Influence of parental compliance on the effectiveness of treatment of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children

The article focuses on the studies which point to particular difficulties in achieving compliance in pediatrics. A dangerous trend to escalate the number and doses of antibiotics in anti- Helicobacter pylori (HP) schemes, the dosage frequency and course duration of eradication therapy considerably complicates a patient’s compliance to the treatment and contributes to a further growth of HP antibiotic resistance. In the treatment of children, the control of the outpatient therapy largely depends on the patient’s parent

Development of a Li2MoO4 scintillating bolometer for low background physics

We present the performance of a 33 g Li2MoO4 crystal working as a scintillating bolometer. The crystal was tested for more than 400 h in a dilution refrigerator installed in the underground laboratory of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). This compound shows promising features in the frame of neutron detection, dark matter search (solar axions) and neutrinoless double-beta decay physics. Low temperature scintillating properties were investigated by means of different alpha, beta/gamma and neutron sources, and for the first time the Light Yield for different types of interacting particle is estimated. The detector shows great ability of tagging fast neutron interactions and high intrinsic radiopurity levels (< 90 \muBq/kg for 238-U and < 110 \muBq/kg for 232-Th).Comment: revised versio

Международный сравнительный анализ роли малых и средних предприятий в национальной экономике: статистическое исследование

The article addresses a variety of approaches to compiling indicators for development of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) sector in Russia and some developed economies and developing economies. A point of emphasis is various identification criteria for SME attributed to objective institutional characteristics of the countries, differences in economic structure, and objectives of government policy. The study aims at comparing SME sector development levels in Russia and other countries to identify best practices and pinpoint target settings (lay down guidelines) for entrepreneurship policymaking. The article discusses the criteria used in different countries to define small and medium-sized enterprises. It outlines key challenges related to using cross-cutting criteria developed by international organizations. The paper suggests adjustments to defining the role of the SME sector in the Russian economy.  The authors reveal differences between the way international organizations and Russian official statistics present and report statistics; this concerns the coverage of subjects of statistical observation that are defined as small and medium-sized enterprises. International comparisons refer to the small and medium-sized enterprises in the business sector (that is, without the banking sector and the public sector), while in Russia they usually refer to official statistics for the entire economy.  According to the authors, when using the valid approach, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian economy is comparable with the corresponding values for the large countries with capital-intensive industries. Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in Russia differs from that in developed countries in the ratio of private and public sectors, the export potential of small firms, the prevalence of technology startups and the ratio of open and shadow economic activities. The article emphasizes the importance of analyzing the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy when making management decisions of a strategic nature. The SME sector performs many important socio-economic functions, including job creation and employment, the contribution to value-added production and exports, economic growth and increased competitiveness of the economy, personalized customer satisfaction, the creation of new industries and economic diversification.В статье рассмотрены подходы к сравнению индикаторов развития сектора малых и средних предприятий (МСП) России и ряда экономически развитых и развивающихся стран. Акцентируется внимание на разных критериях идентификации МСП, обусловленных объективными институциональными особенностями стран, различиями в структуре экономики и задачами го­сударственной политики. Основная цель исследования сопоставление уровня развития сектора малых и средних предприятий в России и других странах для определения целевых ориентиров политики в сфере предпринимательства.  Проведен сбор данных и анализ существующих в разных странах критериев отнесения предприятий к категории малых и средних; выделены основные проблемы использования сквозных методик, разработанных международными организациями; пред­ложены корректировки для определения роли сектора МСП в экономике России. Выявлены различия в представлении статистических данных международными организациями и российской официальной статистикой, прежде всего в охвате субъектов статистического наблюдения, относимых к среднему и малому бизнесу. Так, в международных сопоставлениях учитывается, как правило, роль малых и средних компаний в общем числе компаний, то есть исключаются банки, бюджетные организации и т. д., в то время как в России приводятся данные, относящиеся ко всей экономике в целом.  По мнению авторов, при применении корректного подхода роль сектора малых и средних фирм в экономике России сопоставима с соответствующими значениями для крупных стран с капиталоемкими производствами. Малое и среднее предпринимательство в России отличается от сектора МСП развитых стран по таким характеристикам, как соотношение частного и государствен­ного секторов, экспортный потенциал малых фирм, распространенность технологических стартапов и соотношение открытой и теневой экономической деятельности.  В статье подчеркивается значимость анализа роли малого и среднего предпринимательства в экономике при принятии управленческих решений стратегического характера. Сектор МСП выполняет ряд важных социально-экономических функций, среди которых создание рабочих мест и обеспечение занятости населения, вклад в производство добавленной стоимости и экс­порт, экономический рост и повышение конкурентоспособности экономики, персонализированное удовлетворение потребностей потребителей, создание новых отраслей и диверсификация экономики.

Инновационная деятельность быстрорастущих компаний как условие по вышения их конкурентоспособности

This article was conducted to identify the impact of innovative and scientific activities on competitiveness of fast growing Russian companies. The authors demonstrated that the competitiveness of domestic companies depends on their expenditures on R&amp;D and technological innovation, the costs of staff training and other factors. Dataset for the study is based on the national ranking of fast-growing high-tech companies «TechUp 2013».Данная статья направлена на выявление влияния научно-технологической и инновационной деятельности на повышение конкурентоспособности быстрорастущих компаний в России. Авторы показали, что конкурентоспособность отечественных компаний зависит от их расходов на НИОКР и технологические инновации, затрат на обучение персонала и ряда других факторов. Информационной основой для исследования послужили данные национального рейтинга быстрорастущих высокотехнологичных компаний «ТехУспех‑2013»

ПОДХОДЫ К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДОЛИНЫ МГУ ИМ. М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА

LomonosovMoscowStateUniversityis a leading Russian institution of higher education, the only one included in the top 100 authoritative global ranking – ARWU (Shanghairanking). Since 2014 it is planned to implement a large-scale project of theTechnologyValleyinRussia, the research world-class center associated with the University. The paper analyzes the main approaches to the implementation of the project, based on the analysis of international experience. We formulated recommendations for its implementation. In the modern world, the competitiveness of the country is determined by its ability to create opportunities for human potential, to attract and retain the most talented people. TheTechnologyValleyproject inRussiashould be developed regarding to its local position advantages and theMoscowuniversity development goals should also be taken into account. The accelerated development of the project can become a successful anti-crisis strategy. МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова – это ведущий университет России, единственный входящий в топ-100 авторитетного глобального рейтинга ARWU (Шанхайский рейтинг). С 2014 года в России планируется реализация масштабного проекта создания Технологической долины, научно-исследовательского центра мирового уровня, связанного с университетом. В работе проанализированы основные подходы к реализации данного проекта на основе изучения международного опыта. Сформулированы рекомендации по его реализации. В современном мире конкурентоспособность страны определяется созданными возможностями для раскрытия человеческого потенциала, для привлечения и удержания наиболее талантливых людей. Проект создания Технологической долины должен реализовываться с учетом преимуществ, обусловленных его расположением вблизи Московского университета, и способствовать развитию самого университета. Проект может стать успешной антикризисной стратегией.

Observation of Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts in the Experiments Onboard Lomonosov and Vernov Satellites

Abstract: The study of cosmic gamma ray bursts (GRBs) is one of the main goals of the Lomonosov space mission. The main advantage of this mission is simultaneous multiwavelength observations of GRBs covering the optical, X-ray and gamma-ray ranges. The mission payload includes the GRB monitor BDRG, wide-field optical cameras SHOK, and the UFFO instrument. Data are recorded mainly by the event trigger provided by the BDRG instrument, which measures the spectral and temporal properties of the burst in the energy range 10–3000 keV. The BDRG instrument also provides estimation of the source coordinates by comparing the readings of three differently directed detectors with an accuracy of several degrees. Wide-field SHOK optical cameras have a field of view of ~20° × 40°. They fix a set of images with a frequency of about five frames per second prior to the trigger and another set immediately after the trigger. The UFFO instrument includes the UBAT telescope with a coded mask for measurements in hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray ranges and an optical telescope with a slewing mirror (SMT) that can be directed on the GRB source for a time ~1 s for measuring GRB prompt emission in the early stages. In response to an BDRG trigger signal, the real-time data on a detected GRB are transmitted to the Earth via Globalstar network to the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network (GCN) and ground-based observatories. During observations on the Lomonosov satellite, 20 gamma-ray bursts were detected and catalogued. Several gamma-ray bursts were also detected in the Vernov satellite experiment. An example of such an event is given.Financial support for this work was provided by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project no RFMEFI60717X0175

Development of 100^{100}Mo-containing scintillating bolometers for a high-sensitivity neutrinoless double-beta decay search

We report recent achievements in the development of scintillating bolometers to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo. The presented results have been obtained in the framework of the LUMINEU, LUCIFER and EDELWEISS collaborations, and are now part of the R\&D activities towards CUPID (CUORE Update with Particle IDentification), a proposed next-generation double-beta decay experiment based on the CUORE experience. We have developed a technology for the production of large mass ($\sim$1 kg), high optical quality, radiopure zinc and lithium molybdate crystal scintillators (ZnMoO$_4$ and Li$_2$MoO$_4$, respectively) from deeply purified natural and $^{100}$Mo-enriched molybdenum. The procedure is applied for a routine production of enriched crystals. Furthermore, the technology of a single detector module consisting of a large-volume ($\sim 100$~cm$^3$) Zn$^{100}$MoO$_4$ and Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer has been established, demonstrating performance and radiopurity that are close to satisfy the demands of CUPID. In particular, the FWHM energy resolution of the detectors at 2615 keV --- near the $Q$-value of the double-beta transition of $^{100}$Mo (3034~keV) --- is $\approx$ 4--10~keV. The achieved rejection of $\alpha$-induced dominant background above 2.6~MeV is at the level of more than 99.9\%. The bulk activity of $^{232}$Th ($^{228}$Th) and $^{226}$Ra in the crystals is below 10 $\mu$Bq/kg. Both crystallization and detector technologies favor Li$_2$MoO$_4$, which was selected as a main element for the realization of a CUPID demonstrator (CUPID-0/Mo) with $\sim$7 kg of $^{100}$Mo

Cross-species amplification of 41 microsatellites in European cyprinids: A tool for evolutionary, population genetics and hybridization studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cyprinids display the most abundant and widespread species among the European freshwater Teleostei and are known to hybridize quite commonly. Nevertheless, a limited number of markers for conducting comparative differentiation, evolutionary and hybridization dynamics studies are available to date.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Five multiplex PCR sets were optimized in order to assay 41 cyprinid-specific polymorphic microsatellite loci (including 10 novel loci isolated from <it>Chondrostoma nasus nasus, Chondrostoma toxostoma toxostoma </it>and <it>Leuciscus leuciscus</it>) for 503 individuals (440 purebred specimens and 63 hybrids) from 15 European cyprinid species. The level of genetic diversity was assessed in <it>Alburnus alburnus, Alburnoides bipunctatus, C. genei, C. n. nasus, C. soetta, C. t. toxostoma, L. idus, L. leuciscus, Pachychilon pictum, Rutilus rutilus, Squalius cephalus </it>and <it>Telestes souffia</it>. The applicability of the markers was also tested on <it>Abramis brama, Blicca bjoerkna </it>and <it>Scardinius erythrophtalmus </it>specimens. Overall, between 24 and 37 of these markers revealed polymorphic for the investigated species and 23 markers amplified for all the 15 European cyprinid species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The developed set of markers demonstrated its performance in discriminating European cyprinid species. Furthermore, it allowed detecting and characterizing hybrid individuals. These microsatellites will therefore be useful to perform comparative evolutionary and population genetics studies dealing with European cyprinids, what is of particular interest in conservation issues and constitutes a tool of choice to conduct hybridization studies.</p