Co 15002: A potential fifth generation inbred derivative developed through inbreeding followed by hybridization and selection for sugarcane improvement

Among 129 clones evaluated along with standard varieties CoC 671 and Co 86032 in Pre-zonal varietal trial (PZVT) during 2014-15, the clone PZVT 13-175 recorded the highest cane yield of 143.52 t/ha which was significantly superior to both the standards. Consequently the clone was given Co status i.e. Co 15002 and was included in Initial Varietal Trial of All India Co-ordinated research Project on Sugarcane in Peninsular Zone along with 25 other test entries and four standards at 15 test locations during the year 2018-19. Co 15002 registered significantly higher sucrose content (19.43%) than the commercially released sugarcane variety CoSnk 05103 (18.96 %) and on par with the ruling variety Co 86032 (19.63 %) at 10th month crop maturity. Cane yield of Co 15002 (96.27 t/ha) was found to be on par with the recently released CoSnk 05103 (97.23 t/ha) and CoC 671 (99.30 t/ha). Co 15002 was screened for red rot, smut and yellow leaf diseases under natural and artificially inoculated conditions at Coimbatore, Pune, Kolhapur and Navsari. Under natural conditions, smut and yellow leaf diseases were not observed. Co 15002 was resistant or moderately resistant to red rot by both plug and nodal methods in all the test locations. In artificial inoculated conditions, Co 15002 showed resistance to moderately resistant reaction to smut. It recorded 20 % flowering intensity and low pollen fertility of 30 % with peak flowering during the first fortnight of November and can be used as a pistil parent in hybridization programmes

Variability and molecular diversity of wild sugarcane germplasm collected from low temperature regions Lohit and Changlang of Arunachal Pradesh

159-168Saccharum spontaneum L. is a perennial grass representing the most genetically diversified species in Saccharum genus. It has the potential to withstand severe biotic/abiotic stresses and frequently used as donor of stress tolerant genes in sugarcane improvement program through gene introgression. In this study, the phenotypic variation and molecular diversity of forty nine S. spontaneum accessions collected from Lohit and Changlang regions of Arunachal Pradesh, North Eastern India were investigated for morphometric traits and polymorphic STMS marker. The phenotypic coefficient of variation showed ample variability for the traits viz., plant height (27.19%), stalk diameter (28.21%), single cane weight (48.97%), internode number (22.60%) and internode length (29.15%). Further, twenty nine sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers generated 495 bands with an average of 14.06 polymorphic bands. The accessions specific bands in respect to specific marker combinations were identified. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients among these accessions ranged from 0.42 to 0.78 with an average of 0.58 and clustering using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic-average (UPGMA) showed two major clusters with subclusters. Similarly polulation structure analysis based Bayesian approach grouped the individuals into two subpopulations, with alpha value of 0.112. The study shows that S. spontaneum accessions collected from Arunachal Pradesh is highly diverse, most of them will be harbouring the genes for cold tolerance and biomass. The set of markers which produced specific bands for the specific accessions identified in the study will help in identification of the particular accessions. The accessions studied are potential source for cold tolerance and high biomass, the results obtained in the present study will definitely help in planning and utilising them in sugarcane improvement programme

Evaluation of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum phenolic ethereal oils for In-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities

Aim: The present study is aimed to evaluate in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity of phenolic ethereal oils like Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum). Materials and methods: A total of 500 g of fresh leaves and dried flower buds of Tulsi and Clove were subjected to hydro-distillation method for 6 h using Clevenger’s apparatus. The isolated ethereal oils were used for testing the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µl/ml and anti-bacterial activity against two gram positive microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative microorganisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) at concentrations 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml by adopting cup plate method. Results:  The isolated ethereal oils exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect and also inhibited the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms at 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml concentrations. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the effectiveness of Phenolic ethereal oils isolated from Clove and Tulsi. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) showed enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity compared to Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum). The present study provides evidence that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum; Phenolic ethereal oils contain medicinally important bioactive components justifying its traditional use. Keywords: Phenolic ethereal oils, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, Ociumm tenuiflorum, Syzygium aromaticum

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV