Alignment of the CMS tracker with LHC and cosmic ray data

© CERN 2014 for the benefit of the CMS collaboration, published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License by IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation and DOI.The central component of the CMS detector is the largest silicon tracker ever built. The precise alignment of this complex device is a formidable challenge, and only achievable with a significant extension of the technologies routinely used for tracking detectors in the past. This article describes the full-scale alignment procedure as it is used during LHC operations. Among the specific features of the method are the simultaneous determination of up to 200 000 alignment parameters with tracks, the measurement of individual sensor curvature parameters, the control of systematic misalignment effects, and the implementation of the whole procedure in a multi-processor environment for high execution speed. Overall, the achieved statistical accuracy on the module alignment is found to be significantly better than 10μm

Short- and long-term outcomes in ypT2 rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and local excision: a multicentre observational study

Although local excision (LE) after neoadjuvant treatment (NT) has achieved encouraging oncological outcomes in selected patients, radical surgery still remains the rule when unfavorable pathology occurs. However, there is a risk of undertreating patients not eligible for radical surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with pathological incomplete response (ypT2) in a multicentre cohort of patients undergoing LE after NT and to compare them with ypT0-is-1 rectal cancers

Complications and mortality in a cohort of patients undergoing emergency and elective surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an Italian multicenter study. Teachings of Phase 1 to be brought in Phase 2 pandemic

Since the beginning of the pandemic due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its related disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several articles reported negative outcomes in surgery of infected patients. Aim of this study is to report results of patients with COVID-19-positive swab, in the perioperative period after surgery. Data of COVID-19-positive patients undergoing emergent or oncological surgery, were collected in a retrospective, multicenter study, which involved 20 Italian institutions. Collected parameters were age, sex, body mass index, COVID-19-related symptoms, patients' comorbidities, surgical procedure, personal protection equipment (PPE) used in operating rooms, rate of postoperative infection among healthcare staff and complications, within 30-postoperative days. 68 patients, who underwent surgery, resulted COVID-19-positive in the perioperative period. Symptomatic patients were 63 (92.5%). Fever was the main symptom in 36 (52.9%) patients, followed by dyspnoea (26.5%) and cough (13.2%). We recorded 22 (32%) intensive care unit admissions, 23 (33.8%) postoperative pulmonary complications and 15 (22%) acute respiratory distress syndromes. As regards the ten postoperative deaths (14.7%), 6 cases were related to surgical complications. One surgeon, one scrub nurse and two circulating nurses were infected after surgery due to the lack of specific PPE. We reported less surgery-related pulmonary complications and mortality in Sars-CoV-2-infected patients, than in literature. Emergent and oncological surgery should not be postponed, but it is mandatory to use full PPE, and to adopt preoperative screenings and strategies that mitigate the detrimental effect of pulmonary complications, mostly responsible for mortality

Engineered Prototypes of the Barrel and Forward Single-Sided Silicon Modules of CMS: Milestone Report

This is intended to describe the main features of the first engineered versions of the basic single-sided detector modules for the barrel and forward silicon tracker of CMS

Ontopoiesi, autopoiesi. sistemi biologici e giustizia

Si documenta il tentativo di numerosi studiosi di varia provenienza e cultura, di inventariare le risorse teoretico-metafisiche ancora disponibili nella nuova situazione di pensiero, da J. Habermas denominata “post-metafisica”. Inediti sentieri-di-senso ne sono emersi, certo ancora privi di quella esplicita capacità di complessiva articolazione dell’orizzonte ontologico, che solo una nuova sistematica metafisica potrà fornire, ma già reale auspicio del prossimo New Enlightenment, annunciato da Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. Anche alla sua fenomenologia della vita attinge la presente ricerca, nell’intento di contribuire validamente alla ricostruzione di un orizzonte d’essere adeguato alle sfide dei nostri giorni

Vie della fenomenologia nella post-modernit\ue0. Confronto con la fenomenologia della vita di A.-T. Tymieniecka

Da quando Fran\ue7ois Lyotard ha rilevato l\u2019affermarsi post-moderno dell\u2019incredulit\ue0 nei confronti delle meta-narrazioni di legittimazione dei saperi moderni, sempre pi\uf9 pressante si \ue8 fatta l\u2019esigenza di inventariare le risorse teoretico-metafisiche ancora disponibili nella nuova situazione di pensiero, da J. Habermas denominata \u201cpost-metafisica\u201d. Di tale esigenza si sono fatti interpreti l\u2019International Society for Phenomenology and the Sciences of Life, affiliata al World Phenomenology Institute e presieduta da Francesco Totaro dell\u2019Universit\ue0 di Macerata, il Centro Italiano di Ricerche Fenomenologiche (CIRF) di Roma, guidato da Angela Ales Bello dell\u2019Universit\ue0 del Laterano e il Centro Studi e Ricerche \u201cEdith Stein\u201d (CSES) di Roma, diretto da Anna Maria Pezzella dell\u2019Universit\ue0 del Laterano, quando nel 2010 hanno diramato il call for papers per il Convegno Internazionale: \u201cSentieri fenomenologici nella Post-Modernit\ue0. Confronto con la fenomenologia della vita di Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka\u201d/Phenomenological Paths in Post-Modernity. A comparison with the Phenomenology of Life of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, che si sarebbe tenuto a Roma, presso l\u2019Auditorium della Pontificia Universit\ue0 \u201cAntonianum\u201d, dal 13 al 15 gennaio 2011. L\u2019iniziativa ricevette il patrocinio della Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana, dell\u2019Ambasciata della Repubblica Federale Tedesca in Italia, dell\u2019Universit\ue0 di Macerata e dell\u2019Universit\ue0 di Bari. Il Dipartimento di Filosofia e Scienze umane dell\u2019Universit\ue0 di Macerata, oggi Sezione del Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, il World Phenomenology Institute, Banca Intesa e Banca delle Marche apportarono il loro fondamentale sostegno e contributo. Gli studiosi partecipanti furono invitati a cogliere e ad individuare inediti sentieri-di-senso nella \u201cliquida\u201d compagine culturale del nostro tempo, che trova le funzioni e le strutture di pensiero consolidate impotenti ad afferrarla e comprenderla. E poich\ue9 J. Habermas aveva pure evidenziato quanto la flessione fenomenologica della teoresi mantenesse tuttora la vitalit\ue0 per nuove germinazioni di senso, al contrario della filosofia analitica, dello strutturalismo e del neo-marxismo gi\ue0 da tempo giunti al loro \u201cpostismo\u201d, nel call for papers del convegno romano si richiese anche di privilegiare il confronto con le prospettive fenomenologiche pi\uf9 recenti e innovative, tra le quali spiccava la fenomenologia della vita di Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. A tutta prima, l\u2019impresa sembrava non solo provocatoria ma addirittura disperata: come dalla dominante mentalit\ue0 tardo-novecentesca, neo-positivistica, decostruttivistica, nichilistica, sarebbe potuta scaturire qualche novit\ue0 relativamente al rinvenimento di un logos unitario, capace di ritessere una rete di senso per il complesso della viva esperienza umana e dell\u2019essere tutto? Invece proprio questo \ue8 accaduto e la Post-Modernit\ue0 \u2013 fin qui caratterizzata filosoficamente solo dalla caduta in disuso delle grandi narrazioni di senso e quindi dalla perdita, da parte dei fenomeni, della rete teoretica che fino a quel momento li \u201csalvava\u201d dalla dispersione, dalla frammentazione e dalla incomunicabilit\ue0 reciproca \u2013 si \ue8 rivelata essere l\u2019incubatrice di nuovi sentieri di senso, certo ancora privi di quella esplicita capacit\ue0 di complessiva articolazione dell\u2019orizzonte ontologico, che solo una nuova sistematica metafisica potr\ue0 fornire, ma gi\ue0 reale auspicio di un prossimo New Enlightenment. La stessa qualit\ue0 post-metafisica della teoresi post-moderna \ue8 cos\uec cambiata di segno, nella misura in cui, sulle dinamiche correnti, applicate a polverizzare l\u2019edificio ontologico-metafisico, divenuto ormai heideggerianamente mero ricettacolo della semplice presenza dell\u2019ente, e/o a gettarsi alle spalle la metafisica, quale stadio superato del sapere, soppiantato da quello scientifico-positivo, si \ue8 rilevato, piuttosto, l\u2019imporsi crescente dell\u2019intenzione di ripensare la metafisica sia per rinnovarne l\u2019impresa originaria di trovare un senso ai fenomeni sia anche per approfondire la questione metafisica del senso e far progredire la ricerca fenomenologica del senso del senso

Track Reconstruction with Cosmic Ray Data at the Tracker Integration Facility

The subsystems of the CMS silicon strip tracker were integrated and commissioned at the Tracker Integration Facility (TIF) in the period from November 2006 to July 2007. As part of the commissioning, large samples of cosmic ray data were recorded under various running conditions in the absence of a magnetic field. Cosmic rays detected by scintillation counters were used to trigger the readout of up to 15\,\% of the final silicon strip detector, and over 4.7~million events were recorded. This document describes the cosmic track reconstruction and presents results on the performance of track and hit reconstruction as from dedicated analyses

Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

International audienceSince the initial data taking of the CERN LHC, the CMS experiment has undergone substantial upgrades and improvements. This paper discusses the CMS detector as it is configured for the third data-taking period of the CERN LHC, Run 3, which started in 2022. The entire silicon pixel tracking detector was replaced. A new powering system for the superconducting solenoid was installed. The electronics of the hadron calorimeter was upgraded. All the muon electronic systems were upgraded, and new muon detector stations were added, including a gas electron multiplier detector. The precision proton spectrometer was upgraded. The dedicated luminosity detectors and the beam loss monitor were refurbished. Substantial improvements to the trigger, data acquisition, software, and computing systems were also implemented, including a new hybrid CPU/GPU farm for the high-level trigger

Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

Since the initial data taking of the CERN LHC, the CMS experiment has undergone substantial upgrades and improvements. This paper discusses the CMS detector as it is configured for the third data-taking period of the CERN LHC, Run 3, which started in 2022. The entire silicon pixel tracking detector was replaced. A new powering system for the superconducting solenoid was installed. The electronics of the hadron calorimeter was upgraded. All the muon electronic systems were upgraded, and new muon detector stations were added, including a gas electron multiplier detector. The precision proton spectrometer was upgraded. The dedicated luminosity detectors and the beam loss monitor were refurbished. Substantial improvements to the trigger, data acquisition, software, and computing systems were also implemented, including a new hybrid CPU/GPU farm for the high-level trigger.Since the initial data taking of the CERN LHC, the CMS experiment has undergone substantial upgrades and improvements. This paper discusses the CMS detector as it is configured for the third data-taking period of the CERN LHC, Run 3, which started in 2022. The entire silicon pixel tracking detector was replaced. A new powering system for the superconducting solenoid was installed. The electronics of the hadron calorimeter was upgraded. All the muon electronic systems were upgraded, and new muon detector stations were added, including a gas electron multiplier detector. The precision proton spectrometer was upgraded. The dedicated luminosity detectors and the beam loss monitor were refurbished. Substantial improvements to the trigger, data acquisition, software, and computing systems were also implemented, including a new hybrid CPU/GPU farm for the high-level trigger