Juan Andrés y el libro de 'Viaje a Italia': las Cartas familiares

The travel to Italy became a literary genre within the tradition of the Grand Tour. This tradition contributed to the composition of books of travels to Italy inside the English, French, German, North American, Russian, Dutch, etc. literatures. Although the European critical studies denied the incorporation of this cultural and literary phenomenon to the Spanish tradition, Spain do has a solid tradition in this kind of books of travels to Italy. Without doubt, its main example is Cartas familiares, written in the XVIIIth century by Juan Andrés. This article analyses the rhetorical and thematic importance of this book in the context of Western and Spanish

El libro de "Viaje a Italia" en España: las cartas familiares de Juan Andrés

El presente estudio ofrece una aproximación a la tradición literaria del viaje a italia, viaje cultural por excelencia, particularmente acerca del género literario resultante de dicha tradición y sus resonancias en españa. asimismo se ofrece un más pormenorizado análisis de la mejor muestra española del género, y una de las más importantes de occidente, las cartas familiares de Juan AndrésThe book 'Journey to Italy' in Spain: Family Letters by Juan Andrés: This study provides an approach to the literary tradition of the journey to Italy, the cultural trip par excellence, especially about the literary genre which results from that tradition and its resonances in Spain. Furthermore, the study provides a detailed analysis of the best Spanish example of this genre, and one of the most important in Western countries: Family Letters by Juan André

Spaces that project to new horizons: Dance as bridge between creativity and the everyday

La danza es un recurso para el autoconocimiento, la expresión de la creatividad, la constitución de la subjetividad y construcción de vínculos con otras personas. El artículo expone resultados parciales de una investigación que analiza las percepciones de sujetos que participan regularmente del Taller de Danzas Folklóricas para Adultos del Estudio de Danzas Nativas Abriendo Surcos de la ciudad de Río Cuarto, Provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). El objetivo es analizar relaciones entre creatividad, danza y calidad de vida, identificando factores que condicionan los procesos de despliegue de capacidades creativas en expresiones dancísticas. Participaron del estudio 17 personas, quienes respondieron un cuestionario semiestructurado. Los resultados indican que la participación en el Taller se relaciona con la creatividad, la pasión, la calidad de vida y la construcción de vínculos con otras personas. Se destaca la existencia de espacios que permitan el desarrollo de experiencias artísticas, la revalorización del patrimonio cultural y el desenvolvimiento activo y consiente de los sujetos involucrados.Dance is a resource for self-knowledge, expression of creativity, constitution of subjectivity and construction of links with other people. The article presents partial results of a research that analyzes the perceptions of subjects who regularly participate in the Workshop of Folk Dance for Adults of the Native Dance Studio Abriendo Surcos of Río Cuarto, Province of Córdoba (Argentina). The objective is to analyze relationships between creativity, dance and quality of life, identifying factors that condition the processes of deployment of creative abilities in dance expressions. 17 people participated in the study, who answered a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that participation in the workshop is related to creativity, passion, quality of life and the construction of links with other people. It highlights the existence of spaces that allow the development of artistic experiences, the revaluation of cultural heritage and the active and conscious development of the subjects involved.Fil: Arbillaga, Lara. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Elisondo, Romina Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Melgar, Maria Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

An approach to the toxicity and toxicokinetics of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A after simultaneous oral administration to fasted F344 rats

Humans are exposed to the hepatotoxic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and nephrotoxic ochratoxin A (OTA) through diet. However, kinetic and toxicological data after their co-administration are scarce. In this study, a single oral dose of AFB1 (0.25mg/kg bw)+OTA (0.5mg/kgbw) was administered to fasted F344 rats. Blood, liver and kidney were harvested at different timepoints for mycotoxins quantification, relative weight calculation, clinical biochemistry and histopathology analysis. Toxicity parameters pointed to acute toxicity in liver due to AFB1. No remarkable toxicity was observed in kidneys or immunological organs. Maximum observed concentrations in plasma (C(max)) were at 10min and 2h for AFB1 and OTA, respectively. AFB1 plasma concentration could indicate a rapid absorption/ metabolism of the mycotoxin; and AFB1 liver and kidney concentrations were lower than LOQ and LOD, respectively. For OTA, C(max) was 4326.2μg/L in plasma. In kidney and liver C(max) was reached at 8h and concentrations were very similar between both organs at all timepoints. Due to the low levels of AFB1, the effect of OTA on AFB1 kinetics could not be assessed. However, AFB1 seems not to affect OTA kinetics, as its profile seems very similar to kinetic studies performed only with OTA in similar conditions

Antioxidant and genoprotective effects of spent coffee extracts in human cells

Spent coffee has been shown as a good source of hydrophilic antioxidant compounds. The ability of two spent coffee extracts rich in caffeoylquinic acids, mainly dicaffeoylquinic acids, and caffeine (Arabica filter and Robusta espresso) to protect against oxidation and DNA damage in human cells (HeLa) was evaluated at short (2 h) and long (24 h) exposure times. Cell viability (MTT) was not affected by spent coffee extracts (>80%) up to 1000 mu g/mL after 2 h. Both spent coffee extracts significantly reduced the increase of ROS level and DNA strand breaks (29-73% protection by comet assay) induced by H2O2. Pretreatment of cells with robusta spent coffee extract also decreased Ro photosensitizer-induced oxidative DNA damage after 24 h exposure. The higher effectiveness of Robusta spent coffee extract, with less caffeoylquinic acids and melanoidins, might be due to other antioxidant compounds, such as caffeine and other Maillard reaction products. This work evidences the potential antioxidant and genoprotective properties of spent coffee in human cells

Socio-environmental correlates of physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

BACKGROUND: Study of the causes of the reduced levels of physical activity in patients with COPD has been scarce and limited to biological factors. AIM: To assess the relationship between novel socio-environmental factors, namely dog walking, grandparenting, neighbourhood deprivation, residential surrounding greenness and residential proximity to green or blue spaces, and amount and intensity of physical activity in COPD patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 410 COPD patients from five Catalan municipalities. Dog walking and grandparenting were assessed by questionnaire. Neighbourhood deprivation was assessed using the census Urban Vulnerability Index, residential surrounding greenness by the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and residential proximity to green or blue spaces as living within 300 m of such a space. Physical activity was measured during 1 week by accelerometer to assess time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vector magnitude units (VMU) per minute. FINDINGS: Patients were 85% male, had a mean (SD) age of 69 (9) years, and post-bronchodilator FEV1 of 56 (17) %pred. After adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, dyspnoea, exercise capacity and anxiety in a linear regression model, both dog walking and grandparenting were significantly associated with an increase both in time in MVPA (18 min/day (p<0.01) and 9 min/day (p<0.05), respectively) and in physical activity intensity (76 VMU/min (p=0.05) and 59 VMUs/min (p<0.05), respectively). Neighbourhood deprivation, surrounding greenness and proximity to green or blue spaces were not associated with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Dog walking and grandparenting are associated with a higher amount and intensity of physical activity in COPD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Pre-results, NCT01897298

Validation of walking trails for the Urban Training of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Purpose Accessible interventions to train patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are needed. We designed urban trails of different intensities (low, moderate and high) in different types of public spaces (boulevard, beach and park). We aimed to validate the trails' design by assessing the physiological response to unsupervised walking trails of: (1) different intensities in COPD patients, and (2) same intensity from different public spaces in healthy adults. Methods On different days and under standardized conditions, 10 COPD patients walked the three intensity trails designed in a boulevard space, and 10 healthy subjects walked the three intensity trails in three different spaces. We measured physiological response and energy expenditure using a gas analyzer. We compared outcomes across trails intensity and/or spaces using mixed-effects linear regression. Results In COPD patients, physiological response and energy expenditure increased significantly according to the trails intensity: mean (SD) peak O2 15.9 (3.5), 17.4 (4.7), and 17.7 (4.4) mL/min/kg (p-trend = 0.02), and MET-min 60 (23), 64 (26), 72 (31) (p-trend<0.01) in low, moderate and high intensity trails, respectively. In healthy subjects there were no differences in physiological response to walking trails of the same intensity across different spaces. Conclusions We validated the trails design for the training of COPD patients by showing that the physiological response to and energy expenditure on unsupervised walking these trails increased according to the predefined trails' intensity and did not change across trails of the same intensity in different public space. Walkable public spaces allow the design of trails that could be used for the training of COPD patients in the community

Oncological Outcomes in Rats Given Nephrocarcinogenic Exposure to Dietary Ochratoxin A, Followed by the Tumour Promoter Sodium Barbital for Life: A Pilot Study

The potent experimental renal carcinogenesis of ochratoxin A (OTA) in male rats makes the dietary contaminant a potential factor in human oncology. We explored whether the tumour promoter sodium barbitate could shorten the otherwise long latency between exposure to toxin and tumourigenesis. Young rats, of a hybrid in which mononuclear leukaemia was rare, were given feed contaminated (5 ppm) with OTA for 36 weeks to initiate renal tumourigenesis. Some individuals were thereafter given sodium barbitate (500 ppm in drinking water) for life. Pathological outcomes were studied at or near the end of natural life. Renal tumours in males given barbitate became evident after latency of one year, but only slightly before those without barbitate. In contrast, female mammary tumourigenesis was advanced by at least 6 months synchronously in all rats given the OTA-barbitate regimen compared to tumourigenesis in controls. Diagnosis of malignant mammary angiosarcoma in a female given the OTA-barbitate regimen is a new finding in the rat. The long latency of OTA-induced renal tumourigenesis was not notably susceptible to accelerated promotion by barbitate, contrasting with an apparently marked effect of barbitate on development of mammary tumours