The Synergistic Effect of Chloride Ion and 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5 M Sulfuric Acid: Experimental and Theoretical Insights

International audienceThe inhibition efficiency of 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene (1,5DNA) compound was studied by itself as well as in a mixture that included sodium chloride (NaCl), noted [1.5DNA][Cl−], for mild steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. Gravimetric, electrochemical techniques and computational chemistry calculations were utilized for the assessment of corrosion inhibition efficiency and explanation of the mechanism involved during the corrosion inhibition process. The results show that inhibition efficiencies on mild steel increase with increase in concentration of the inhibitor and enhancement in inhibition efficiency was observed on addition of sodium chloride due to synergism. This inhibition has been attributed to the stabilization of adsorbed inhibitor film and, consequently, increasing its inhibitive properties. The [1.5DNA][Cl−] acts as mixed type inhibitor and the Nyquist curves show that with the increase in the concentration, the charge transfer resistance Rct increased. In addition, [1.5DNA][Cl−] obeyed Langmuir monolayer adsorption isotherm. Moreover, Molecular Dynamic Simulations and DFT calculations showed that [1.5DNA][Cl−] owned a higher adsorption ability

A high-resolution map of the Nile tilapia genome: a resource for studying cichlids and other percomorphs

Background: The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the second most farmed fish species worldwide. It is also an important model for studies of fish physiology, particularly because of its broad tolerance to an array of environments. It is a good model to study evolutionary mechanisms in vertebrates, because of its close relationship to haplochromine cichlids, which have undergone rapid speciation in East Africa. The existing genomic resources for Nile tilapia include a genetic map, BAC end sequences and ESTs, but comparative genome analysis and maps of quantitative trait loci (QTL) are still limited. Results: We have constructed a high-resolution radiation hybrid (RH) panel for the Nile tilapia and genotyped 1358 markers consisting of 850 genes, 82 markers corresponding to BAC end sequences, 154 microsatellites and 272 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). From these, 1296 markers could be associated in 81 RH groups, while 62 were not linked. The total size of the RH map is 34,084 cR3500 and 937,310 kb. It covers 88% of the entire genome with an estimated inter-marker distance of 742 Kb. Mapping of microsatellites enabled integration to the genetic map. We have merged LG8 and LG24 into a single linkage group, and confirmed that LG16-LG21 are also merged. The orientation and association of RH groups to each chromosome and LG was confirmed by chromosomal in situ hybridizations (FISH) of 55 BACs. Fifty RH groups were localized on the 22 chromosomes while 31 remained small orphan groups. Synteny relationships were determined between Nile tilapia, stickleback, medaka and pufferfish. Conclusion:The RH map and associated FISH map provide a valuable gene-ordered resource for gene mapping and QTL studies. All genetic linkage groups with their corresponding RH groups now have a corresponding chromosome which can be identified in the karyotype. Placement of conserved segments indicated that multiple inter-chromosomal rearrangements have occurred between Nile tilapia and the other model fishes. These maps represent a valuable resource for organizing the forthcoming genome sequence of Nile tilapia, and provide a foundation for evolutionary studies of East African cichlid fishes.Additional co-authors: Thomas D Kocher, Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, Jean Francois Baroiller and Francis Galiber

The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish

Cichlid fishes are famous for large, diverse and replicated adaptive radiations in the Great Lakes of East Africa. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cichlid phenotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of five lineages of African cichlids: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an ancestral lineage with low diversity; and four members of the East African lineage: Neolamprologus brichardi/pulcher (older radiation, Lake Tanganyika), Metriaclima zebra (recent radiation, Lake Malawi), Pundamilia nyererei (very recent radiation, Lake Victoria), and Astatotilapia burtoni (riverine species around Lake Tanganyika). We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs. In addition, we analysed sequence data from sixty individuals representing six closely related species from Lake Victoria, and show genome-wide diversifying selection on coding and regulatory variants, some of which were recruited from ancient polymorphisms. We conclude that a number of molecular mechanisms shaped East African cichlid genomes, and that amassing of standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitating subsequent evolutionary diversification

Comparative analysis of the genomes of major aquaculture species by RH mapping and identification of olfactory recept repertoires (OR) and TAAR cichlidsor

La construction de cartes de génomes consiste à baliser les chromosomes par des repères : les marqueurs. Plus une carte est dense en marqueurs régulièrement espacés, plus elle est informative et donc plus les applications ultérieures sont nombreuses. Parmi les différentes stratégies de cartographie, celle exploitant les hybrides d'irradiation dite carte RH, présente de nombreux avantages. Ainsi, des marqueurs polymorphes tels que les microsatellites, utiles pour les analyses de liaisons génétiques et des marqueurs de gènes, polymorphes ou non polymorphes permettant d'établir des cartes comparées avec d'autres génomes et définir des zones de conservation ou de rupture de synténie, peuvent être localisés sur une carte RH. Ces cartes comparées sont utiles non seulement pour l'identification de gènes d'intérêts mais également pour l'étude de l'évolution des génomes. Parmi les nombreux vertébrés d’intérêt, nous nous sommes particulièrement attachés à la construction de cartes RH de poissons et de cichlidés en particulier. Ceux-ci constituent en effet un modèle génétique très intéressant du point de vue économique et évolutif. La réalisation de cartes des génomes de plusieurs poissons devrait aider à l'identification de gènes impliqués dans des traits phénotypiques ou pathologiques voire même des marqueurs liés aux stress et à la reproduction. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à construire une carte du génome du bar, un panel RH de tilapia et la carte RH attenante qui a été utilisée dans la phase finale de l’assemblage des données de séquence du génome de Tilapia. Par ailleurs nous avons construit un panel RH d’esturgeon et un autre d’huitre. La cartographie du génome de tilapia, réalisée dans le cadre d’un consortium international, nous a donné un accès privilégié aux données de séquences des génomes de cinq cichlidés (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra) et nous a permis de participer à l’annotation de ces séquences génomiques en nous intéressant plus particulièrement à l’identification des répertoires des gènes codant pour les récepteurs olfactifs (OR) et les récepteurs connus sous le vocable de TAAR pour ‘ Trace Amine-Associated Receptors’. C’est ainsi que nous avons identifié et caractérisé 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 gènes OR et 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 gènes TAAR dans les génomes de ces cinq poissons (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra)The construction of genome maps consists in placing tags, called markers, on the chromosomes. The denser in evenly spaced markers is a map, the more it is informative, leading to the development of more future applications. Among the different mapping strategies, those using radiation hybrids (RH) have numerous advantages. Indeed, polymorphic markers such as microsatellites, useful for linkage analyses, as well as gene markers, polymorphic or not and allowing comparative mapping with other genomes and definition of synteny breaks and conservation, can be localized on a RH map. Not only these maps are useful to identify genes of interest but they are also essential tools to study genome evolution. Among numerous vertebrates of interest, we constructed RH maps of fishes and cichlids in particular. Indeed these fishes constitute interesting genetic models from economical and evolution points of view. Having genome maps of several of these fishes would help to identify genes implicated in phenotypical or pathological traits, or even markers linked to stress and reproduction. My thesis work consisted in the construction of a genome map of the sea bass, a tilapia RH panel and its RH map, a sturgeon RH panel as well as an oyster RH panel. The tilapia map was used for the assembly of the sequencing data of the tilapia genome. Thanks to this last work realized with an international consortium we had a privileged access to the sequencing data of five cichlid genomes (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi and M. zebra). We then participated to the annotation of these genomic sequences. In particular we have identified and characterized the olfactory receptor gene (OR) repertoires and of the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) gene repertoires of these five cichlids. Which are then made of 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 OR genes and 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 TAAR genes respectively

Analyse comparative des génomes d’espèces majeures pour l’aquaculture par cartographie RH et Identification des répertoires des récepteurs olfactifs (OR) et TAAR des cichlides

The construction of genome maps consists in placing tags, called markers, on the chromosomes. The denser in evenly spaced markers is a map, the more it is informative, leading to the development of more future applications. Among the different mapping strategies, those using radiation hybrids (RH) have numerous advantages. Indeed, polymorphic markers such as microsatellites, useful for linkage analyses, as well as gene markers, polymorphic or not and allowing comparative mapping with other genomes and definition of synteny breaks and conservation, can be localized on a RH map. Not only these maps are useful to identify genes of interest but they are also essential tools to study genome evolution. Among numerous vertebrates of interest, we constructed RH maps of fishes and cichlids in particular. Indeed these fishes constitute interesting genetic models from economical and evolution points of view. Having genome maps of several of these fishes would help to identify genes implicated in phenotypical or pathological traits, or even markers linked to stress and reproduction. My thesis work consisted in the construction of a genome map of the sea bass, a tilapia RH panel and its RH map, a sturgeon RH panel as well as an oyster RH panel. The tilapia map was used for the assembly of the sequencing data of the tilapia genome. Thanks to this last work realized with an international consortium we had a privileged access to the sequencing data of five cichlid genomes (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi and M. zebra). We then participated to the annotation of these genomic sequences. In particular we have identified and characterized the olfactory receptor gene (OR) repertoires and of the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) gene repertoires of these five cichlids. Which are then made of 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 OR genes and 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 TAAR genes respectively.La construction de cartes de génomes consiste à baliser les chromosomes par des repères : les marqueurs. Plus une carte est dense en marqueurs régulièrement espacés, plus elle est informative et donc plus les applications ultérieures sont nombreuses. Parmi les différentes stratégies de cartographie, celle exploitant les hybrides d'irradiation dite carte RH, présente de nombreux avantages. Ainsi, des marqueurs polymorphes tels que les microsatellites, utiles pour les analyses de liaisons génétiques et des marqueurs de gènes, polymorphes ou non polymorphes permettant d'établir des cartes comparées avec d'autres génomes et définir des zones de conservation ou de rupture de synténie, peuvent être localisés sur une carte RH. Ces cartes comparées sont utiles non seulement pour l'identification de gènes d'intérêts mais également pour l'étude de l'évolution des génomes. Parmi les nombreux vertébrés d’intérêt, nous nous sommes particulièrement attachés à la construction de cartes RH de poissons et de cichlidés en particulier. Ceux-ci constituent en effet un modèle génétique très intéressant du point de vue économique et évolutif. La réalisation de cartes des génomes de plusieurs poissons devrait aider à l'identification de gènes impliqués dans des traits phénotypiques ou pathologiques voire même des marqueurs liés aux stress et à la reproduction. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à construire une carte du génome du bar, un panel RH de tilapia et la carte RH attenante qui a été utilisée dans la phase finale de l’assemblage des données de séquence du génome de Tilapia. Par ailleurs nous avons construit un panel RH d’esturgeon et un autre d’huitre. La cartographie du génome de tilapia, réalisée dans le cadre d’un consortium international, nous a donné un accès privilégié aux données de séquences des génomes de cinq cichlidés (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra) et nous a permis de participer à l’annotation de ces séquences génomiques en nous intéressant plus particulièrement à l’identification des répertoires des gènes codant pour les récepteurs olfactifs (OR) et les récepteurs connus sous le vocable de TAAR pour ‘ Trace Amine-Associated Receptors’. C’est ainsi que nous avons identifié et caractérisé 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 gènes OR et 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 gènes TAAR dans les génomes de ces cinq poissons (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra

Are the Olfactory Receptors Present at the Sperm Membrane Involved in Reproduction?

International audienceOlfactory receptors (ORs), key components in ensuring the detection of myriad odorants, are expressed not only on the surface of olfactory neurons but also in many other tissues. In the case of ORs expressed at the sperm membrane, in vitro experiments with human and mouse spermatozoids have shown that they move toward the regions with the highest concentration of bourgeonal and lyral, respectively. However, to date, no in vivo experiment has shown any biological function of these ORs. To demonstrate a possible role in vivo of ORs in sperm chemotaxis, we overloaded the vaginal space of female mice from the prolific Swiss CD1 strain with lyral to induce competition with the supposed natural ligand and to prevent its detection. As shown, the mice that received lyral had much fewer newborns than the control mice treated with PBS, showing that lyral has a strong negative impact on procreation. This indicates that the ORs at the sperm surface are biologically active and make an important contribution to reproduction. Control experiments performed with hexanal, which does not alter sperm movement in vitro, indicate that the inhibition of reproduction observed was specific to lyral. In addition, we show that males are attracted to the smell of lyral, which acts as a pheromone, and prefer to copulate with mice marked on their back with lyral rather than with those that have not been marked. These results suggest an explanation for some cases of human infertility, which could result from an absence of recognition between the natural ligand and the ORs, either due to a mutation or a lack of expression from one of the two partners, allowing for the development of a diagnostic tests. These results might also lead to the development of a novel contraception strategy based on the use of vaginal tablets delivering an odorant or a drug that competes with the natural ligand

Analyse comparative des génomes d'espèces majeures pour l'aquaculture par cartographie RH et Identification des répertoires des récepteurs olfactifs (OR) et TAAR des cichlides

La construction de cartes de génomes consiste à baliser les chromosomes par des repères : les marqueurs. Plus une carte est dense en marqueurs régulièrement espacés, plus elle est informative et donc plus les applications ultérieures sont nombreuses. Parmi les différentes stratégies de cartographie, celle exploitant les hybrides d'irradiation dite carte RH, présente de nombreux avantages. Ainsi, des marqueurs polymorphes tels que les microsatellites, utiles pour les analyses de liaisons génétiques et des marqueurs de gènes, polymorphes ou non polymorphes permettant d'établir des cartes comparées avec d'autres génomes et définir des zones de conservation ou de rupture de synténie, peuvent être localisés sur une carte RH. Ces cartes comparées sont utiles non seulement pour l'identification de gènes d'intérêts mais également pour l'étude de l'évolution des génomes. Parmi les nombreux vertébrés d intérêt, nous nous sommes particulièrement attachés à la construction de cartes RH de poissons et de cichlidés en particulier. Ceux-ci constituent en effet un modèle génétique très intéressant du point de vue économique et évolutif. La réalisation de cartes des génomes de plusieurs poissons devrait aider à l'identification de gènes impliqués dans des traits phénotypiques ou pathologiques voire même des marqueurs liés aux stress et à la reproduction. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à construire une carte du génome du bar, un panel RH de tilapia et la carte RH attenante qui a été utilisée dans la phase finale de l assemblage des données de séquence du génome de Tilapia. Par ailleurs nous avons construit un panel RH d esturgeon et un autre d huitre. La cartographie du génome de tilapia, réalisée dans le cadre d un consortium international, nous a donné un accès privilégié aux données de séquences des génomes de cinq cichlidés (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra) et nous a permis de participer à l annotation de ces séquences génomiques en nous intéressant plus particulièrement à l identification des répertoires des gènes codant pour les récepteurs olfactifs (OR) et les récepteurs connus sous le vocable de TAAR pour Trace Amine-Associated Receptors . C est ainsi que nous avons identifié et caractérisé 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 gènes OR et 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 gènes TAAR dans les génomes de ces cinq poissons (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi et M. zebra)The construction of genome maps consists in placing tags, called markers, on the chromosomes. The denser in evenly spaced markers is a map, the more it is informative, leading to the development of more future applications. Among the different mapping strategies, those using radiation hybrids (RH) have numerous advantages. Indeed, polymorphic markers such as microsatellites, useful for linkage analyses, as well as gene markers, polymorphic or not and allowing comparative mapping with other genomes and definition of synteny breaks and conservation, can be localized on a RH map. Not only these maps are useful to identify genes of interest but they are also essential tools to study genome evolution. Among numerous vertebrates of interest, we constructed RH maps of fishes and cichlids in particular. Indeed these fishes constitute interesting genetic models from economical and evolution points of view. Having genome maps of several of these fishes would help to identify genes implicated in phenotypical or pathological traits, or even markers linked to stress and reproduction. My thesis work consisted in the construction of a genome map of the sea bass, a tilapia RH panel and its RH map, a sturgeon RH panel as well as an oyster RH panel. The tilapia map was used for the assembly of the sequencing data of the tilapia genome. Thanks to this last work realized with an international consortium we had a privileged access to the sequencing data of five cichlid genomes (O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi and M. zebra). We then participated to the annotation of these genomic sequences. In particular we have identified and characterized the olfactory receptor gene (OR) repertoires and of the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) gene repertoires of these five cichlids. Which are then made of 158, 88, 90, 69, 102 OR genes and 45, 19, 23, 12, 20 TAAR genes respectively.RENNES1-Bibl. électronique (352382106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Inventory of the cichlid olfactory receptor gene repertoires: identification of olfactory genes with more than one coding exon

International audienceBACKGROUND: To help understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable phenotypic diversity displayed by cichlids, the genome sequences of O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi and M. zebra were recently determined. Here, we present the contents of the olfactory receptor (OR) repertoires in the genomes of these five fishes. RESULTS: We performed an exhaustive TBLASTN search of the five cichlid genomes to identify their OR repertoires as completely as possible. We used as bait a set of ORs described in the literature. The cichlid repertoires thereby extracted contained large numbers of complete genes (O. niloticus 158; H. burtoni 90; M. zebra 102; N. brichardi 69; P. nyererei 88), a small numbers of pseudogenes and many "edge genes" corresponding to incomplete genes located at the ends of contigs. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and showed these repertoires include a large number of families and subfamilies. It also allowed the identification of a large number of OR analogues between cichlids with very high amino-acid identity (≥99%). Nearly 9% of the full-length cichlid OR genes are composed of several coding exons. This is very unusual for vertebrate OR genes. Nevertheless, the evidence is strong, and includes the donor and acceptor splice junction sequences; also, the positions of these genes in the phylogenetic tree indicate that they constitute subfamilies well apart from non-OR G protein-coupled receptor families. CONCLUSIONS: Cichlid OR repertoires are made up of a larger number of genes and fewer pseudogenes than those in other teleosts except zebrafish. These ORs share all identified properties common to all fish ORs; however, the large number of families and subfamilies, each containing few ORs implies that they have evolved more rapidly. This high level of OR diversity is consistent with the substantial phenotypic diversity that characterizes cichlids