Efecto del manejo de carga frutal sobre la madurez fenolica y calidad de uvas y vinos en Vitis vinifera cv. Carmenere.

Resumen(Spanish, English)42 p.Con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto del manejo de carga frutal sobre la expresión de la madurez fenólica y calidad de uvas y vinos, se sometieron a raleo (post-pinta), plantas del cv. Carmenère en la zona de Pencahue, Valle del Maule, durante la temporada 2001-2002. El primer tratamiento (testigo T1) fue ajustado en su carga a 14 ton/há lo que equivale a los niveles de rendimiento con los que se ha trabajado este viñedo en temporadas anteriores al ensayo; el siguiente tratamiento (T2), se sometió a un raleo de mediana intensidad, dejando una carga de 9 ton/há; finalmente, el tratamiento sometido a raleo severo (T3), quedó ajustado a un nivel de carga de 4 ton/há. Los tres tratamientos fueron cosechados al mismo tiempo, momento considerado como de Madurez Tecnológica óptima. Utilizando el método de Glories modificado por el Institut Coopératif du Vin (ICV), Francia, el tratamiento T1 presentó, a cosecha, mayor Índice de Polifenoles Total (IPT), mayor concentración de Antocianos Fácilmente Extraíbles (ApH3,2) y menores índices de Extractibilidad de Antocianos (EA%) y Madurez de Pepas (MP%), respecto a los tratamientos sometidos a raleo. Aunque el raleo de racimos practicado en post-pinta no mejoró la expresión de la madurez fenólica de las bayas de plantas raleadas; los análisis demuestran que sí se encontró una mayor relación azúcar/acidez, así como también una mayor Intensidad de Colorante y matiz de los vinos de plantas sometidas a raleo, lo que no fue determinante en las características organolépticas según el panel de evaluación sensorial al que fueron sometidos los vinos de cada tratamiento

La rentabilidad y el comercio electrónico en las PYMES en el Ecuador. Caso emprendimientos en empresas de alimentos y bebidas

Introduction:  Electronic commerce has become a fundamental tool that moves a large part of the world economy, being present in the management of all types of companies. Objective:  The objective of the research was to determine the effect of electronic commerce on the profitability of Pies in Ecuador. Methodology:  The deductive method was used with a quantitative approach and a descriptive research level. The questionnaire and documentary information of the financial statements of a population of 81 Pies located in the province of Tungurahua canton Ambato were applied as an instrument for collecting information. Results:  The results show that companies always use electronic commerce; companies obtained an increase in sales by using electronic commerce; Pies in the food and beverage sector increased their sales during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: It is concluded that electronic commerce affects the profitability of food and beverage companies of Pies in times of pandemic and that the probability of maintaining this situation is high.Introducción: El comercio electrónico se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental que mueve una gran parte de la economía mundial, estando presente en gestión de todo tipo de empresas. Objetivos: El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el efecto del comercio electrónico en la rentabilidad de la Pymes en el Ecuador. Metodología: Se utilizó el método deductivo con un enfoque cuantitativo y un nivel de investigación descriptivo. Se aplicó como instrumento de recogida de información el cuestionario e información documental de los estados financieros de una población de 81 Pymes ubicadas en la provincia de Tungurahua cantón Ambato. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las empresas utilizan siempre el comercio electrónico; las empresas obtuvieron un incremento en las ventas al utilizar el comercio electrónico; las Pymes del sector de alimentos y bebidas incrementaron sus ventas durante la pandemia Covid-19. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el comercio electrónico incide en la rentabilidad de las empresas de alimentos y bebidas de las Pymes en épocas de pandemia y que la probabilidad de mantener esta situación es alta. Área de estudio: Gestión Socioeconómica, Contable, Tributaria y Laboral

Use of a glycogenic precursor during the prepartum period and its effects upon metabolic indicators and reproductive parameters in dairy cows

The aim was to evaluate if 1-2 propanodiol plus calcium propionate (glycogenic precursor) supplementation during the transition period in high yielding dairy cows reduces metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions during early lactation. Cows (n= 202) were divided into two homogeneous groups regarding number of lactations and body condition score. 1) Treated group (GG; n= 112) received 60 g/cow/d for15 d of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period. 2) Control group (GC; n= 90) received no treatment. Postpartum levels of beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) (GG= 0.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L vs GC =1.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P<0.05), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (GG= 0.6 ± 0.1 mEq/L vs GC = 0.8 ± 0.1 mEq/L; P<0.05) were higher in the GC-group. Similarly, GC-cows had a higher percentage of retained placenta (23 % vs 13 %; P≤0.06) subclinical ketosis (GG= 10 %, GC= 56 %; P<0.05), and mastitis (GG= 8 %, GC= 16 %; P<0.05). Metritis, dystocia, abortions, clinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and ruminal acidosis showed no differences between groups. Administration of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period demonstrated a positive effect upon BHB and NEFA blood levels during early lactation, with parallel decreases of subclinical ketosis and retained placenta; this could be an alternative to enhance the dairy herd reproductive efficiency.The aim was to evaluate if 1-2 propanodiol plus calcium propionate (glycogenic precursor) supplementation during the transition period in high yielding dairy cows reduces metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions during early lactation. Cows (n=202) where divided into two homogeneous groups regarding number of lactations and body condition score. 1) Treated Group (GG; n=112) received 60g/cow/day  15d of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period. 2) Control Group (GC; n = 90) received no treatment. Postpartum levels of BHB (GG= 0.9±0.2 mmol/L vs GC =1.3±0.2 mmol/L; P < 0.05), and NEFA (GG= 0.6 ± 0.1 mEq/L vs GC = 0.8 ± 0.1 mEq/L; P < 0.05) were higher for GC. Likewise, GC-cows had a higher percentage of retained placenta (23% vs. 13%; P ≤ 0.06) subclinical ketosis (GG = 10%, GC = 56%; P < 0.05), and mastitis (GG = 8%, GC = 16%; P < 0.05). Metritis, dystocia, abortions, clinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and ruminal acidosis showed no differences. Administration of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period demonstrated a positive effect upon BHB and NEFA blood levels during early lactation. Also, levels of subclinical ketosis and retained placenta were reduced

Molecular method for the characterization of Coxiella burnetii from clinical and environmental samples: variability of genotypes in Spain

BACKGROUND: Coxiella burnetii is a highly clonal microorganism which is difficult to culture, requiring BSL3 conditions for its propagation. This leads to a scarce availability of isolates worldwide. On the other hand, published methods of characterization have delineated up to 8 different genomic groups and 36 genotypes. However, all these methodologies, with the exception of one that exhibited limited discriminatory power (3 genotypes), rely on performing between 10 and 20 PCR amplifications or sequencing long fragments of DNA, which make their direct application to clinical samples impracticable and leads to a scarce accessibility of data on the circulation of C. burnetii genotypes. RESULTS: To assess the variability of this organism in Spain, we have developed a novel method that consists of a multiplex (8 targets) PCR and hybridization with specific probes that reproduce the previous classification of this organism into 8 genomic groups, and up to 16 genotypes. It allows for a direct characterization from clinical and environmental samples in a single run, which will help in the study of the different genotypes circulating in wild and domestic cycles as well as from sporadic human cases and outbreaks. The method has been validated with reference isolates. A high variability of C. burnetii has been found in Spain among 90 samples tested, detecting 10 different genotypes, being those adaA negative associated with acute Q fever cases presenting as fever of intermediate duration with liver involvement and with chronic cases. Genotypes infecting humans are also found in sheep, goats, rats, wild boar and ticks, and the only genotype found in cattle has never been found among our clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed methodology has permitted to demonstrate that C. burnetii is highly variable in Spain. With the data presented here, cattle seem not to participate in the transmission of C. burnetii to humans in the samples studied, while sheep, goats, wild boar, rats and ticks share genotypes with the human population

Análisis del nicho climático de Coryphantha durangensis (Runge ex Schum.) Britton y Rose, 1923 e identificación de zonas potenciales para su conservación ante el cambio climático

Coryphantha durangensis it is an endemic cactus that lives in Mexico, in the center of the Chihuahuan desert, and is considered as Special Protection by the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 One of the greatest threats to this species is climate change and habitat loss. In the present study, the climatic niche of C. durangensis was evaluated and the habitat availability of this species was modeled using the MaxEnt algorithm under current climate conditions and future. The results show a reduction in the geographical areas that present climatically suitable conditions for the presence of this species for the year 2050 and 2070, however, four sites were identified that could be proposed as conservation areas for this and other species that cohabit in these zones.Coryphantha durangensis es una cactácea endémica que habita en México, en el centro del desierto Chihuahuense, y está considerada en la categoría de Protección Especial por la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Una de las mayores amenazas para esta especie es el cambio climático y pérdida de idoneidad climática para su presencia, en el presente estudio se evaluó el nicho climático de C. durangensis y se modeló la disponibilidad climática de esta especie mediante el algoritmo MaxEnt bajo condiciones del clima actual y futuro. Los resultados muestran una reducción en las zonas geográficas que presentan condiciones climáticamente adecuadas para la presencia de esta especie para el año 2050 y 2070. Sin embargo, se identificaron cuatro sitios que podrían ser propuestos como áreas de conservación para ésta y otras especies que cohabitan en estas zonas

Rhizobacteria inoculation and its effect on the productive parameters of sorghum

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas japonica rhizobacteria on the productive parameters of sorghum. Design/Methodology/Approach: The experiment was carried out in Padilla, Tamaulipas, where the effect of inoculating a sorghum crop with the Bacillus megaterium KN13 and Pseudomonas japonica KC14 strains on its productive parameters was evaluated. Both strains were used in two concentrations (106 and 107 CFU). A randomized block design was applied, consisting of five treatments (two strains × two concentrations, plus a control), with six and nine replications. Results: The B. megaterium and P. japonica strains can fix nitrogen and produce siderophores. Inoculating these strains into the sorghum crop increases grain yield, plant height, panicle length, plant stem diameter, and aerial dry weight. Better results are recorded when the strains have a 107 CFU concentration. Study Limitations/Implications: Each type of soil and crop has various microbiomes. Findings/Conclusions: The use of an adequate concentration of rhizobacteria improves sorghum production; therefore, it is a sustainable alternative, both for the nutrition of the crop and the reduction of the use of synthetic fertilizers

Imágenes digitales obtenidas por dron para estimar el rendimiento de la biomasa en un sitio de pastizal del estado de Durango

La adquisición de imágenes de alta resolución mediante drones y su posterior procesamiento proporcionan información valiosa sobre variables biofísicas de vegetación de pastizales. El objetivo de este estudio fue generar un modelo de predicción de la dinámica de la productividad anual de un pastizal semiárido del norte de México mediante la cobertura vegetal estimada en fotografías digitales obtenidas por dron. Se diseño un sistema de muestreo permanente en el predio ganadero La Cieneguilla. Las variables de estudio medidas fueron la producción de biomasa de corte directo como variable dependiente y la cobertura vegetal estimada en imágenes digitales adquiridas por dron como variable independiente. El número de muestras recogidas de ambas variables fue de 640 durante el año 2020.  Con el 50% de los datos se generó el modelo de predicción y con el otro 50% de los datos el modelo de validación, los modelos de regresión ajustados fueron de la forma Y = β0 + β1X + β2X2 con R2 ajustado = 71.64% y 69.90% respectivamente. Esta metodología propuesta ofrece un medio no destructivo y preciso para el monitoreo y evaluación anual de pastizales en áreas secas

Metodología Para La Evaluación Técnica De Proyectos De Infraestructura Educativa

This article describes a technical evaluation of studies or consultancies, using an adaptation of the methodology of multi-criteria analysis, usually applied in prioritization of programs and projects and evaluation of development projects. The methodology allows integration of the different criteria expressed by a group of professionals responsible for review and approval of consultancy studies used for the implementation of the country’s new Millennium Educational Units. The result of the technical evaluation of consulting with this methodology is quantitative, but qualitative variables complement our work

Poesía de sátira política y clandestina del Siglo de Oro. Antología esencial. Volumen I. Reinados de Felipe III y Felipe IV

En el marco del proyecto de investigación "La burla como diversión y arma social en el Siglo de Oro (II). Poesía política y clandestina. Recuperación patrimonial y contexto histórico y cultural" (AEI/FEDER, UE, PID2020-116009GB-I00), del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) del Gobierno de España, este volumen aborda el corpus correspondiente a los reinados de Felipe III y Felipe IV, ampliando sustancialmente el material disponible hasta el momento del abundante repertorio de la poesía clandestina y de sátira política del Siglo de Oro. Incluye esta entrega 381 poemas procedentes de numerosos manuscritos, acompañados de un aparato de notas que intenta aclarar las claves complejas de sus alusiones satíricas y precedidos de un estudio introductorio en el que, además de establecerse el estado de la cuestión sobre la materia, se ofrecen reflexiones teóricas sobre los criterios y retos de edición de este difícil y fascinante corpus de enorme interés literario, histórico, social y cultural

Effect of a Nutritional and Behavioral Intervention on Energy-Reduced Mediterranean Diet Adherence Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: Interim Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Clinical Trial

Key PointsQuestionWhat is the effect of a nutritional and behavioral intervention focused on encouraging an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity on the dietary pattern of participants after 12 months? FindingsIn this preliminary analysis of an ongoing randomized clinical trial involving 6874 participants, an intervention focused on encouraging an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and promoting physical activity, compared with advice to follow an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet, resulted in a significant increase in a measure of diet adherence, the 17-item energy-reduced Mediterranean diet score, at 12 months (4.7 points vs 2.5 points; score range, 0-17; minimal clinically important difference, 1 point). MeaningA nutritional and behavioral intervention focused on encouraging an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity led to a significant improvement in a measure of diet adherence at 12 months. Further evaluation of the effects on long-term cardiovascular and other health outcomes is needed. ImportanceHigh-quality dietary patterns may help prevent chronic disease, but limited data exist from randomized trials about the effects of nutritional and behavioral interventions on dietary changes. ObjectiveTo assess the effect of a nutritional and physical activity education program on dietary quality. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPreliminary exploratory interim analysis of an ongoing randomized trial. In 23 research centers in Spain, 6874 men and women aged 55 to 75 years with metabolic syndrome and no cardiovascular disease were enrolled in the trial between September 2013 and December 2016, with final data collection in March 2019. InterventionsParticipants were randomized to an intervention group that encouraged an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet, promoted physical activity, and provided behavioral support (n=3406) or to a control group that encouraged an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet (n=3468). All participants received allotments of extra-virgin olive oil (1 L/mo) and nuts (125 g/mo) for free. Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was 12-month change in adherence based on the energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (er-MedDiet) score (range, 0-17; higher scores indicate greater adherence; minimal clinically important difference, 1 point). ResultsAmong 6874 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 65.0 [4.9] years; 3406 [52%] men), 6583 (96%) completed the 12-month follow-up and were included in the main analysis. The mean (SD) er-MedDiet score was 8.5 (2.6) at baseline and 13.2 (2.7) at 12 months in the intervention group (increase, 4.7 [95% CI, 4.6-4.8]) and 8.6 (2.7) at baseline and 11.1 (2.8) at 12 months in the control group (increase, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.3-2.6]) (between-group difference, 2.2 [95% CI, 2.1-2.4]; P<.001). Conclusions and RelevanceIn this preliminary analysis of an ongoing trial, an intervention that encouraged an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity, compared with advice to follow an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet, resulted in a significantly greater increase in diet adherence after 12 months. Further evaluation of long-term cardiovascular effects is needed. Trial Registrationisrctn.com Identifier: ISRCTN89898870 This preliminary exploratory analysis of the ongoing PREDIMED-Plus randomized trial reports dietary adherence among Spanish community-dwelling participants with metabolic syndrome randomized to an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet, physical activity, and behavioral support vs an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet alone