Offshore Wind Feasibility Study in India

Offshore wind provides a scalable alternative to conventional energy resources. This chapter provides an insight into various activities of Ministry of Earth Sciences for the realization of offshore wind in India. To understand the hurdles in policy frame work for offshore wind, the evolution of onshore wind policy is analyzed and suitable strategies for offshore wind are proposed. Wind resource assessment results indicated a high offshore potential at Kanyakumari, Rameshwaram, Gulf of Khambhat, and Gulf of Kutch. Commercial viability studies showed levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of around Rs 10/kWh at identified sites for an internal rate of return (IRR) of 14%. Offshore light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based data collection platform has been installed at Gulf of Khambhat and Kutch to obtain bankable wind data for the development of offshore wind farms. A preliminary design of substructure by exploring different concepts like monopile, jacket, and gravity-based foundations was carried out based on their suitability for site-specific environmental and soil data. The port facilities along Gujarat and Tamil Nadu coast were assessed, and installation methodology was developed considering marine spread along the Indian coast

An approach to operational risk modeling and estimation of safety levels for deep water work class remotely operated vehicle—A case study with reference to ROSUB 6000

This paper presents a quantitative approach to operational risk modeling and estimation of safety integrity levels, required for the deep water electric work class remotely operated vehicle with reference to ROSUB6000 developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, India. ROSUB6000 is used for carrying out bathymetric surveys, gas hydrate surveys, poly-metallic nodule exploration, salvage operations, and meeting emergency response situations. The system is expected to be in operation for a period of 300h per year, and has to be extremely safe and reliable. Methods and models for the quantitative assessment of operational safety and estimation of safety integrity levels for ROV are seldom available in the deep water intervention industry. The safety instrumented functions implemented in the ROV should be able to meet the SIL requirements of specific mission. This study indicates that the required safety factors are implemented into the design of the state-of-the-art ROV ROSUB 6000, considering IEC 61508/61511 recommendations on Health, Safety and Environment and it is found that the system is able to meet the required SIL for seven identified functions. This paper gives the design and safety engineers in the ROV industry, an overview of the numerical operational risk assessment methods and safety-centered ROV engineering

Design and field validation of Lagrangian drifters with INSAT communication for oceanographic and meteorological applications.

323-327<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"="" lang="EN-US">National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) has successfully indigenously developed the Lagrangian drifter buoy which is built with geostationary based Indian satellite communication module for Meteorological/Oceanographic applications and it has been named Pradyu. The drifter buoy-Pradyu has been successfully interfaced with NTC type Sea Surface Temperature (SST) sensor, Smart GPS receiver, INSAT communication modem and designed with holy sock drogue acting as the sea anchor which was fabricated using nylon collapsible cordura material. Drifter buoy was indigenized following internationally accepted measurement scheme and data transmission protocol, which are mandatory on usage of data by international scientific community. This article consists of the design and field validation performed to evaluate in-house developed spherical Lagrangian drifter buoy.</span

Underwater communication implementation with OFDM

259-266Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an emerging technology in wireless communication for high data rate. It is a special form of multi-carrier communication technique which is the platform for modern communication systems. Underwater channel is a time varying multipath channel causing Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) and fading. Due to the detrimental effect of time and frequency spreading, achieving high data rate in underwater wireless communication is challenging. This paper investigates on how OFDM finds its suitability for wireless underwater communication. The wireless underwater communication with OFDM scheme was tested using underwater transducers in a water tank and the results are presented.</span