Study of Korea’s ASEAN Economic Diplomacy Policy (Since 2003)

2011年以来，东盟对韩国成为第二贸易国，而且主要ODA援助对象。还有“10+1”、“10+3”、RCEP（RegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnership）和2015年面临的东盟经济共同体出台等，东盟在韩国的重要性有很大的变化。而且在韩国居留的外国人数中30%多的东盟国家的人可以表示东盟对韩国非常有密切的存在。但是，在韩国国内对这样的情况其实很多数的人都不知道。因此，需要韩国与东盟的关系详细的分析和探讨。可是，东盟的重要性越来越增加，却由于韩国外交上占很大的部分安保外交，韩国外交政策建立的时候置于后续顺序。 其实，韩国对东盟经济的重要性的关注比其他东北亚国家...Since 2011, ASEAN became the second trade partner of South Korea, and main object ODA assistance. There are "10 + 1", "10 + 3", RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) and the 2015 introduction of the ASEAN Economic Community start ASEAN has changed a lot in the importance of South Korea. And the number of foreigners residing in Korea more than 30% of the people can be expressed in ASEA...学位：法学硕士院系专业：南洋研究院_国际关系学号：3022011115423

UVB Induces HIF-1α-Dependent TSLP Expression via the JNK and ERK Pathways

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may have a key role in the initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The present study revealed that UVB radiation exposure could induce TSLP expression in human keratinocytes and a human skin equivalent model. In addition, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of UVB-induced TSLP expression in keratinocytes. TSLP expression was upregulated by transfection with pcDNA3–hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α (P402A and P564A), which stably expresses HIF-1α protein. UVB-induced TSLP induction in keratinocytes was suppressed in the treatment of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors or small interfering RNAs against HIF-1α. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate the direct involvement of HIF-1α in UVB-mediated TSLP induction. Taken together, these findings indicate that UVB exposure may increase TSLP expression through a HIF-1α-dependent mechanism via the c-JUN N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in human keratinocytes. Our data showed that UVB-induced TSLP might increase secretion of the T-helper type 2–attracting chemokine (c–c motif) ligand 17 by human dendritic cells. The present study suggests an important role of HIF-1α in UVB-mediated immune response in keratinocytes

Integrative analysis identifies key molecular signatures underlying neurodevelopmental deficits in fragile X syndrome

BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by epigenetic silencing of FMR1 and loss of FMRP expression. Efforts to understand the molecular underpinnings of the disease have been largely performed in rodent or nonisogenic settings. A detailed examination of the impact of FMRP loss on cellular processes and neuronal properties in the context of isogenic human neurons remains lacking. METHODS: Using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 to introduce indels in exon 3 of FMR1, we generated an isogenic human pluripotent stem cell model of FXS that shows complete loss of FMRP expression. We generated neuronal cultures and performed genome-wide transcriptome and proteome profiling followed by functional validation of key dysregulated processes. We further analyzed neurodevelopmental and neuronal properties, including neurite length and neuronal activity, using multielectrode arrays and patch clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS: We showed that the transcriptome and proteome profiles of isogenic FMRP-deficient neurons demonstrate perturbations in synaptic transmission, neuron differentiation, cell proliferation and ion transmembrane transporter activity pathways, and autism spectrum disorder-associated gene sets. We uncovered key deficits in FMRP-deficient cells demonstrating abnormal neural rosette formation and neural progenitor cell proliferation. We further showed that FMRP-deficient neurons exhibit a number of additional phenotypic abnormalities, including neurite outgrowth and branching deficits and impaired electrophysiological network activity. These FMRP-deficient related impairments have also been validated in additional FXS patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cell neural cells. CONCLUSIONS: Using isogenic human pluripotent stem cells as a model to investigate the pathophysiology of FXS in human neurons, we reveal key neural abnormalities arising from the loss of FMRP.Peer reviewe

The Early Light Curve of a Type Ia Supernova 2021hpr in NGC 3147: Progenitor Constraints with the Companion Interaction Model

The progenitor system of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is expected to be a close binary system of a carbon/oxygen white dwarf (WD) and a non-degenerate star or another WD. Here, we present results from a high-cadence monitoring observation of SN 2021hpr in a spiral galaxy, NGC 3147, and constraints on the progenitor system based on its early multi-color light curve data. First, we classify SN 2021hpr as a normal SN Ia from its long-term photometric and spectroscopic data. More interestingly, we found a significant "early excess" in the light curve over a simple power-law $\sim t^{2}$ evolution. The early light curve evolves from blue to red and blue during the first week. To explain this, we fitted the early part of $BVRI$-band light curves with a two-component model of the ejecta-companion interaction and a simple power-law model. The early excess and its color can be explained by shock cooling emission due to a companion star having a radius of $8.84\pm0.58$$R_{\odot}$. We also examined HST pre-explosion images with no detection of a progenitor candidate, consistent with the above result. However, we could not detect signs of a significant amount of the stripped mass from a non-degenerate companion star ($\lesssim0.003\,M_{\odot}$ for H$\alpha$ emission). The early excess light in the multi-band light curve supports a non-degenerate companion in the progenitor system of SN 2021hpr. At the same time, the non-detection of emission lines opens a door for other methods to explain this event.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures + appendix, Accepted for publication in Ap

Association of Visceral Fat Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Myosteatosis with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease without Obesity

Background/Aims To investigate whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals without generalized obesity is associated with visceral fat obesity (VFO), sarcopenia, and/or myosteatosis. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 14,400 individuals (7,470 men) who underwent abdominal computed tomography scans during routine health examinations. The total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) and skeletal muscle area (SMA) at the 3rd lumbar vertebral level were measured. The SMA was divided into the normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA) and low attenuation muscle area, and the NAMA/TAMA index was calculated. VFO was defined by visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, sarcopenia by body mass index-adjusted SMA, and myosteatosis by the NAMA/TAMA index. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. Results Of the 14,400 individuals, 4,748 (33.0%) had NAFLD, and the prevalence of NAFLD among non-obese individuals was 21.4%. In regression analysis, both sarcopenia (men: odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.67, P<0.001; women: OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.40–1.90, P<0.001) and myosteatosis (men: OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.50, P=0,028; women: OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46, P=0.017) were significantly associated with non-obese NAFLD after considering for VFO and other various risk factors, whereas VFO (men: OR=3.97, 95% CI 3.43–4.59 [adjusted for sarcopenia], OR 3.98, 95% CI 3.44–4.60 [adjusted for myosteatosis]; women: OR=5.42, 95% CI 4.53–6.42 [adjusted for sarcopenia], OR=5.33, 95% CI 4.51–6.31 [adjusted for myosteatosis]; all P<0.001) was strongly associated with non-obese NAFLD after adjustment with various known risk factors. Conclusions In addition to VFO, sarcopenia and/or myosteatosis were significantly associated with non-obese NAFLD

Removal of Pb(II) from wastewater by biosorption using powdered waste sludge

Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes serious health problems. Nonetheless, it is increasingly being used for industrial applications and is often discharged into the environment without adequate purification. In this study, Pb(II) was removed by powdered waste sludge (PWS) based on the biosorption mechanism. Different PWSs were collected from a submerged moving media intermittent aeration reactor (SMMIAR) and modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) processes. The contents of extracellular polymeric substances were similar, but the surface area of MLE-PWS (2.07 m(2)/g) was higher than that of SMMIAR-PWS (0.82 m(2)/g); this is expected to be the main parameter determining Pb(II) biosorption capacity. The Bacillaceae family was dominant in both PWSs and may serve as the major responsible bacterial group for Pb(II) biosorption. Pb(II) biosorption using PWS was evaluated for reaction time, salinity effect, and isotherm equilibrium. For all experiments, MLE-PWS showed higher removal efficiency. At a fixed initial Pb(II) concentration of 20 mg/L and a reaction time of 180 minutes, the biosorption capacities (q(e)) for SMMIAR- and MLE-PWSs were 2.86 and 3.07 mg/g, respectively. Pb(II) biosorption using PWS was rapid; over 80% of the maximum biosorption capacity was achieved within 10 minutes. Interestingly, MLE-PWS showed enhanced Pb(II) biosorption with salinity values of up to 30 g NaCl/L. Linear regression of the Freundlich isotherm revealed high regression coefficients (R-2 &gt; 0.968). The fundamental Pb(II) biosorption capacity, represented by the K-F value, was consistently higher for MLE-PWS than SMMIAR-PWS

Thalassomonas ganghwensis sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, aerobic, halophilic bacterium, designated strain JC204 1(T), was isolated from a sediment sample of getbol, the Korean tidal flat. Results of 16S rDNA sequence analyses indicated a moderate relationship to Thalassomonas viridans within the gamma-Proteobacteria (94.9% similarity). Depending on the tree-making algorithm used, the isolate either formed a monophyletic clade with T viridans or was recovered as a sister group of a class containing the genera Thalassomonas and Colwellia. Phenotypic features of the getbol isolate were similar to those of T viridans, but several physiological and chemotaxonomic properties, including nitrate reduction, amylase, lecithinase, Tweenase and utilization of 13 carbon sources, distinguished strain JC2041(T) from T viridans. The polyphasic data presented in this study indicate that the isolate should be classified as a novel species in the genus Thalassomonas. The name Thalassomonas ganghwensis sp. nov. is therefore proposed for the getbol isolate; the type strain is JC2041T (=IMSNU 14005(T)=KCTC 12041(T) = DSIVI 15355(T)).

Aestuariibacter salexigens gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aestuariibacter halophilus sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment, and emended description of Alteromonas macleodii

Two strictly aerobic, halophilic strains of the gamma-Proteobacteria, designated JC2042(T) and JC2043(T) were obtained from a sediment sample of getbol, the Korean tidal flat. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence studies revealed that the test strains were related most closely to the type strains of the genera Alteromonas (93.5-95.5%) and Glaciecola (91.1-93.3%). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strains JC2042(T) and JC2043(T) formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Alteromonadaceae and clustered distantly with the genera Alteromonas and Glaciecola. Physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data also indicated that the two getbol isolates were significantly different from members of these two genera and others with validly published names. Cells were rod-shaped and motile with a polar flagellum. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q8. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C-16:0, C(18:1)omega7c and a mixture of C(16:1)omega7c and iso-C-15:0 2-OH. DNA G + C contents were 48-54 mol%. On the basis of this polyphasic study, Aestuariibacter gen. nov. is proposed with two novel species, Aestuariibacter salexigens sp. nov. (type strain, JC2042(T) = IMSNU 14006(T) = KCTC 12042(T) = DSM 15300(T)) and Aestuariibacter halophilus sp. nov. (type strain, JC2043(T) = IMSNU 14007(T) = KCTC 12043(T) = DSM 15266(T)). Aestuariibacter salexigens is the type species of the genus. In addition, an emended description of Alteromonas macleodii is proposed.