Fundamental care and knowledge interests: implications for nursing science

Aims and objectives: The aim of this discursive paper was to characterize the intra-theoretical interests of knowledge in nursing science as an epistemological framework for fundamental care. Background: For Jürgen Habermas, theory does not separate knowledge interests from life. All knowledge, understanding and human research is always interested. Habermas formulated the knowledge interests in empirical-analytical, historical hermeneutic and critical social sciences; but said nothing about health sciences and nursing science. Design: Discursive paper. Results: The paper is organised into five sections that develop our argument about the implications of the Habermasian intra theoretical interests in nursing science and fundamental care: the persistence of a technical interest, the predominance of a practical interest, the importance of an emancipatory interest, “being there” to understand individuals’ experience and an “existential crisis” that uncovers the individual’s subjectivity. Conclusions: The nursing discipline can take on practical and emancipatory interests (together with a technical interest) as its fundamental knowledge interests. Nurses’ privileged position in the delivery of fundamental care gives them the opportunity to gain a deep understanding of the patient’s experience and illness process through physical contact and empathic communication. Relevance to clinical practice and nursing research: In clinical, academic and research environments, nurses should highlight the importance of fundamental care, showcasing the value of practical and emancipatory knowledge. This process could help to improve nursing science’s leadership, social visibility and idiosyncrasy

Evaluación de la actividad biológica de productos herbolarios comerciales

Antecedentes: En México los productos herbolarios se comercializan mayormente sin ningún control de calidad, lo cual fue evidenciado recientemente por nuestro grupo de investigación. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad biológica de diversos productos, considerando el uso tradicional de las plantas que contienen. Material y métodos: Los productos fueron adquiridos comercialmente tanto en hierberías como en centros comerciales. Se obtuvieron extractos hidroalcohólicos por maceración a temperatura ambiente y extractos acuosos por ebullición. Se evaluaron la actividad antioxidante (DPPH) antimicrobiana contra S. aureus, E. coli y C. albicans (microdilución en placa), antihipertensiva (inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina) e inmunomoduladora de los extractos obtenidos. Resultados: Los productos que contenían Peumus boldus, Turnera diffusa, Eucalyptus globulus, Ginkgo biloba y Agastache mexicana resultaron con buena actividad antioxidante, los demás mostraron actividad antioxidante baja o moderada. P. boldus, E. globulus y Salvia officinalis mostraron buena actividad antimicrobiana; sin embargo, los productos analizados de Allium sativum y Mentha piperita, reconocidos tradicionalmente por sus propiedades antisépticas, no mostraron actividad contra los microorganismos utilizados. Los productos comerciales con A. sativum o con Esquisetum arvense, que se recomiendan como diuréticos, no mostraron efecto en la prueba utilizada. Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que distintos productos que dicen contener la misma planta producen diferentes grados de actividad biológica. Se hace necesario un estricto control de calidad de los productos herbolarios que evalúe también la actividad biológica, con el fin de prevenir problemas en la salud de la población que los consume

Life Project for Adolescents: A Concept Analysis

It is essential to identify protective factors during adolescence due to its high incidence on risk behaviors. One of these factors is to have a life project that influences adolescent decision-making. The concept of life project has mainly been linked to teen pregnancy, depression and suicide; however, some authors agree that the concept is not clearly defined. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to define the concept of adolescent life project, using the methodology developed by Walker and Avant for concept analysis. The following steps were followed are: select a concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying all uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model, a borderline and a contrary cases, identifying history and consequences of the concept, and finally defining empirical referents. After the analysis, the final definition of the concept of adolescent life project includes the set of desires, future plans and actions necessary to accomplish it that influence the adolescent decisions. Knowing the importance of this concept when working with adolescents may guide development more effective interventions

Characterization, conservation and loss of dignity at the end-of- life in the emergency department. A qualitative protocol

Aims: to explore and understand the experiences of terminally-ill patients and their relatives regarding dignity during end-of-life care in the emergency department. Background: the respect given to the concept of dignity is significantly modifying the clinical relationship and the care framework involving the end-of-life patient in palliative care units, critical care units, hospices and their own homes. This situation is applicable to in-hospital emergency departments, where there is a lack of research which takes the experiences of end-of-life patients and their relatives into account. Design: a phenomenological qualitative study. Methods: the protocol was approved in December 2016 and will be carried out from December 2016 to December 2020. The Gadamer's philosophical underpinnings will be used in the design and development of the study. The data collection will include participant observation techniques in the Emergency Department, in-depth interviews with terminally-ill patients and focus groups with their relatives. For the data analysis, the field notes and verbatim transcriptions will be read and codified using ATLAS.ti software to search for emerging themes. Discussion: emerging themes that contribute to comprehending the phenomenon of dignity in end-of-life care in the Emergency Department are expected to be found. This study's results could have important implications in the implementation of new interventions in Emergency Departments. These interventions would be focused on improving: the social acceptance of death, environmental conditions, promotion of autonomy and accompaniment, and assumption (takeover) of dignified actions and attitudes (respect for human rights)

Emprendimiento rural femenino en el Perú

En el Perú, las mujeres empresarias representan una proporción importante en la actividad económica; sin embargo, ha sido un caso poco estudiado dado que la información existente es escasa, y por tanto la información estadística y el perfilamiento cualitativo actual no permite entender su realidad para profundizar en su desarrollo. En el contexto rural, el que una mujer pobre participe en la actividad emprendedora puede ser una oportunidad para salir de la pobreza. En el Perú, existen diversas iniciativas cuyo objetivo es promover el desarrollo económico rural a través del financiamiento y fortalecimiento de emprendimientos rurales; sin embargo, se tiene escasa información sobre las características de las empresas y de las personas que las manejan, especialmente de aquellas formadas por mujeres. La presente investigación no intenta develar todas las características relacionadas al emprendimiento rural femenino en el Perú ni determinar perfiles específicos de la mujer empresaria rural, pero presenta una contribución importante al conocimiento de la actividad empresarial de las mujeres en un determinado contexto rural y una aproximación al perfil y las características de sus empresasTesi

Protective role of mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological flexibility on the burnout subtypes among psychology and nursing undergraduate students

Aims: To explore the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological flexibility, and the burnout subtypes in university students of the Psychology and Nursing degrees, and to analyse possible risk factors for developing burnout among socio-demographic and studies-related characteristics. Design: Cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 644 undergraduate students of Nursing and Psychology from two Spanish universities. Methods: The study was conducted between December 2015 and May 2016. Bivariate Pearson''s correlations were computed to analyse the association between mindfulness facets, self-compassion and psychological flexibility, and levels of burnout. Multivariate linear regression models and bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were also computed. Results: The three subtypes of burnout presented significant correlations with psychological flexibility, self-compassion and some mindfulness facets. Psychological flexibility, self-compassion and the mindfulness facets of observing and acting with awareness were significantly associated to burnout. Among the risk factors, ‘year of study’ was the only variable to show significantly higher risk for every burnout subtype. Conclusion: The significant associations found between mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological flexibility and burnout levels underline the need of including these variables as therapeutic targets when addressing the burnout syndrome in university students. Impact. Undergraduate students, especially those of health sciences, often experience burnout. This study delves into the protective role of some psychological variables: mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological flexibility. These should be considered as potentially protective skills for developing burnout, and therefore, undergraduate students could be trained on these abilities to face their studies and their future profession to prevent experiencing burnout syndrome. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Lt

Oncologist’s knowledge and implementation of guidelines for breakthrough cancer pain in Spain: CONOCE study

[Purpose]: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) has been shown to be a prevalent and poor prognostic factor for oncologic patients, which remain under diagnosed and undertreated. In 2012, the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) published a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the treatment of cancer pain which specifically addressed the management of BTcP.[Methods]: Fundación ECO designed a qualitative study using an Internet-based survey to investigate the attitudes toward, compliance with, and use of SEOM Guideline.[Results]: A total of 83 oncologists with a mean experience of 13 years responded. Overall, 82% were aware of different guidelines to manage BTcP. Notably, attitudes toward guidelines were highly positive and there was nearly unanimous agreement that CPG provided the best scientific evidence available (99%), on the minimum information to be gathered for the medical history (100%), on the need for a specific treatment for BTcP (100%), and fentanyl as the first-choice drug (99%). Interestingly, there were discrepancies between what oncologists agreed with and what they do in clinical practice. In fact, 87.6% declare full compliance with SEOM guideline, although adherence to registration of BTcP data in medical records ranged from 30.1 to 91.6% (mean 64.5%); therapeutic management compliance was higher ranging from 75.9 to 91.6%. Main barriers identified were time pressure together with vague statements and limited dissemination of the guidelines.[Conclusion]: Despite oncologist’s clinical practice is increasingly guided by GPC, it suffers from limited compliance, at least in part due to suboptimal statements. Improved dissemination and education are needed to enhance guideline implementation.This study was funded by Kyowa Kirin Farmacéutica S. L.U. through Fundación ECO

Lentitud de los procesos penales en Málaga

Este artículo presenta un análisis de las causas internas del retraso que sufren los procedimientos penales en nuestra provincia, entendiendo portales causas las que van referidas al propio funcionamiento y estructura de los Juzgados, prescindiendo de las causas externas o generales que afectan también a otras Administraciones

Long-range-transported Canadian smoke plumes in the lower stratosphere over northern France

Long-range-transported Canadian smoke layers in the stratosphere over northern France were detected by three lidar systems in August 2017. The peaked optical depth of the stratospheric smoke layer exceeds 0.20 at 532&thinsp;nm, which is comparable with the simultaneous tropospheric aerosol optical depth. The measurements of satellite sensors revealed that the observed stratospheric smoke plumes were transported from Canadian wildfires after being lofted by strong pyro-cumulonimbus. Case studies at two observation sites, Lille (lat 50.612, long 3.142, 60&thinsp;m&thinsp;a.s.l.) and Palaiseau (lat 48.712, long 2.215, 156&thinsp;m&thinsp;a.s.l.), are presented in detail. Smoke particle depolarization ratios are measured at three wavelengths: over 0.20 at 355&thinsp;nm, 0.18–0.19 at 532&thinsp;nm, and 0.04–0.05 at 1064&thinsp;nm. The high depolarization ratios and their spectral dependence are possibly caused by the irregular-shaped aged smoke particles and/or the mixing with dust particles. Similar results are found by several European lidar stations and an explanation that can fully resolve this question has not yet been found. Aerosol inversion based on lidar 2α+3β data derived a smoke effective radius of about 0.33&thinsp;µm for both cases. The retrieved single-scattering albedo is in the range of 0.8 to 0.9, indicating that the smoke plumes are absorbing. The absorption can cause perturbations to the temperature vertical profile, as observed by ground-based radiosonde, and it is also related to the ascent of the smoke plumes when exposed in sunlight. A direct radiative forcing (DRF) calculation is performed using the obtained optical and microphysical properties. The calculation revealed that the smoke plumes in the stratosphere can significantly reduce the radiation arriving at the surface, and the heating rate of the plumes is about 3.5&thinsp;K&thinsp;day−1. The study provides a valuable characterization for aged smoke in the stratosphere, but efforts are still needed in reducing and quantifying the errors in the retrieved microphysical properties as well as radiative forcing estimates.</p

Determinants of the current and future distribution of the West Nile virus mosquito vector Culex pipiens in Spain

Changes in environmental conditions, whether related or not to human activities, are continuously modifying the geographic distribution of vectors, which in turn affects the dynamics and distribution of vector-borne infectious diseases. Determining the main ecological drivers of vector distribution and how predicted changes in these drivers may alter their future distributions is therefore of major importance. However, the drivers of vector populations are largely specific to each vector species and region. Here, we identify the most important human-activity-related and bioclimatic predictors affecting the current distribution and habitat suitability of the mosquito Culex pipiens and potential future changes in its distribution in Spain. We determined the niche of occurrence (NOO) of the species, which considers only those areas lying within the range of suitable environmental conditions using presence data. Although almost ubiquitous, the distribution of Cx. pipiens is mostly explained by elevation and the degree of urbanization but also, to a lesser extent, by mean temperatures during the wettest season and temperature seasonality. The combination of these predictors highlights the existence of a heterogeneous pattern of habitat suitability, with most suitable areas located in the southern and northeastern coastal areas of Spain, and unsuitable areas located at higher altitude and in colder regions. Future climatic predictions indicate a net decrease in distribution of up to 29.55%, probably due to warming and greater temperature oscillations. Despite these predicted changes in vector distribution, their effects on the incidence of infectious diseases are, however, difficult to forecast since different processes such as local adaptation to temperature, vector-pathogen interactions, and human-derived changes in landscape may play important roles in shaping the future dynamics of pathogen transmission.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio