Sans soleil, o trabalho do imaginário

Sans soleil se apresenta, inicialmente, como um conjunto de imagens heterogêneas. No entanto, uma questão é trabalhada no filme do início ao fim: a noção de imaginário compreendida no sentido psicanalítico de trabalho ou de experiência. O imaginário em Sans soleil é ao mesmo tempo um espaço em que o indivíduo pode tornar-se interlocutor, um instrumento de conexão entre zonas heterogêneas e um movimento que unifica os contornos da experiência da alteridade.Sans soleil se présente d’abbord comme un ensemble d’images hétérogènes. Pourtant, une question est présent dans le film du début au jusqu’à la fin: la notion d’imaginaire, à entendre en son sens psychanalytique du travail ou de l’expérience. L’imaginaire dans Sans soleil est done à la fois un espace où l’individu peut se pendre comme interlocuteur, un instrument de raccordement entre des zones hétérogènes et un mouvement qui épouse les contours de l’expérience de l’altérité

Jacques MALTHêTE, Laurent MANNONI (dir.), Méliès, Magie et Cinéma 1 (cat. exp.), textes de J. Malthête, L. Mannoni, C. Fechner, T. Lefebvre, L. Le Forestier, Paris, éd. Paris-Musées, 2002, 277 p., ill. NB et coul., filmographie complète, bibl., 39 E.

La relation en miroir entre une exposition et son catalogue varie sensiblement, selon que celui-ci se contente d'épouser les contours de son modèle ou choisit de s'en écarter un peu ­ de simple vitrine, le catalogue peut se faire distance critique, la marge de manoeuvre n'est pas si étroite. Pour lors, le reflet est pensif, puisque le catalogue s'engage dans la voie de l'explicitation et de l'approfondissement. Sans doute, le propos de l'exposition consistait-il déjà à ouvrir l'homme ..

Phase 1 Trials of rVSV Ebola Vaccine in Africa and Europe.

BACKGROUND: The replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine expressing a Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein was selected for rapid safety and immunogenicity testing before its use in West Africa. METHODS: We performed three open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 trials and one randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 1 trial to assess the safety, side-effect profile, and immunogenicity of rVSV-ZEBOV at various doses in 158 healthy adults in Europe and Africa. All participants were injected with doses of vaccine ranging from 300,000 to 50 million plaque-forming units (PFU) or placebo. RESULTS: No serious vaccine-related adverse events were reported. Mild-to-moderate early-onset reactogenicity was frequent but transient (median, 1 day). Fever was observed in up to 30% of vaccinees. Vaccine viremia was detected within 3 days in 123 of the 130 participants (95%) receiving 3 million PFU or more; rVSV was not detected in saliva or urine. In the second week after injection, arthritis affecting one to four joints developed in 11 of 51 participants (22%) in Geneva, with pain lasting a median of 8 days (interquartile range, 4 to 87); 2 self-limited cases occurred in 60 participants (3%) in Hamburg, Germany, and Kilifi, Kenya. The virus was identified in one synovial-fluid aspirate and in skin vesicles of 2 other vaccinees, showing peripheral viral replication in the second week after immunization. ZEBOV-glycoprotein-specific antibody responses were detected in all the participants, with similar glycoprotein-binding antibody titers but significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers at higher doses. Glycoprotein-binding antibody titers were sustained through 180 days in all participants. CONCLUSIONS: In these studies, rVSV-ZEBOV was reactogenic but immunogenic after a single dose and warrants further evaluation for safety and efficacy. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust and others; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02283099, NCT02287480, and NCT02296983; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACTR201411000919191.)

Integration of the End Cap TEC+ of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker

The silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment has been completed and inserted into the CMS detector in late 2007. The largest sub-system of the tracker is its end cap system, comprising two large end caps (TEC) each containing 3200 silicon strip modules. To ease construction, the end caps feature a modular design: groups of about 20 silicon modules are placed on sub-assemblies called petals and these self-contained elements are then mounted into the TEC support structures. Each end cap consists of 144 petals, and the insertion of these petals into the end cap structure is referred to as TEC integration. The two end caps were integrated independently in Aachen (TEC+) and at CERN (TEC--). This note deals with the integration of TEC+, describing procedures for end cap integration and for quality control during testing of integrated sections of the end cap and presenting results from the testing

Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness

Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association

Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five novel loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci are also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic=0.748), which indicated a similar genetic background and allowed for the identification of four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, Parkinson’s disease, and enriched near genes involved in growth pathways including PI3K–AKT signaling. These findings identify biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and provide genetic support for theories on brain reserve and brain overgrowth

Differential predictors for alcohol use in adolescents as a function of familial risk

Abstract: Traditional models of future alcohol use in adolescents have used variable-centered approaches, predicting alcohol use from a set of variables across entire samples or populations. Following the proposition that predictive factors may vary in adolescents as a function of family history, we used a two-pronged approach by first defining clusters of familial risk, followed by prediction analyses within each cluster. Thus, for the first time in adolescents, we tested whether adolescents with a family history of drug abuse exhibit a set of predictors different from adolescents without a family history. We apply this approach to a genetic risk score and individual differences in personality, cognition, behavior (risk-taking and discounting) substance use behavior at age 14, life events, and functional brain imaging, to predict scores on the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) at age 14 and 16 in a sample of adolescents (N = 1659 at baseline, N = 1327 at follow-up) from the IMAGEN cohort, a longitudinal community-based cohort of adolescents. In the absence of familial risk (n = 616), individual differences in baseline drinking, personality measures (extraversion, negative thinking), discounting behaviors, life events, and ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, while the overall model explained 22% of the variance in future AUDIT. In the presence of familial risk (n = 711), drinking behavior at age 14, personality measures (extraversion, impulsivity), behavioral risk-taking, and life events were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, explaining 20.1% of the overall variance. Results suggest that individual differences in personality, cognition, life events, brain function, and drinking behavior contribute differentially to the prediction of future alcohol misuse. This approach may inform more individualized preventive interventions

Intermittent hypoxia revisited: a promising non-pharmaceutical strategy to reduce cardio-metabolic risk factors?

International audienc

Compréhension et valorisation des interactions entre plantes et microorganismes telluriques : un enjeu majeur en agroécologie

Prod 2019-83 EA SPE BIOmE INRA UB DOCTNational audienceLes plantes sont associées à une myriade de microorganismes regroupés sous le terme de microbiote. L’association d’une plante et de son microbiote représente un holobionte dont la performance est influencée par la nature des interactions entre ses composantes végétale et microbienne. Ainsi, les plantes favorisent le développement et les activités de populations microbiennes particulières dans leur rhizosphère via la libération d’une part importante de leurs photosynthétats sous forme de composés organiques (rhizodépôts) ; réciproquement certaines de ces populations promeuvent la nutrition, la croissance et la santé de la plante-hôte. Ainsi, le coût représenté par la libération des rhizodépôts est balancé par les effets bénéfiques des populations entretenues par ces rhizodépôts. En termes d’écologie et d’évolution, les holobiontes comportant une proportion élevée de populations/gènes microbiens bénéfiques au sein de leur microbiote sont plus performants et donc mieux disséminés. Cependant, la domestication des espèces végétales et d’une façon plus générale l’intensification de l’agriculture a pu minimiser ces interactions bénéfiques. Un enjeu majeur de l’agroécologie est de préserver et valoriser ces interactions plantes-microorganismes afin de limiter l’usage d’intrants de synthèse (engrais, pesticides). Cela nécessite de connaitre et comprendre ces interactions et en particulier d’identifier i) les traits végétaux contribuant au recrutement de populations microbiennes favorables ainsi que ii) les traits microbiens responsables des effets bénéfiques sur la plante-hôte. Des illustrations dans ces domaines sont présentées ainsi que des perspectives d’application