Natural Enemies of Bark Beetles

The occurrence and action of natural enemies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are reviewed. Bark beetles have a diverse and important community of natural enemies. The community includes predators such as birds, beetles, flies, true bugs, and mites; parasitoids such as wasps and flies; pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, and protozoa; as well as nematodes. The general ecology of the various taxonomic groups is discussed and some of the species most relevant to biological control are treated in detail. Morphological descriptions and the biology of pathogens, field data on natural enemies’ prevalence and geographical distribution are presented. The role of these antagonistic agents in bark beetle population dynamics and their potential for use as biological control agents are evaluated based on literature, data from experiments, observations in the field, and from controlled laboratory experiments

[Christian pamphlets. Vol. 14]

1 v. ; 23 cm.The work : and the workmen / by W.T. Dwight -- Protection in the family, in society, and in the state / by M.S. Howard -- Christian missions, a work of faith / by E.N. Kirk -- Spirit, soul and body / by M. Hopkins -- The living seed and the fruitful soil / [J.G. Wortley] -- Beauty / [H.W. Beecher] -- My yoke is easy / [H.W. Beecher] -- Testimony against evil / [H.W. Beecher] -- The danger of tampering with sin / [H.W. Beecher] --The ground of salvation / H.W. Beecher -- Individual responsibility / H.W. Beecher -- The ministrant church / by T.M. Post -- The divine forces of the Gospel / by S.M. Bartlett -- Memorial of Rev. JG. Bergen, D.D. / by J.A. Reed -- Prayer and the prayer-gauge / by M. Hopkins -- Adulteration of liquors / by A.F. Bourns -- The little cloud like a man's hand / by Z. Eddy -- The Christian ministry / by N.C. Mallory.The earth fading and teaching / by B. Parsons -- A farewell sermon delivered in the First Presbyterian Church, Ann Arbor, Michigan / by S.W. Duffield -- Occasional papers in regard to Turkey / by T.C. Trowbridge -- Dancing and piety / by E.W. Borden -- The logic of our missions to alien races in America / [G.F. Magoun] -- Annual discourse / by E.N. Kirk -- The unfailing virture / W.B. Barbour -- Addresses at the inauguration of Rev. Horatio Q. Butterfield, D.D., as President of Olivet College, Olivet, Mich. -- The field is the world / by Mrs. G.C. Smith -- Robt. G. Ingersoll's attack on the Bible / by. S.V. Leech -- Samuel Worcester / by S.D. Clark -- Sketch of Theron Baldwin / [J.M. Sturtevant] -- Triennial catalogue of the Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York, December, 1865