Induced compaction by the vehicular traffic in a soil for horticultural crop production

Se realizaron ensayos en campo con el objeto de caracterizar el estado de compactación de un suelo en producción hortícola inducida por el tránsito, luego del desarrollo del ciclo de un cultivo de repollo (Brassica oleracea L. grupo capitata ) y su incidencia sobre el rendimiento. Se efectuaron determinaciones de resistencia a la penetración, densidad aparente y humedad gravimétrica sobre el suelo y biomasa aérea al finalizar el ciclo del cultivo en los sectores de mayor y menor número de pasajes de vehículos. Los valores de resistencia a la penetración fueron de 1,7 y 1,3 MPa, significativamente mayores para el tratamiento de más de 7 y 3 pasadas respectivamente en el rango de profundidad de 0-100 mm . No se manifestaron diferencias en el parámetro densidad aparente en la totalidad del perfil. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en biomasa aérea, para el tratamiento de 3 pasadas (1902.6 g planta-1), en relación al de mas de 7 pasadas (1447,9 g planta-1). El pasaje repetido sobre los surcos originan incrementos en la resistencia a la penetración a nivel superficial. El peso fresco y la materia seca del cultivo son afectados por el número de pasadas de los tractores y máquinas agrícolas.Field tests were carried out with the objective of characterizing the state of compaction in horticultural soil induced by traffic, after the development of a cabbage crop (Brassica oleracea L.group capitata) cycle, and its incidence on yield. Measurements of penetration resistance, bulk density, and moisture content in soil were made and aeread biomass at the end of the cycle crop in sectors with a larger and smaller number of vehicles passes. Values of penetration resistance of 1.7 and 1.3 MPa were found for treatment with more than 7 passes and 3 passes, respectively, in the depth range of 0-100 mm. No significant differences were found in bulk density parameter in the entire soil profile. Statistically, significant differences were found for aereal biomass values of 3 passes treatment (1902.6 g plant-1), in relation to more than 7 passes (1447.9 g plant-1). Repeated passes on rows resulted in increments of penetration resistance at shallow depths. The number of the tractor and agricultural machinery passes influenced the fresh and dry weight of crop.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Insights from atomistic models on loop nucleation and growth in α-Fe thin films under Fe+ 100 keV irradiation

The question of how loops nucleate and grow in α-Fe under irradiation is addressed using object kinetic Monte Carlo with parameters from molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations. Two models are considered for the formation of loops, both based on recent atomistic simulations. In one model loops are formed by the interaction between ½ loops. In a second model small interstitial clusters, nucleated in the collision cascade, can grow as or ½ loops. Comparing results from the calculations to experimental measurements of loop densities, ratios and sizes produced by Fe+ 100 keV irradiation of UHP Fe thin films at room temperature, the validity of the models is assessed. For these experimental conditions, the reaction model does not seem to be very efficient in the production of loops due to the fast recombination of ½ loops to surfaces. Therefore, in our thin film simulations (at very low carbon concentrations) most loops are a result of the nucleation model. In bulk simulations this effect could change since the probability of interactions between ½ loops would increase. Moreover, simulations show that total visible cluster concentration depends strongly on sample thickness and carbon content, while crystal orientation does not seem to have a significant role. Finally, the ratio of to ½ visible clusters changes with increased carbon concentration.This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The research leading to these results is partly funded by the European Atomic Energy Communitys (Euratom) Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007e2013 under grant agreement No. 604862 (MatISSE project) and in the framework of the EERA (European Energy Research Alliance) Joint Programme on Nuclear Materials

Soil compaction by forestry harvester operation: evolution of physical properties

Se realizaron ensayos en campo con el objeto de evaluar los efectos y la persistencia de la compactación inducida por diferentes intensidades de tránsito durante la cosecha forestal en una población de álamos (Populus sp.). Se trabajó con un tractor de tracción simple de 73,5 kW y un acoplado, con una masa de 4,2 Mg y 2,7 Mg, respectivamente. Se establecieron 3 tratamientos de tránsito: 1, 5 y 10 pasajes sobre una misma senda, contrastados con un testigo sin tránsito. Luego de cada tratamiento, y 3 años después de realizados los mismos, se efectuaron determinaciones de penetrometría, densidad aparente y humedad gravimétrica. Hubo incrementos significativos de resistencia a la penetración para los tratamientos con tránsito, alcanzando el de mayor intensidad valores entre el 76 y el 16 % en los primeros 40 cm de profundidad. La densidad aparente tuvo una tendencia similar limitada a una menor profundidad. Luego de 3 años, los efectos persistían a nivel subsuperficial, para el índice de cono en los sectores tránsitados con respecto a los no transitados, encontrándose diferencias significativas para el tratamiento de 10 pasajes respecto al de 1 pasaje hasta 50 cm. Aún con cargas por eje de 3 Mg, el incremento de la intensidad de tránsito induce compactación a nivel subsuperficial que persiste en el tiempo.The long-term effects on soil compaction by different traffic intensities during forestry harvester operation were evaluated in field experiments on heavy clay, vertic Argiudol. A conventional 2WD 73.5 kW engine power tractor with a trailer, 4.2 Mg and 3.75 Mg total load respectively, were used on a multiclonal Populus deltoides (Marsh) 3x3 plantation. There were four treatments: one pass, five pass and ten repeated passes with the tandem over the same track, and a control plot without experimental traffic. Moisture content, bulk density and penetrometer resistances were evaluated before and immediately after the traffic treatments and three years later. Effects of induced soil compaction by traffic were especially marked on topsoil, with cone index increments between 76 and 16% in the first 40 cm of the surface layer after treatments. Bulk density had a similar tendency but limited to a 15 cm depth. Three years later, only subsoil cone index in the track line, below 20 cm depth, was significantly higher than the interline track soil cone index. The 10 passes treatment had significant differences compared to the 1 pass and no traffic control plot treatments from the surface layer to 50 cm depth, without differences with the 5 passes treatment in most of the studied soil layers. Subsoil compaction may be induced by repeated traffic with low axle load and their effects persist for a very long time.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Physical mechanisms and parameters for models of microstructure evolution under irradiation in Fe alloys – Part I: Pure Fe

This paper is the first of three that overview the main mechanisms that drive the microstructure evolution in Fe alloys under irradiation. It focuses on pure α-Fe and compiles the parameters that describe quantitatively the mobility and stability of point-defects and especially their clusters, including possible reactions and criteria to decide when they should react. These parameters are the result of several years of calculations and application in microstructure evolution models. They are mainly collected from the literature and the parameter choice tries to reconcile different sets of values that, while being in general qualitatively similar, are often quantitatively not coincident. A few calculation results are presented here for the first time to support specific approximations concerning defect properties or features. Since calculations cannot cover all possible defect configurations, the definition of these parameters often requires educated guesses to fill knowledge gaps. These guesses are here listed and discussed whenever relevant. This is therefore a “hands-on” paper that: (i) collects in a single report most microstructure evolution parameters that are found in the literature for irradiated α-Fe, including a discussion of the most important mechanisms at play based on current knowledge; (ii) selects a ready-to-use set that can be employed in microstructure evolution models, such as those based on object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) methods. This work also identifies parameters that are needed, but not known, hopefully prompting corresponding calculations in the future.This work has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No. 755039 (M4F project). This research also contributes to the Joint Programme on Nuclear Materials of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA-JPNM)

Efecto del tránsito por cosecha sobre el suelo y desarrollo de Populus deltoides Marsh

Field tests were carried out with the aim of evaluating harvest traffic effects on soil penetration resistance and plant growth of Populus deltoides Marsh. "Stoneville 66", "Catfish 2", "Harvard" (I-63/51) and "Onda" (I-72/51) clones were selected, with an equivalent stand density of 1.111 trees per hectare, growing on a typical Argiudol soil. A conventional tractor (2WD) of 73.5 kW and a pull type two-axle trailer plant were used. Four treatments were established in relation to three traffic intensities of 1,5 and 10 passages and non-trafficked lines between trees. The average height of each clone before the cut, stub survival, bud height reached after three years of passage and the penetration resistance for each treatment immediately after the passages and after three years of the passages were evaluated. The higher traffic intensity tested affected the survival and growth of Populus deltoides. Topsoil and subsoil compaction were detected one year after traffic treatments, and remained three years later in the higher traffic intensity treatment.El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del tránsito de la maquinaria utilizada para la cosecha de madera, en la regeneración por tallar de plantaciones clónales de Populus deltoides Marsh. Los clones fueron "Stoneville 66", "Catfish 2", "Harvard" (I-63/51) y "Onda" (I-72/51), densidad equivalente a 1.111 árboles por hectárea, en un Argiudol típico. Se utilizó un tractor convencional (2WD) de 73,5 kW, formando un conjunto de tracción libre con un acoplado de dos ejes. La prueba estuvo conformada por 4 tratamientos, con tres intensidades de tránsito (1,5 y 10 pasadas del conjunto) y un testigo sin tránsito. Fueron evaluadas: la altura media dominante de cada clon antes del corte; la supervivencia de cepas; las alturas del brote dominante alcanzadas por cepa a los 3 años de realizadas las pasadas; resistencia a la penetración para cada tratamiento inmediatamente de realizadas las pasadas y a los 3 años de las mismas. El aumento del número de pasajes disturbó el suelo transitado, afectando consecuentemente la sobrevivencia y el crecimiento de los árboles. El factor identificado como disturbante fue la compactación superficial y subsuperficial que en las sendas con mayor intensidad de tránsito persistió a los tres años de realizada la experiencia.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

La mirada de la DIPBA (Dirección de Inteligencia de la Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires) sobre el movimiento estudiantil platense

La presente ponencia es fruto de un trabajo colectivo y multidisciplinario realizado por los becarios del Centro de Documentación, Archivo y Biblioteca de la Comisión Provincial por la Memoria. Durante los primeros meses de trabajo nos acercamos a la Mesa “A” Estudiantil-La Plata configurando un exhaustivo Auxiliar Descriptivo -de pronta publicación- sobre los Legajos que la componen. El caudal de lectura desarrollado y los derroteros de los miembros del Equipo de Investigación nos permitieron realizar algunas observaciones y preguntas sobre la construcción de un “otro” por parte de los agentes de la DIPBA.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Epidemiologic Features and Control Measures during Monkeypox Outbreak, Spain, June 2022

During June 2022, Spain was one of the countries most affected worldwide by a multicountry monkeypox outbreak with chains of transmission without identified links to disease-endemic countries. We provide epidemiologic features of cases reported in Spain and the coordinated measures taken to respond to this outbreak.S

Multiscale modelling for fusion and fission materials: the M4F project

The M4F project brings together the fusion and fission materials communities working on the prediction of radiation damage production and evolution and its effects on the mechanical behaviour of irradiated ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels. It is a multidisciplinary project in which several different experimental and computational materials science tools are integrated to understand and model the complex phenomena associated with the formation and evolution of irradiation induced defects and their effects on the macroscopic behaviour of the target materials. In particular the project focuses on two specific aspects: (1) To develop physical understanding and predictive models of the origin and consequences of localised deformation under irradiation in F/M steels; (2) To develop good practices and possibly advance towards the definition of protocols for the use of ion irradiation as a tool to evaluate radiation effects on materials. Nineteen modelling codes across different scales are being used and developed and an experimental validation programme based on the examination of materials irradiated with neutrons and ions is being carried out. The project enters now its 4th year and is close to delivering high-quality results. This paper overviews the work performed so far within the project, highlighting its impact for fission and fusion materials science.This work has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No. 755039 (M4F project)

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Development of innovative silicon radiation detectors

Silicon radiation detectors fabricated at the IMB-CNM (CSIC) Clean Room facilities using the most innovative techniques in detector technology are presented in this thesis. TCAD simulation comprises an important part in this work as becomes an essential tool to achieve exhaustive performance information of modelled detectors prior their fabrication and subsequent electrical characterization. Radiation tolerance is also investigated in this work using TCAD simulations through the potential and electric field distributions, leakage current and capacitance characteristics and the response of the detectors to the pass of different particles for charge collection efficiencies. Silicon detectors investigated in this thesis were developed for specific projects but also for applications in experiments which can benefit from their improved characteristics, as described in Chapter 1. Double-sided double type columns 3D (3D-DDTC) detectors have been developed under the NEWATLASPIXEL project in the framework of the CERN RD50 collaboration for the ATLAS Inner Detector upgrades and the introduction of a new pixel layer called Insertable B-Layer. The radiation tolerance of slim-edge (“edgeless”) detectors, whose current terminating structure reduces the insensitive area of detectors to 50 μm, for close-to-beam experiments like the TOTEM experiment at HL-LHC, have been simulated under the EU TOSTER project. Ultra-thin 3D detectors, which combine 3D detector technology and thin membrane fabrication process, are also studied in this work. They provide an alternative to the present Neutral Particle Analyzers at the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the ions detection for plasma diagnosis, and they are also being used in neutron detection experiments after being covered with any layer containing 10B whose high capture cross-section of thermal neutrons allows their detection through the emitted alpha. Finally, active-edge detectors have been studied for applications in X-ray beam positioning, X-ray sensors for beamstops and detectors with pad, microstrip and Medipix2 designs for research purposes