Impact of the radiographic examination on diagnosis and treatment decision of caries lesions in primary teeth – the Caries Detection in Children (CARDEC-01) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Although most clinical guidelines throughout the world indicate that clinicians take two bitewings for detecting caries lesions in primary molars of all children, evidence for this recommendation is essentially based on cross-sectional studies performed in laboratory settings or using convenience samples. The benefits and impact of performing radiographs on diagnosis and treatment decision of caries lesions in primary teeth, mainly considering relevant outcomes for patients, have not been evaluated yet. Thus, the aim of this randomized clinical trial will be to evaluate the impact of performing radiographic examination adjunct to the visual inspection for detecting and making treatment decision regarding caries lesions in primary teeth compared with visual inspection performed alone. We will consider different outcomes related to children's health and welfare.\ud \ud \ud Methods/Design\ud To reach this objective, 250 children ages 3 to 6 years who sought dental treatment in our dental school will be randomly allocated in two groups according to the diagnostic strategy used for caries detection: visual inspection performed alone or visual inspection associated to radiographic examination. Two trained and calibrated examiners will carry out the examinations and elaborate the treatment decision plan. Then, children will be treated and followed up for 2 years, with evaluations after 12 and 24 months after the inclusion of children in the study. Children will also return after 6 and 18 months to reinforce the preventive orientations. Primary outcome will be the number of dental surfaces in need of dental treatment at the follow-up. Secondary outcomes will be the components of the primary outcome separately, as well as, proportion of false-positive results, the oral health-related quality of life, cost-efficacy, cost-adjusted life years, and number of new lesions in the first permanent molars.\ud \ud \ud Discussion\ud Our working hypothesis is that radiographic examination would actually exert little influence on patient-centered outcomes, and visual inspection would be enough as diagnostic strategy for caries detection in primary teeth.\ud \ud \ud Trial registration\ud \ud \ud NCT02078453\ud \ud . Registered 4 March 2015.This trial is funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de\ud São Paulo – FAPESP (Grant # 2012/24243-7), CNPQ (Grants # 471817/2012-0\ud and 471817/2012-0) and CAPES, Brazilian funding agencies. The authors\ud wish to thank the participants of the Post-Graduation in Pediatric Dentistry\ud Seminar of FOUSP for the critical comments

Aneuploidy in intestinal stem cells promotes gut dysplasia in Drosophila

Aneuploidy is associated with different human diseases including cancer. However, different cell types appear to respond differently to aneuploidy, either by promoting tumorigenesis or causing cell death. We set out to study the behavior of adult Drosophila melanogaster intestinal stem cells (ISCs) after induction of chromosome missegregation either by abrogation of the spindle assembly checkpoint or through kinetochore disruption or centrosome amplification. These conditions induce moderate levels of aneuploidy in ISCs, and we find no evidence of apoptosis. Instead, we observe a significant accumulation of ISCs associated with increased stem cell proliferation and an excess of enteroendocrine cells. Moreover, aneuploidy causes up-regulation of the JNK pathway throughout the posterior midgut, and specific inhibition of JNK signaling in ISCs is sufficient to prevent dysplasia. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the behavior of different stem cell populations to aneuploidy and how these can act as reservoirs for genomic alterations that can lead to tissue pathologies.This article is a result of the project Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020) Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000029 – Advancing Cancer Research: From basic knowledge to application, under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund, and it is also funded by National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project PTDC/BEX-BCM/1921/2014

Evaluación de la temperatura corporal en sistemas de producción ovina en el Centro de Formación Agroindustrial

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar y comparar la temperatura corporal de los ovinos en dos hábitat diferentes: en ambiente con arreglo silvopastoril con árboles dispersos (CS) y en pradera convencional (SS), establecidos en el Centro de Formación Agroindustrial. Se organizaron dos grupos de ovinos, cada uno con un ejemplar de la raza Santa Inés y otro de la raza Katahdin. Las variables registradas para medir las condiciones ambientales fueron la temperatura atmosférica (TaºC) y la humedad relativa (% HR), y en los ovinos la temperatura corporal vía rectal (TrºC). Los datos fueron analizados de manera descriptiva considerando la relación entre los dos ambientes, encontrando que los ovinos en condiciones SS alcanzaron la temperatura corporal interna más alta (39.53ºC), afectada directamente por la temperatura ambiental (33.38ºC), pero al mismo tiempo presentaron autorregulación térmica, como se puede evidenciar al comparar con los valores de CS. El estudio concluye que la presencia de sombra dentro de los sistemas productivos en ovinos mejora las respuestas del confort animal en la temperatura corporal

Arquiteturas da saúde na segunda metade do século XIX e os modelos de ensino nas academias portuguesas

The historical intertwining of production hospitals in Brazil and Portugal in the second half of the nineteenth century demands to understand the context of training and academic work of its designers, highlighting the fundamental matrix formation up to: the drawing as design technique and representation of architecture. In this essay, we will adopt the Warburg point of view to understand the History of Art as part of a Theory of Culture, where several factors contribute to the assembly of an iconographic constellation to be read in transdisciplinary sense to allowfor the understanding of the historical, aesthetic and social role of hospitals understood as urban monuments in their respective contexts. The objects in study are the Hospital Dom Luis I of the Royal Society Portuguese Beneficent in Belém, designed in 1870 by the former student of the Academy of Fine Arts of Lisbon Frederico José Branco and the Psychiatric Hospital of Conde de Ferreira. The last belongs to Holy House of Mercy of Porto, built for this purpose in 1868, under the traces of the engineer and Full Professor of Civil Architecture Chair of the Fine Arts Academy Port Manuel de Almeida Ribeiro. These buildings are icons of the Portuguese capital investments in Brazil and Brazilian called ‘return-trip’ in Portugal, representing the Portuguese-Brazilian relations in the second half of the nineteenth century.O entrelaçamento histórico entre a construção de hospitais de raiz no Brasil e em Portugal na segunda metade do século XIX demanda a compreensão do contexto de formação e atuação acadêmica de seus projetistas, evidenciando a matriz fundamental da formação à altura: o desenho como técnica de concepção e representação da Arquitetura. Neste ensaio, adotaremos o olhar warburguiano ao entender a História da Arte como parte de uma teoria da cultura, em que fatores vários contribuem para a montagem de uma constelação iconográfica, a ser lida em sentido transdisciplinar que permita renovar e ampliar os cânones históricos preexistentes. Assim, a iconografia servirá de evidência para a compreensão do papel histórico, estético e social dos nosocômios, entendidos como monumentos urbanos em seus respectivos contextos. Temos como edifícios em foco neste estudo o Hospital D. Luiz I, da Real Sociedade Beneficente Portuguesa em Belém, projetado em 1870 pelo ex-aluno da Academia de Belas Artes de Lisboa, Frederico José Branco, e o Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira, pertencente à Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Porto, construído de raiz em 1868, sob a traça do engenheiro e lente proprietário da Cadeira de Arquitetura civil da Academia de Belas-Artes do Porto, Manuel de Almeida Ribeiro. Esses edifícios são ícones das inversões de capital de portugueses no Brasil e dos chamados brasileiros de “torna-viagem” em Portugal, representando as relações luso-brasileiras na segunda metade do século XIX

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data