José María Cos y los inicios de la prensa insurgente en Sultepec

The press played a very important role in the dissemination of the insurgent movement ideology in Mexico, 1810, since this tool allowed the transition from oral storytelling to a bigger communication and with an even a more accurate precision. By looking through the primary sources as facsimile editions of Sultepec’s insurgent newspapers and some letters by José María Cos, this paper proposes to review some aspects of the press role and its importance in the ideological definition of that movement as an independence one; Moreover, we analyze some historical events such as the acquisition of a printing press by the insurgent fighters, who illustrate the historian view telling some of the historical plots that are full of meaning, allowing to investigate why and how some historical events happened.La prensa jugó un papel muy importante en la difusión de la ideología del movimiento insurgente de 1810 en México, ya que permitió la transición del relato oral a una comunicación de ideas a mayor escala y con más precisión. Este texto propone revisar algunos aspectos del papel de la prensa y su importancia en la definición ideológica del movimiento independentista mediante la revisión de fuentes primarias, como las ediciones facsimilares de los periódicos insurgentes de Sultepec y algunas cartas de José María Cos. Además, se explican algunos sucesos históricos —en particular, la adquisición de la imprenta por parte de los insurgentes—, los cuales ilustran la visión del historiador al narrar ciertas tramas históricas plenas de significado. Lo anterior permite indagar por qué o de qué manera ocurrieron algunos hechos

Comparative population genetics of habitat-forming octocorals in two marine protected areas: eco-evolutionary and management implications

Current efforts to halt the decline of biodiversity are based primarily on protecting species richness. This narrow focus overlooks key components of biological diversity, particularly the infra-species genetic diversity, which is critical to consider with respect to genetic adaptation in changing environments. While comparative population genetics is recognized as a relevant approach to improve biodiversity management, it is still barely considered in practice. Here, a comparative population genetics study was conducted on two key habitat-forming octocoral species, Corallium rubrum and Paramuricea clavata, to contribute to management of two Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the northwestern Mediterranean. Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and structure were observed in the two species, although they share many common biological features and live in similar habitats. Differential genetic drift effects induced by species-specific reproductive strategies and demographic histories most likely explain these differences. The translation of our results into management strategies supports the definition of four management units. We identified a coldspot of genetic diversity, with genetically isolated populations, and a hotspot of genetic diversity that has a central role in the system’s connectivity. Interestingly, they corresponded to the most recent and the oldest protected areas, respectively. This case study shows how moving from a “species pattern” perspective to an “eco-evolutionary processes” perspective can help assess and contribute to the effectiveness of biodiversity management plans.Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). JBL was funded by assistant researcher 2021.00855.CEECIND through national funds provided by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. This research was supported by national funds through FCT within the scope of UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020, by the MIMOSA project funded by the Foundation Prince Albert II Monaco. This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement SEP-210597628 (FutureMARES). This study was also supported by the Spanish Government through the Smart project (CGL2012-32194) the HEATMED project (RTI2018-095346-B-I00, MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). RL was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (projects DISLAND ANR-20-CE32-00XXX, GENOSPACE ANR-16-CE02-0008 and INTROSPEC ANR-19-CE02-0011; and project PROLAG from the CeMEB LabEx;), and by recurrent funding from INRAe and CNRS. This research has been funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869300 “FutureMARES”. SD is supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Belgium). JG and PL acknowledge the funding of the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). CL gratefully acknowledges the financial support by ICREA under the ICREA Academia program.Peer reviewe

The understorey of gorgonian forests in mesophotic temperate reefs

1. In the Mediterranean Sea, dense populations of the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata shape marine animal forests, characterizing the seascapes of coralligenous habitats. Despite concerns for its health, with several anthropogenic threats and recent mass mortality events, mainly triggered by thermal anomalies, the understorey of its forests and the ecological processes that they promote are still little known. Here, the abundance and composition of epibenthic assemblages inside and outside P. clavata forests were investigated across the central and western Mediterranean Sea, by applying a multifactorial sampling design. 2. In spite of the large variability in the structures of epibenthic assemblages at local and regional scales, the gorgonian understoreys share some common features, such as higher abundances of calcareous builder organisms and reduced invasion by the non\u2010indigenous alga Caulerpa cylindracea, compared with the adjacent unforested rocky bottoms. Paramuricea clavata showed non\u2010linear density\u2010dependent relationships with algal turfs and non\u2010encrusting algae belonging to the genus Peyssonnelia. Moreover, by entrapping benthic mucilaginous aggregates with their branches, these gorgonians risk topical necrotic lesions, but may reduce the suffocation risks for understorey organisms. 3. Overall, P. clavata forests may enhance bioconstruction processes and increase resistance and resilience of the benthic assemblages in the Mediterranean coralligenous habitats. This species and its forests, together with their understoreys, should be considered as essential elements of the ecology of the Mediterranean Sea, and therefore worthy of specific and effective protection measures. 4. Conservation strategies should reduce the risk of mechanical damage by regulating fishing activities, anchorages, and scuba diving where gorgonian forests are present. Moreover, when evident alterations are documented, restoration actions should be implemented to recover the integrity of gorgonian forests

Genetic diversity and local connectivity in the mediterranean red gorgonian coral after mass mortality events

Estimating the patterns of connectivity in marine taxa with planktonic dispersive stages is a challenging but crucial task because of its conservation implications. The red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata is a habitat forming species, characterized by short larval dispersal and high reproductive output, but low recruitment. In the recent past, the species was impacted by mass mortality events caused by increased water temperatures in summer. In the present study, we used 9 microsatellites to investigate the genetic structure and connectivity in the highly threatened populations from the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean). No evidence for a recent bottleneck neither decreased genetic diversity in sites impacted by mass mortality events were found. Significant IBD pattern and high global F-ST confirmed low larval dispersal capability in the red gorgonian. The maximum dispersal distance was estimated at 20-60 km. Larval exchange between sites separated by hundreds of meters and between different depths was detected at each site, supporting the hypothesis that deeper subpopulations unaffected by surface warming peaks may provide larvae for shallower ones, enabling recovery after climatically induced mortality events

Contrasting patterns of population structure and gene flow facilitate exploration of connectivity in two widely distributed temperate octocorals

This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record.Connectivity is an important component of metapopulation dynamics in marine systems and can influence population persistence, migration rates and conservation decisions associated with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). In this study, we compared the genetic diversity, gene flow and population structure of two octocoral species, Eunicella verrucosa and Alcyonium digitatum, in the northeast Atlantic (ranging from the northwest of Ireland and the southern North Sea, to southern Portugal), using two panels of thirteen and eight microsatellite loci, respectively. Our results identified regional genetic structure in E. verrucosa partitioned between populations from southern Portugal, northwest Ireland, and Britain/France; subsequent hierarchical analysis of population structure also indicated reduced gene flow between southwest Britain and northwest France. However, over a similar geographical area, A. digitatum showed little evidence of population structure, suggesting high gene flow and/or a large effective population size; indeed, the only significant genetic differentiation detected in A. digitatum occurred between North Sea samples and those from the English Channel/northeast Atlantic. In both species the vast majority of gene flow originated from sample sites within regions, with populations in southwest Britain being the predominant source of contemporary exogenous genetic variants for the populations studied. Unsurprisingly, historical patterns of gene flow appeared more complex, though again southwest Britain appeared an important source of genetic variation for both species. Our findings have major conservation implications, particularly for E. verrucosa, a protected species in UK waters and listed by the IUCN as ‘Vulnerable’, and for the designation and management of European MPAs.We thank Natural England (project No. RP0286, contract No. SAE 03-02-146), the NERC (grant No. NE/L002434/1) and the University of Exeter for funding this research. Additional funding for sample collection, travel and microsatellite development was provided by the EU Framework 7 ASSEMBLE programme, agreement no. 227799, and NERC grant No. NBAF-362

Conservation of marine habitat-forming species under climate change: population genetics and demographic responses of the Mediterranean red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata.

[eng] Climate change, along with other anthropogenic pressures (e.g. water pollution, overfishing and habitat degradation), is severely impacting oceans around the world, producing important changes in its physical and biological structure, and causing marine biodiversity to decline. In this context, the enhancement of conservation and management strategies that mitigate such stressors (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, MPAs) is urgent. In this thesis, we studied the population genetics and ecological responses to warming of the Mediterranean red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata (Risso 1826), in order to contribute to the design of more effective conservation and management measures for this and other similar species. P. clavata is a long-lived, slow-growing, low dispersal and highly vulnerable habitat-forming organism from the coralligenous assemblages. During the last decades, it has been severely impacted by mass mortality events (MME) caused by climate change-related thermal anomalies. P. clavata is essential to maintain biodiversity as it forms habitat for other organisms and it greatly contributes to habitat's biomass and complexity. Although the inclusion of habitat formers in the design of MPAs is fundamental to improve the effectiveness of biodiversity protection, these organisms have been generally neglected in the planning of MPAs, which, instead, have been historically designed for the protection of commercially important species. In this thesis, we developed an interdisciplinary approach focused on (i) population genetics, emphasizing on evolutionary processes acting over contemporary timescales, and (ii) on demographic responses to warming. First, we compared the functioning of continuous and isolated metapopulations of P. clavata, in terms of spatial genetic structure and underlying evolutionary processes. A group of genetically differentiated populations was detected in a geographically continuous area, indicating that in addition to geographic isolation, genetic isolation should also be considered in the design of MPAs. Genetically isolated metapopulations exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation compared to continuous metapopulations. Moreover, the influence of drift was higher in isolated metapopulations. These results suggest that isolated metapopulations may be at higher extinction risk than their continuous counterparts. Second, we used an eco-evolutionary approach combining demographic and genetic data to establish conservation priorities in an isolated metapopulation. We demonstrated a relation between partial mortality (caused by MME), effective population size (Ne) and number of alleles that indicated that the less diverse and most isolated demes, which were undergoing the largest effect of drift, were the most affected by MME. These populations should therefore be of high conservation priority. We detected a newly established population, which was also prioritized for conservation, as it was mainly composed by juvenile colonies. Surprisingly, no founder effect was observed, as its genetic diversity was high and colonies came from different populations Third, we experimentally tested the role of reproductive maturity and sex on the vulnerability of the red gorgonian to warming. The highest vulnerability of adults versus juveniles and of females versus males results in a decline of fertilization rates, larval production and recruitment success, suggesting that red gorgonian populations may collapse in a warmer future. The relevance of our results is discussed in the light of climate change, and several conservation and management strategies that should be implemented to enhance the conservation of P. clavata and its associated communities are proposed. Moreover, this thesis provides valuable information to improve the effectiveness of MPAs within the context of climate change and it strengthen the previous foundations of knowledge that are essential to pursue further research. Given the key role of P. clavata as a habitat former, the results obtained in this work may also serve as guidelines to enhance the protection of other habitat-forming species with similar life history traits

Conservación de especies marinas formadoras de hábitat bajo el contexto del cambio climático: genética de poblaciones y respuestas demográficas de la gorgonia roja del Mediterráneo Paramuricea clavata

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Rosana Arizmendi Mejía para optar al grado de Doctora por la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), realizada bajo la dirección de la Dra. Cristina Linares Prats de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) y del Dr. Jean-Baptiste Ledoux del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 148 pagesClimate change, along with other anthropogenic pressures (e.g. water pollution, overfishing and habitat degradation), is severely impacting oceans around the world, producing important changes in its physical and biological structure, and causing marine biodiversity to decline. In this context, the enhancement of conservation and management strategies that mitigate such stressors (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, MPAs) is urgent. In this thesis, we studied the population genetics and ecological responses to warming of the Mediterranean red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata (Risso 1826), in order to contribute to the design of more effective conservation and management measures for this and other similar species. P. clavata is a long-lived, slow-growing, low dispersal and highly vulnerable habitat-forming organism from the coralligenous assemblages. During the last decades, it has been severely impacted by mass mortality events (MME) caused by climate change-related thermal anomalies. P. clavata is essential to maintain biodiversity as it forms habitat for other organisms and it greatly contributes to habitat\'s biomass and complexity. Although the inclusion of habitat formers in the design of MPAs is fundamental to improve the effectiveness of biodiversity protection, these organisms have been generally neglected in the planning of MPAs, which, instead, have been historically designed for the protection of commercially important species. [...]The present thesis was performed during a three-years period between June 2012 adn September 2015 and was funded by PhD scholarship from the Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund (FI-DGR 2011)Peer Reviewe

José María Cos y los inicios de la prensa insurgente en Sultepec

"La prensa jugó un papel muy importante en la difusión de la ideología del movimiento insurgente de 1810 en México, ya que permitió la transición del relato oral a una comunicación de ideas a mayor escala y con más precisión. Este texto propone revisar a

José María Cos y los inicios de la prensa insurgente en Sultepec

The press played a very important role in the dissemination of the insurgent movement ideology in Mexico, 1810, since this tool allowed the transition from oral storytelling to a bigger communication and with an even a more accurate precision. By looking through the primary sources as facsimile editions of Sultepec’s insurgent newspapers and some letters by José María Cos, this paper proposes to review some aspects of the press role and its importance in the ideological definition of that movement as an independence one; Moreover, we analyze some historical events such as the acquisition of a printing press by the insurgent fighters, who illustrate the historian view telling some of the historical plots that are full of meaning, allowing to investigate why and how some historical events happened.La prensa jugó un papel muy importante en la difusión de la ideología del movimiento insurgente de 1810 en México, ya que permitió la transición del relato oral a una comunicación de ideas a mayor escala y con más precisión. Este texto propone revisar algunos aspectos del papel de la prensa y su importancia en la definición ideológica del movimiento independentista mediante la revisión de fuentes primarias, como las ediciones facsimilares de los periódicos insurgentes de Sultepec y algunas cartas de José María Cos. Además, se explican algunos sucesos históricos —en particular, la adquisición de la imprenta por parte de los insurgentes—, los cuales ilustran la visión del historiador al narrar ciertas tramas históricas plenas de significado. Lo anterior permite indagar por qué o de qué manera ocurrieron algunos hechos