5 research outputs found
Does the history of food energy units suggest a solution to "Calorie confusion"?
- Author
- A Ganot
- AE Harper
- AE Kennelly
- Anonymous
- Anonymous
- Anonymous
- AT Jones
- BL Nichols
- CC Gillispie
- CG Foster
- CG Foster
- G Lusk
- HL Callendar
- HP Armsby
- Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Macronutrients.
- J Ogilvie
- J Payen
- J Pearsall
- James L Hargrove
- JH Raymond
- JL Hargrove
- JP Poirier
- JR Mayer
- JR Partington
- KJ Carpenter
- L Medard
- LH Peters
- LN Bescherelle
- M Berthelot
- M Kleiber
- M Rubner
- M Rubner
- M Rubner
- McLaughlin
- MR Ziegler
- National Research Council (U.S.). Food and Nutrition Board.
- P Lervig
- PA Favre
- R Fox
- R Fox
- RE Zupko
- RS Goodhart
- SR Ames
- W Henneberg
- W Thomson
- WH Keesom
- WO Atwater
- WO Atwater
- WO Atwater
- Publication venue
- BioMed Central
- Publication date
- 01/01/2007
- Field of study
The Calorie (kcal) of present U.S. food labels is similar to the original French definition of 1825. The original published source (now available on the internet) defined the Calorie as the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water from 0 to 1°C. The Calorie originated in studies concerning fuel efficiency for the steam engine and had entered dictionaries by 1840. It was the only energy unit in English dictionaries available to W.O. Atwater in 1887 for his popular articles on food and tables of food composition. Therefore, the Calorie became the preferred unit of potential energy in nutrition science and dietetics, but was displaced when the joule, g-calorie and kcal were introduced. This article will explain the context in which Nicolas Clément-Desormes defined the original Calorie and the depth of his collaboration with Sadi Carnot. It will review the history of other energy units and show how the original Calorie was usurped during the period of international standardization. As a result, no form of the Calorie is recognized as an SI unit. It is untenable to continue to use the same word for different thermal units (g-calorie and kg-calorie) and to use different words for the same unit (Calorie and kcal). The only valid use of the Calorie is in common speech and public nutrition education. To avoid ongoing confusion, scientists should complete the transition to the joule and cease using kcal in any context
Left circumflex coronary artery fistula to the superior vena cava: assessment of the exact anatomy by multidetector CT
- Author
- A Vitarelli
- AM Alkhulaifi
- Annett Magedanz
- Axel Schmermund
- Bernd Nowak
- C Mavroudis
- CC Chen
- D Ropers
- DC Levin
- DL Cheung
- E Ercan
- ED Fernandez
- GJ Hong
- HH Bauer
- Hubert Gufler
- JE Lowe
- JM Schleich
- JS Sandhu
- LR Armsby
- M Brueck
- M Nakamura
- M Schmid
- NJ Goswami
- O Yamanaka
- RR Liberthson
- RT Grant
- RT Grant
- SA Said
- SA Said
- SB Perry
- SP Griffiths
- T Voigtlander
- Thomas Voigtlander
- U Aydogan
- WC Roberts
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
A Constructivist View of a Major Developmental Shift in Early Childhood
- Author
- A Baldwin
- AL Benton
- AR Luria
- B Rothenberg
- Borke H. Interpersonal perception of young children
- C Cofer
- CC Spiker
- CC Spiker
- CP Baldwin
- CU Shantz
- D Drake
- D Elkind
- D Zeaman
- DE Berlyne
- DE Berlyne
- DM Irwin
- DR Brian
- E Schopler
- EV Sullivan
- FC Bartlett
- GA Miller
- H Borke
- H Borke
- H Borke
- H Davidson
- H Werner
- HD Fishbein
- HH Kendler
- HP Davidson
- HW Reese
- J Huttenlocher
- J Piaget
- J Piaget
- J Piaget
- J Piaget
- J Piaget
- J Piaget
- JH Flavell
- JH Flavell
- JH Flavell
- JMV Hunt
- K Lovell
- Klein R. Some factors influencing empathy in six and seven year old children varying in ethnic background
- L Kohlberg
- LF Vygotsky
- LL Emerson
- M Cole
- M Fink
- M King
- MJ Chandler
- MJ Chandler
- MR Kuenne
- MW Weir
- N Bayley
- ND Feshbach
- NJ Mackintosh
- PR Hofstaetter
- PW Hebble
- R Devries
- RA Chase
- RC Johnson
- RE Armsby
- RL Selman
- RW Brown
- S Breznitz
- S Diamond
- SG Paris
- SG Paris
- SG Paris
- SH White
- SH White
- SH White
- SM Ervin
- TS Kendler
- ZS Masangkay
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/1977
- Field of study
Human and Murine Phenotypes Associated with Defects in Cation-Chloride Cotransport
- Author
- Andermann F
- Armsby CC
- Barry ELR
- Behnke R
- Bernstein PI
- Bize I
- Bize I
- Bostanjoglo M
- Casaubon LK
- Costanzo LS
- Crouch JJ
- Cruz D
- DeFazio RA
- Delpire E
- Delpire E
- Delpire E
- Dobyns WB
- Ecelbarger CA
- Ecelbarger CA
- Evans RL
- Fernandez-Llama P
- Fukuda A
- Gamba G
- Garay RP
- Giménez I
- Ginns SM
- Gitelman HJ
- Grubb BR
- Haas M
- Hoenderop JG
- Huguenard JR
- Igarashi P
- Igarashi P
- Jarolimek W
- Kaissling B
- Kaji D
- Karadsheh MF
- Kim GH
- Klemm SA
- Knepper MA
- Konrad M
- Krarup T
- Kunchaparty S
- Labrisseau A
- Lauf PK
- Lauf PK
- Lovinger DM
- Luhmann HJ
- Lytle C
- Lytle C
- Lytle C
- Mastroianni N
- Mathieu J
- McGoron AJ
- Mercado A
- Mercado A
- Mount DB
- Mount DB
- Mount DB
- Mount DB
- Nielsen S
- Obermüller N
- Orlov SN
- Orringer EP
- Owens DF
- Payne JA
- Plata C
- Plata C
- Plotkin MD
- Plotkin MD
- Race JE
- Randall J
- Rohrbough J
- Russell JM
- Schwartz RS
- Scott DA
- Simon DB
- Singer JH
- Song L
- Stanton BA
- Stanton BA
- Starke LC
- Strange K
- Su W
- Sung K-W
- Tsuruoka S
- Vandewalle A
- Vardi N
- Verlander JW
- Vu TQ
- Wall SM
- Wang T
- Woo N-S
- Wu Q
- Xu JZ
- Yang T
- Publication venue
- 'Annual Reviews'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Der Stoffwechsel der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere
- Author
- (804)Schwarz L.
- 27) Meyerhof
- 38) Miura
- A Bauer
- A Bertrand
- A Bertrand
- A Durig
- A Durig
- A Embden
- A Fürstenberg
- A Hammet
- A Hopffe
- A Hopffe
- A Hopffe
- A Hopffe
- A Isaac
- A Krogh
- A Landsberg
- A Lebedeff
- A Lindsay
- A Lindsay
- A Lindsay
- A Magnus-Levy
- A Meltzer
- A Minot
- A Scheunert
- A Scheunert
- A Stutzer
- A Zaitschek
- a) Neuberg
- a) Steuber M.,, H. Stotz
- a) Underhill
- a b) Parnass, Baer
- Abderhalden
- Abderhalden
- Abel Rowntree, Turner
- Abelin
- AC Andersen
- AC Andersen
- Acetonkörper
- Acetonkörper
- Acetonkörper
- Acetonkörper
- Achard
- Ackerson Blish, Mussehe
- Addis Mckay, Mckay
- Adler
- AE Vinson
- AG Hogan
- Agadschanianz
- AJ Winter
- AK Kellner
- AL Lavoisier
- Albert
- Alberti
- Albertoni
- Aldehoff
- Allen
- Alwens
- Anselm
- AR Henriques
- Araki
- Arch
- Armsby Fries, Braman
- Aron
- Aron
- Asada
- Aschner
- Asher
- Aston
- Aston
- Atzler
- B Ackerson
- B Asher
- B Asher
- B Asher
- B Baer
- B Baer
- B Baer
- B Baer
- B Baer
- B Baer
- B Baer
- B Banting
- B Banting
- B Banting
- B Barkan
- B Bertrand
- B Bertrand
- B Embden
- B Fletcher
- B Folie
- B Folie
- B Frank
- B Kuhn
- B Léprne
- B Mendel
- B Mendel
- B Nash
- B Nash
- B Nash
- B Parnass
- B Richter
- B Rose
- B Scheunert
- B Schick
- B Schütz
- B Shohl
- B Siebeck
- B Stassano
- B Supplee
- B Tacke
- B Tacke
- B Tacke
- B Thannhauser
- B Wolgemuth
- Bachelor Fennel, Thomson, Drinker
- Baer
- Bailey Davidson, Bunting
- Bain-Bridge
- Baldi
- Balls
- Bang
- Bang Ljungdahl, Bohm
- Banting Best, Collip, Campell, Fletcher
- Barcroft
- Barkan
- Barkan
- Barkan
- Barkus
- Barral
- Barrenscheen
- Bartels
- Bartsch
- Bauer
- Baur Kuxn, Wacker
- Beard
- Beard Myers, Shipley
- Behrens
- Behrens
- Beijerjnck
- Bell
- Bendix
- Benedict
- Benedict
- Benett
- Bergeim
- Bergmann
- Bertrand
- Bertrand
- Bertrand
- Bertrand
- Bertrand Nakamura
- Berwig
- Best (Dale Host, Marks)
- Bethe
- Bial
- Bial
- Bial
- Biberfeld
- Bierry
- Bierry
- Birckner
- Bischoff
- Bischoff
- Bissinger
- Bissinger Lesser, Zipf
- Blatherwick
- Blatherwick
- Blazzo
- Blum
- Blum
- Blum
- Blum Aubel, Hausknecht
- Bodansky
- Bodansky
- Bodansky
- Boe
- Boenheim
- Bogdanow
- Bogendörfer
- Borchard
- Boresch
- Boussinggault
- Bradley
- Brandenburg
- Brann
- Breest
- Breest
- Briggs
- Briggs
- Briggs
- Browinski
- Brugsch Dresel, Lewy
- Brune
- Bruylants
- Brücke
- Buchholz
- Buckner Martin, Peter
- Buckner Martin, Pierce, Peter
- Busa Christianson, Douglas, Haldane, Barr
- Butschlt
- Béhal
- Bödeckes. Troschel
- Böhne
- Bömu
- Bönninger
- Bönninger
- Börnstein
- C Abelrn
- C Bernard
- C Bernard
- C Bernard
- C Brahm
- C Brahm
- C Brahm
- C Corri
- C Corri
- C Dahm
- C Gautier
- C Gautier
- C Gley
- C Kahlenberg
- C Ludwig
- C Lumière
- C Oppenheimer
- C Speck
- C Telfer
- C Underhill
- C Von
- C Von
- C Von
- C Wallace
- C Wither
- C. r. Acad
- Cahn
- Cahn
- Cameron
- Cameron
- Caparelli
- Carlson Room, Mackie
- Cathcart
- CC Asher
- Cerny
- Cerny
- Chatin
- Chatin
- Chossat
- Christianson Douglas, Haldane
- Church
- Church
- Clark
- Cloetta
- Cohn
- Cohnheim
- Cohnheim
- Collazo Haendel, Rubino
- Collip
- Conti
- Cori
- Corlette
- Corley
- Costantino
- Cramer
- Cremer
- Creveld Van, Brinkmann
- Cristol
- Cuenca
- Czapek
- Czonka
- D Bell
- D Blarez
- D Brinkmann
- D Brinkmann
- D Carlsson
- D Corral
- D Dominicis
- D Heide
- D Kalbematten
- D Maurer
- D Mccollum
- D Michaelis
- D Michaelis
- D Pappenhetier
- D Paz
- D Quervain
- D Rimington
- D Rona
- D Schwarz
- D Thannhauser
- D Vries
- Dakin
- Dakin
- Dakin
- Dakin
- Dakin
- Dakin
- Dakin
- Dale
- Damiens
- Damman
- Damn u Dudley
- Daniels
- Daniels u Stearns
- Danoff
- Davidsohn
- De Boer
- Deckwitz
- Delezenne
- Denis
- Denis
- Dhéré
- Diamare
- Die Ernährung der landwirtschaftlichen Haustiere. In Aereboe Hansen, Römer
- Dietrich TH.,, J. KöNIG
- Dieulafait
- Dittrich
- Dixon Eadie, Mcleod, Prember (Hund, Kaninchen)
- Doisy Briggs, Eaton, Chambers
- Dorlencourt Calugareanu-Nandris
- Dormeyer
- Doyon Morel, Kareff
- Doyon Morel, Kareff
- Drechsel
- Dresel
- Dresel
- Drinker Fehnel, Marsh
- Drinker Thomson, Marsh
- Dtsch. landw
- Dubois
- Durlach
- Dühring
- E Asher
- E Asher
- E Bogdanow
- E Crasemann
- E Embden
- E Fischer
- E Fischer
- E Heuser
- E Hickmanns
- E Kostytschsw
- E Mangold
- E Meyer
- E Meyer
- E Nobel
- E Oertmann
- E Pflüger
- E Pflüger
- E Pflüger
- E Pflüger
- E Pflüger
- E Pflüger
- E Rach
- E Róth
- E Voit
- E Voit
- E Wildt
- E Williamson
- E Wilsing
- E Wolff
- E Wolff
- E Wolff
- E-W Salant
- Ebstein
- Ebstein
- Eckhard
- Eckhard
- Eckles Becker, Palmer
- Effinger
- Effinger
- Ege
- Ege
- Ege
- Eggleton
- Eggleton
- Ehrenberg
- Eichenberger
- Einbeck
- Einbeck
- Einbeck
- Elias
- Ellinger
- Elvehjem Herrin, Hart
- Elvehjem Steenbock, Hart
- Elvehjem Steenbock, Hart
- Embden
- Embden
- Embden Baldes, Schmitz
- Embden Carstensen, Schumacher
- Embden Griesbach, Laquer
- Embden Griesbach, Schmitz
- Embden Riebeling, Selter
- Embden Salomon, Schmidt
- Embden Schmitz, Wittenberg
- Embden Schmitz, Wittenberg
- Emden Kahlert, Lange
- Emden Schmitz, Meincke
- Emmerich
- Endres
- Engels
- Eppinger Falta, Rudinger
- Erlandsen
- F Aron
- F Asher
- F Csapo
- F Hofmann
- F Hofmann
- F Hoxcamp
- F Hoxcamp
- F Hoxcamp
- F Kellner
- F Kellner
- F Krafft
- F Kühn
- F Lehmann
- F Lehmann
- F Lehmann
- F Mach
- F Müller
- F Offer
- F Ringer
- F Ringer
- F Rogozinsoi
- F Sauerbruch
- F Seidell
- F Sohlet
- F Stepp
- F Stepp
- F Stepp
- F Stepp
- F Voit
- Fabian
- Fahr
- Fairhall
- Fairhall
- Fairhall
- Fairhall
- Falta Richter, Quittner
- Farkas
- Fedorov
- Fehling
- Feige
- Felton Hussay, Bayne-Jonas
- Fenger
- Fenger
- Fenger
- Ferber
- FF Nord
- FF Nord
- Fingerling
- Fingerling
- Fischer
- Fischer Hails, Zeile
- Fischer Hans, Hilger
- Fischer Hilmer, Lindner, Putzer
- Fitz Alsberg, Henderson
- Flemming
- Fletcher
- Fletcher
- Foa
- Foerster
- Fomin
- Forbes
- Forbes Beegle, Fritz, Mensching
- Forbes French, Letonoff
- Forbes Halverson, Morgan, Schulz
- Forbes Halverson, Schulz
- Forbes Woods, Wittier
- Forsch-Bach
- Forsch-Bach
- Forsch-Bach
- Forster
- Fortschr
- Foster
- Foster Hooper, Whipple
- Four
- FR Voit
- FR Voit
- Fraenckel
- Frank Nothmann, Hartmann
- Frank Nothmann, Wagner
- Frankel
- Frauenberger
- Frentzel
- Freund
- Freundlich
- FRG Benedict
- Friedmann
- Fromierz
- Fröhner
- Fujimaki
- Fun
- Furuya
- G Asher
- G Baumgardt
- G Bilbao
- G Brinkmann
- G Chahovitch
- G Cheymol
- G Cori
- G Doyon
- G Embden
- G Fingerling
- G Fingerling
- G Fingerling
- G Fingerling
- G Fingerling
- G Grant
- G Gruzewska
- G Hoffmann
- G Kahn
- G Kühn
- G Kühn
- G Lawes
- G Lebedeff
- G Lebedeff
- G Lebedeff
- G Lebedeff
- G Lehmann
- G Lehmann
- G Linckh
- G Magnus
- G Neuberg
- G Neuberg
- G Neuberg
- G Neuberg
- G Schwarz
- G Schöndorff
- G Sherman
- G Stockmann
- G Stutzer
- G Weber
- G Wiegner
- Gabriel
- Galeotti
- Gamble Ross, Tisdall
- Garrigou
- Gassmann
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gautier
- Gellhorn
- Gerard
- Gerhartz
- Gescheidlen
- Giava
- Gies
- Gillert
- Ginsberg
- Givens
- Glanzmann
- Glaus
- Gley
- Goerner
- Goetsch Kushing, Jacobson
- Goldblatt
- Goldblatt
- Goldenberg
- Gonnermann
- Gonnermann
- Gonnermann
- Gonnermann
- Gossmann
- Gottschalk
- Gottschalk
- Gottschalk
- Gottschalk
- Grafe E.
- Grafenberger
- Greenwald
- Greenwald
- Greenwald
- Greenwald
- Griffites
- Grohmann
- Gross
- Grosser
- Grouven
- Grouven
- Grube
- Grube
- Grube
- Grube
- Grube
- Grube
- Gruber
- Gruber
- Grünwald
- Guareschi
- Guerithault
- Gusserow
- Gutrie Henry, Jensen, Ramsay
- Günzburg
- Gürber
- H Abderhalden
- H Asher
- H Asher
- H Bornstein
- H Böhm
- H Daniels
- H Denis
- H Elvehjem
- H Fletcher
- H Fletcher
- H Fletcher
- H Fletcher
- H Gerhartz
- H Gerhartz
- H Grosser
- H Grouven
- H Gärtner
- H Hahn
- H Hahn
- H Hahn
- H Hamburger
- H Hamburger
- H Hartree
- H Henriques
- H Iversen
- H Landau
- H Leitch
- H Mcclendon
- H Mcclendon
- H Mcclendon
- H Mccollum
- H Mitchel
- H Murschhauser
- H Möllgaard
- H Möllgaard
- H Möllgaard
- H Möllgaard
- H Möllgard
- H Möllgard
- H Münzberg
- H Parnas
- H Pauli
- H Pauli
- H Pautz
- H Quam
- H Quincke
- H Reinhardt
- H Rose
- H Ruszniak
- H Salzmann
- H Schultze
- H Schulz
- H Schulz
- H Schulz
- H Schulz
- H Schulz
- H Schulz
- H Schwarz
- H Shipley
- H Steenbock
- H Strigel
- H Tappeiner
- H Tappeiner
- H Tappeiner
- H Tappeiner
- H Tappeiner
- H Tappeiner
- H Titus
- H Weisxe
- Haarsticr
- Haberlandt
- Haecker
- Hagedorn
- Haggard
- Haldane
- Halsey
- Hamburger
- Hammett Nowrey, Mueller
- Handovsky Schulz, Staemmler
- Hansen
- Hansen
- Harington
- Hart
- Hart Beach, Del-Wiche, Bailey
- Hart Mccollum, Fuller
- Hart Mccollum, Humphrey
- Hart Steenbock, Elvehjem
- Hart Steenbock, Elvehjem
- Hart Steenbock, Hoppert
- Hart Steenbock, Hoppert
- Hart Steenbock, Hoppert, Humphrey
- Hart Steenbock, Kletzien, Lepkowsky
- Hart Steenbock, Scott, Humphrey u Kletzien
- Hart Steenbock, Waddel, Elvehjem
- Hasselbalch
- Hasselbalch
- Hasselbalch
- Haubner
- Heffter
- Heidenhain
- Hemmingsen (Schmetterlingslarven)
- Henneberg
- Henry
- Henze
- Henze
- Henze
- Henze
- Herfarth
- Hess Suppler, Bellis
- Hess Unger, Suppler
- Hetenyi
- Hetényi
- Heubner
- Heubner
- Heubner
- Heubner
- Heubner
- Heupke
- Higucxi
- Hildebrandt
- Hill
- Hiller
- Hirabayashi
- Hofmann
- Hofmeister
- Hofmeister
- Hofmeister
- Hofmeister
- Hofmeister
- Hogan Guerrant, Kempster
- Hollinger
- Holzki
- Honcamp
- Honcamp
- Honcamp
- Honcamp u Dräger
- Hopkihs
- Hoppe-Seyler
- Hoppe-Seyler
- Hoppe-Seyler
- Hoppe-Seyler
- Hotz
- HP Armsby
- Huppert
- HW Knipping
- Händel
- Hédon
- Höber
- Höber
- Höber
- Höber
- Höber
- Höber
- Höber
- Höber
- Höber
- Höckendorff
- Hödlmöser
- Hörhammer
- I Bang
- I Bang
- I Flinn
- I Flinn
- I Frank
- Isaac
- Isaacs
- Ishimori
- Itallie. Van, Van Ecu
- J Agricult
- J Armsby
- J Armsby
- J Armsby
- J Bock
- J Dancxwortt
- J Höber
- J Jansson
- J König
- J König
- J König
- J Loeb
- J Markoff
- J Markoff
- J Mayow
- J Paechtner
- J Paechtner
- J Priestley
- J Reiset
- J Seegen
- J Windheuser
- JA Fries
- Jacobsen
- Jacobson
- Jankau
- Janney
- Jansen
- Jaquet
- Jarisch
- JJ Hansen
- Joachimoglu
- Jocus
- Jolles
- Jonu
- Jonu
- JS Popoff
- Junkersdorff
- Justus
- Järvinen
- K Abderhalden
- K Bang
- K Dietrich
- K Embden
- K Embden
- K Forbes
- K Gross
- K Harnack
- K Inouye
- K Kura
- K König
- K Lewis
- K Meyer
- K Neuberg
- K Neuberg
- K Neuberg
- K Neuberg
- K Neuberg
- K Parnas
- K Parnas
- K Richter
- K Riesser
- K Schwarz
- K Seeger
- K Warburg
- K Wilkens
- K Zaykowsky
- K-K Partos
- Kable
- Kahho
- Kahho
- Kahho
- Kahn
- Kalase
- Kalase
- Karrer
- Kaserer
- Kausch
- Kawashima
- Keeser
- Keil
- Kellner
- Kellner O.,, A. Köhler
- Kellner-Fingerling
- Kendall
- Keuve
- Kieferle Kettner, Zeiler, Hanusch
- Kindt
- King
- Kingo Goto
- Kirsch
- Kleiber
- Klein
- Kleiner
- Kleinmann
- Klieneberger
- Klimmer
- Klimmer
- Klincke
- Knaffl-Lenz
- Knoop
- Knopf
- Knoth
- Koch
- Koch
- Koch
- Kochmann
- Kohlbach
- Kojima
- Kolthoff
- Kolthoff
- Kolthoff
- Komanos
- Kostomarov
- Kostytschew
- Kozawa
- Kramar u Tomczik
- Kramer Shelling, Orent
- Kramer Shelling, Orent
- Krogh
- Krogh A.,, Schmidt-Jensen
- Kronacher
- Kronacher Böttger, Schaper
- Kronacher Kliesch, Schaper
- Krupski
- Krzywanek. F. W.
- Krüger Meyer, Pernon
- KS Schwaibold
- KS Strobel
- Kueyama
- Kuhland
- Kunkel
- Kunkel
- Kunkel
- Kunkel
- Kunzendorff
- Kusumoto
- König
- König
- König
- Külz
- Külz
- Külz
- Külz
- Külz
- Küxx
- L Asher
- L Aso
- L Daniels
- L Elvehjem
- L Embden
- L Embden
- L Embden
- L Embden
- L Fleurent
- L Frederirsen
- L Guillemont
- L Hasselbalch
- L Hepburn
- L Lewis
- L Loeb
- L Mach
- L Mandel
- L Mangold
- L Meunier
- L Meyer
- L Meyer
- L Neuberg
- L Ringer
- L Roffo
- L Roffo
- L Zaykowsry
- Lamb u Evvard
- Lamson
- Landgis-Rosemann
- Landsteiner
- Landw
- Landw. Jb. 1874
- Langendorff
- Laquer
- Laquer
- Laquer
- Lasch
- Lebedeff
- Leber
- Lehmann
- Lehmann
- Leitner
- Lenstrup
- Lepeschkin
- Leschke
- Leschke
- Lesser
- Leuchttenberger
- Levene
- Levit
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- LF Meyer
- Liebig
- Liebscher
- Lieske
- Lieske
- Lieske
- Lindberg
- Lindow Elvehjem, Peterson
- Lindow Elvehjem, Peterson
- Linossier
- Lintzel
- Lintzel
- Lintzel
- Lintzel
- Lintzel
- Lintzel
- Lipschütz
- Lipschütz
- LisK
- LJ Henderson
- LJ Henderson
- Locke
- Loeb
- Loeb
- Loeb
- Loeb Achley, Benedict
- Loewy A.,, Gerhartz
- Lohmann
- Lohmeyer
- Lombroso
- Lore-Tam
- LR Müller
- Luithlen
- Lundegardii
- Lundsgaard
- Lungwitz
- Lungwitz
- Lusk
- Lusk
- Lutz
- Lux
- Lymann Nlcxolls, Mccann
- Léprne
- Löhr
- Lüthje
- Lüthje
- Lüthje
- M Abderhalden
- M Beard
- M Bertrand
- M Bertrand
- M Bertrand
- M Bogert
- M Bradley
- M Chaikoff
- M Cremer
- M Cremer
- M Cremer
- M Cremer
- M Cremer
- M Cremer
- M Doyon
- M Doyon
- M Doyon
- M Embden
- M Euler
- M Euler
- M Euler
- M Euler
- M Euler
- M Euler
- M Freund
- M Freund
- M Gaessler
- M Hart
- M Hawlay
- M Hawley
- M Henderson
- M Henning
- M Hess
- M Hubbel
- M Hutyra
- M Hutyra
- M Kahler
- M Kahn
- M Kleiner
- M Klimmer
- M Kochmann
- M Levene
- M Levene
- M Levene
- M Levene
- M Levene
- M Levene
- M Maercker
- M Maerker
- M Mann
- M Mcdanell
- M Myers
- M Myers
- M Neuhausen
- M Osborne
- M Osborne
- M Parnas
- M Pettenkofer
- M Pettenkofer
- M Pick
- M Pick
- M Pohl
- M Reniann
- M Reynolds
- M Roeseler
- M Rona
- M Rubner
- M Rubner
- M Rubner
- M Rubner
- M Rubner
- M Salkowski
- M Schulze
- M Schulze
- M Steuber
- M Whelan
- M Wood
- M-B Heubner
- Maccallum
- Mach F.,, P. Lederle
- Macleod
- Magee u Harvey
- Magnus
- Magnus Levy
- Magnuslevy
- Malcolm
- Mallory Parker, Nye
- Mangold
- Mangold
- Mangold
- Mangold Lintzel, Stotz
- Markoff
- Markuse
- Marriot
- Masing
- Masslow
- Masuda
- Matthai
- Maurer
- Maurer
- Maurer
- Maurer
- MB Schmidt
- Mccarrison
- Mccollum Rask, Becker
- Mccornick Macleod, O’brien, Noble
- Mchargue
- Mchargue
- Mchargue
- Mchargue
- Mchargue
- Mchargue
- Mchargue
- Mchargue Healy, Hill
- Medes
- Meigs Blather.Wick, Cary
- Meigs Turner, Harding, Hartmann, Grant
- Meissl Strohmer, V. Lorenz
- Meissner
- Meissner
- Mellanby
- Mendel
- Mercer
- Mercer
- Metzger
- Meyer-Hermann
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- Meyerhof
- MH Fischer
- Michaelis
- Miescher
- Millauer
- Miller
- Miller
- Miller Yates, Jones Brandt
- Milroy
- Minxowsxl
- Misk
- Mislowitzer
- Mitchell
- Miura
- MN Schaternikoff
- MN Schaternikoff
- MN Schaternikoff
- Molisch
- Monroe
- Morgulis
- Mortowski
- Moscatelli
- Moulton
- Mozotowski
- Mueller
- Munk
- Munk
- Murlin
- Myers Mull, Morrison
- Möuner
- N Albit
- N Gottschalk
- N Hanson
- N Hanson
- N Hansson
- N Hansson
- N Hansson
- N Hansson
- N Hansson
- N Hansson
- N Knaffl-Lenz
- N Luchinetti
- N Mond
- N Neuberg
- N Tobler
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- N Zuntz
- Nagano
- Nagano
- Nahrstedt
- Nakashima
- Nasse
- Nathan-Son
- Nawratzki
- Nebelthau
- Necke Schmidt, Klostermann
- Nencki
- Neubauer
- Neubauer
- Neubauer
- Neuberg
- Neuberg
- Neuschloss
- Neuschloss
- Niederhoff
- Niklas Schwaibold, Scharren
- Nishi
- NJ Fjord
- Noguchi
- Nonnenbruch
- Norn
- Norn
- Nothwang
- O Embden
- O Hagemann
- O Henriques
- O Hershey
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kellner
- O Kendall
- O Loew
- O Melnyk
- O Strauss
- O Wolf
- Oehme
- Oehme
- Oehme
- Oehme
- Ofpenheim
- Oidtmann
- Okada
- Olmer Payan, Bertier
- Onohara
- Orpenheimer
- Orr
- Orr Moir, Kinross, Robertson
- Osato
- Osborne Mendel, Ferry
- Oswald
- Overton
- P Auerbach
- P Auerbach
- P Bert
- P Choakovic
- P Fröhlich
- P Glässner
- P Haag
- P Holdefleiss
- P Kochmann
- P Loewi
- P Mayer
- P Mayer
- P Mayer
- P Mayer
- P Mayer
- P Mccrackan
- P Michaelis
- P Neuhausen
- P Schmidt
- P Schmieder
- P Trendelenburg
- P Trendelenburg
- P Waentig
- P Waentig
- P Wicke
- P Wicke
- P Zaykowsky
- Padtberg
- Palet
- Palla-Din
- Palmer
- Palmer u Eckles
- Palmer Eckles, Schutte
- Panse
- Parnas
- Parnass
- Parnass
- Parsons
- Paton
- Paulesco
- Paulesco
- Pauli
- Pauli
- Peel
- Peters
- Pfaundler
- Pflüger
- Pflüger
- Pflüger-Junkersdorff
- Pfyl
- PL Jumenau
- Plaut
- Pletnew
- PM Neuberg
- Polimanti
- Pollak
- Pollak
- Pollak
- Pollak
- Posnjak
- Pott
- Potter
- Pribram
- Pribyl
- Prout
- Putter
- Pächtner
- Q Kappen
- Quagliariello
- Quagliariello
- Quastel Stewart, Tunnicliffe
- R Abderhalden
- R Benedict
- R Berg
- R Bierry
- R Brailsford
- R Daniels
- R Denis
- R Denis
- R Dennstedt
- R Falta
- R Haan
- R Heisch
- R Herter
- R Hevener
- R Hirsch
- R Kochmann
- R Lintzel
- R Lintzel
- R Lyman
- R Meigs
- R Michelis
- R Moeckel
- R Munk
- R Munk
- R Nagel
- R Neukirch
- R Neumann
- R Pott
- R Scheunert
- R Stang
- R Stewart
- R Stewart
- R Ulrich
- R Weiss
- R Westermann
- R Willstätter
- R-R Whipple
- Rabinowitsch
- Radeff
- Radziejewsky
- Ransom
- Rasche
- Ratte
- Reakes
- Reakes
- Recherches chimiques sur la respiration des animaux des diverses classes. Paris 1849
- Redina
- Reich
- Richards Godden, Husband
- Richardsen
- Richardson
- Richet Gardner, Good-Body
- Richter-Quittner
- Richter-Quittner
- Ringer
- Ringer
- Ringer
- Ringer
- Ringer Frankel, Jonas
- Ritzmann
- Robison
- Rodenbeck
- Rohde
- Romloff
- Rona
- Rona Haurowitz, Petow
- Rona Haurowitz, Petow
- Rose
- Rosemann
- Rosemann
- Rosemann
- Rosemann
- Rosemann
- Rosenbaum
- Rossenbeck
- Rost
- Rost
- Rost
- Rost
- Roussin
- Rowntree
- Rubino Collazo, Varela-Fuentes
- Rubner
- Röhmann
- Röhmann
- Röhmann
- Römer
- S Austin
- S Baldes
- S Bardier
- S Batelli
- S Batelli
- S Bidder
- S Derwies
- S Dutscher
- S Ellenberger
- S Ellenberger
- S Elmslie
- S Embden
- S Embden
- S Fiske
- S Freund
- S Hart
- S Hartogh
- S Henneberg
- S Hunt
- S Hunter
- S Inouye
- S Klein
- S Klein
- S Klein
- S Koppel
- S Kostytschew
- S Kostytschew
- S Kowalewsxaja
- S Kugelmass
- S Ludwig
- S Lyttkens
- S Lyttkens
- S Lyttkens
- S Maclean
- S Mofatt
- S Morris
- S Neuberg
- S Plimmer
- S Scharrer
- S Scharrer
- S Scharrer
- S Scharrer
- S Scharrer
- S Schiff
- S Schittenhelm
- S Schneider
- S Schwarz
- S Terroine
- S Veil
- S Waksman
- S Winter
- S Winter
- S Winter
- Sabbatani
- Sadolin
- Salant Rieger, Treuthardt
- Salkowski
- Salkowski
- Salkowski
- Salkowski
- Sandmeyer
- Saneyoshi
- Sarzeau
- Sasaki
- Sate
- Schade
- Schade
- Schaefer
- Scharrer
- Scharrer
- Schenk
- Scheunert
- Scheunert Schattke, Weise
- Schieblich
- Schiff
- Schiff Böhm, Hoffmann
- Schirorauer
- Schlesinger
- Schliff
- Schlimm
- Schloss
- Schmidt
- Schmiedeberg
- Schmitz
- Schmöger
- Schneidewind
- Schneidewind Meyer, a.
- Schrodt
- Schroeder
- Schuhbauer
- Schuhecker
- Schultzer
- Schulz
- Schwartz A.,, Oschmann
- Schwarz Steinmetzer, Caithaml
- Schwenkenbecher
- Schwyzer
- Schöndorff
- Schönheimer u Oshima
- Schöpffer
- Schütz
- Schütze
- Scott
- Scxüllerz
- Seegen J.,, J. Novak
- Seemann
- Segale
- Settegast
- Severy
- SG Zondek
- Shipley Park, Mccollum
- Shohl. Sato
- Simon
- Simon
- Sjollema
- Sjollema u Van Der Zande
- Skand. Arch
- Slosse
- Slowtzoff
- Slyke Van, Stadie
- Slyke Van,, Bosworth
- Sonntag
- Soskin
- Sper
- Spiro
- Spiro
- Spiro
- Spiro
- Spiro
- Stang
- Starkenstein
- Starkenstein
- Starkenstein
- Starkenstein
- Starkenstein
- Steel
- Steenbock Hart, Elvehjem, Kletzien
- Steenbock Hart, Sell, Jones
- Steenbock Nelson, Hart
- Stehle
- Stich
- Stiehl
- Stohmann
- Stohmann Rosi, Frühling
- Stotz
- Stransky
- Straub
- Strobel Scharrer, Schropp
- Stömer
- Sudholt
- Suiffet
- Susuma Maki
- Söhngen
- Söhngen
- T Dubuisson
- T Fortès
- T Huffmann
- T Meigs
- T Radeff
- T Rona
- T Rona
- T Rona
- T Sondén
- Tadenuma
- Tangl
- Tashiro
- TH Pfeiffer
- Thalau
- Thannhauser
- Thannhauser
- Theiler u Robinson
- Theiler Green, Du Toit
- Thompson Marsh, Drinker
- Thompson Marsh, Drinker
- Thudichum
- Thunberg
- Tisdall
- Titus Cave, Hughes
- Titus Cave, Hughes
- Traugott
- Trebitsch
- Tschannen
- Tschirwinsky
- Tschopp
- Tsukamoto
- Tuff
- Turban
- Tuteur
- U Bernhardt
- U Dakin
- U Danckwortt
- U Högler
- U Ibrahim
- U Kahn
- U Kapfhammer
- U Kramer
- U Kramer
- U Kramer
- U Lomrroso
- U Michaelis
- U Michaelis
- Underhill
- Underhill
- Underhill Honeij, Bogert
- Utiger
- V Bertrand
- V Bertrand
- V Bertrand
- V Bischof
- V Bischoff
- V Bokay
- V Brasol
- V Buddenbrock
- V Bunge
- V Bunge
- V Bunge
- V Bunge
- V Bunge
- V Fellenberg
- V Firth
- V Fürth
- V Fürth
- V Grassheim
- V Helmont
- V Hensen
- V Hoesslin
- V Hoesslin
- V Hoesslin
- V Hofmeister
- V Hofmeister
- V Hofmeister
- V Mering
- V Moraszewski
- V Müller-Lenhartz
- V Noorden
- V Pettenkofer
- V Pettenkofer
- V Pettenkofer
- V Pettenkofer
- V Pettenkofer
- V Regnault
- V Rzentowsky
- V Slyke
- V Slyke
- V Slyke
- V Thompson
- V Wendt
- V Wyss
- Vai’iossy
- Van Eweyk
- Vathauer
- Veil
- Velhagenjun
- Velich
- Verschmelzung der Stärkewertberechnung nach KELLNER mit der Berechnung des Milchproduktionswertes nach HANSSON
- Verzar
- Verzkr
- Verzkr
- Viale
- Visscher
- Visscher
- VK Schulz
- Vogt
- Voigt
- Voit C.,, Mitarbeiter
- Volhard
- Volhard in Mohr-Staehelin
- Voorhoeve
- VS Bertrand
- Vögtlin Thompson, Dünn
- W Arnold
- W Biedl
- W Campbell
- W Chaikoff
- W Ellen-Berger
- W Embden
- W Embden
- W Henneberg
- W Henneberg
- W Henneberg
- W Henneberg
- W Henneberg
- W Herter
- W Hiltner
- W Klein
- W Klein
- W Klein
- W Klein
- W Klein
- W Knieriem
- W Loewi
- W Ludwig
- W Maclin
- W Mayrxofer
- W Neuberg
- W Neuberg
- W Parnass
- W Parnass
- W Rost
- W Sansum
- W Sansum
- W Sansum
- W Schirokauer
- W Semmler
- W Thomann
- W Völtz
- W White
- W Woods
- W-L Willstätter
- WA Withers
- Waddel Elvehjem, Steenbock, Hart
- Waddel Steenbock, Elvehjem, Hart
- Waddel Steenbock, Hart
- Waksman
- Walter
- Warburg
- Weber
- Weil
- Weinland
- Weintraud
- Weiser
- Weiser
- Weiske
- Weiske
- Weiske
- Weiske
- Weiske
- Weiske
- Weiske
- Weitzel
- Welch
- Welch
- Welz
- Wha
- Wiechmann
- Wiechmviann
- Wiechmviann
- Wild
- Wiley
- Willinger
- Wino-Gradski
- Wino-Gradski
- Wino-Gradski
- Wino-Gradski
- Winterberg
- Winterstein
- Winterstein
- Winterstein
- Winterstein
- Wisconsin Agricult. exper. Sta
- Wislecenus
- Wiss
- WO Atwater
- Wohlgemuth
- Wohlgemuth
- Wolownix
- Wöhler Herberger, zit. nach Thiemich
- Y Lingethal
- Yagi
- Yamakawa
- Young
- Z Arborelnrs
- Z Embden
- Z Embden
- Z Physiol
- Z Spallanzani
- Z Tangl
- Z Weiser
- Z Weissbein
- Z. Inf.krkh
- Zanda
- Zanda
- Zander
- Zaribnicky
- Zaykowsky
- Zaykowsky Pimenow, Sidorenko
- Zdarek
- Zegla
- Zickgraf
- Zillessen
- Zlemxe
- Zoeger
- Zorn Gärtner, Duschek, Heidenreich, Leuchtenberger, Tietze
- Zuckmayer
- Zuelzer
- Zuelzer
- Zuelzer
- Zuelzer
- Zuelzer Dohrn, Marxer
- Zuntz
- Zuntz
- Zuxrz v. D. Heide, Klein, A.
- Zwaardemaker
- Zwaardemaker
- Zwaardemaker
- Zwaardemaker u Gryns
- Zwaardemaker Benjamins, Feenstra
- Zweifel
- Zwetkoff
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/1931
- Field of study