ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FATTENING BUSINESS INCOME IN BUKIT PARIAMAN VILLAGE, TENGGARONG SEBERANG DISTRICT, KUTAI KARTANEGARA REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

The agricultural sector provides a lot of food for the needs of the population and creates many jobs, especially in rural and urban areas. The large number of conversions to the function of agricultural land as settlements encourages farmers to increase their income by fattening beef cattle which is a side job. The study aimed to determine the production costs and revenues of the beef cattle fattening business and to analyze the income of the beef cattle fattening business in Bukit Pariaman Village, Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. This research was conducted in Bukit Pariaman Village from November 2022 until January 2023. The data collection method was carried out using the census method with a total of 13 respondents, the data analysis method used income analysis. The average production cost of beef cattle fattening business was IDR 129,493,422 breeder-1 cycle-1 with details of an average variable cost of IDR 124,559,256 and an average fixed cost of IDR 4,934,167 breeder-1 cycle-1, with an average rearing scale of 7 cows/breeder. The total revenue from the beef cattle fattening business was IDR 2,085,500,000 cycle-1 with a total number of cattle fattened by 99 heads or an average of IDR 160,423,077 breeder-1 cycle-1 with an average maintenance scale of 7 head breeder-1.The average income of farmers was IDR 402,085,511 cycle-1. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the components at production costs with the highest costs are found in feeder costs of IDR 13,400,000 head, with an admission fee of IDR 21,065,657 head cycle-1, the income received by farmers is IDR 4,061,470 head breeder-1 cycle-

MODEL BISNIS KANVAS DOC AYAM KAMPUNG PT PQR : BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS OF NATIVE CHICKEN DOC PT PQR

The poverty reduction program by the Indonesian government in 2018-2019 had appointed PT. PQR as the distributor of native chicken DOC. This study aimed to analyze the current PT PQR business model and improve the business model. The study used the Business Model Canvas. The findings were the followings. The Customer segment was classified as a niche market with Government as the largest consumer, and the rest was native chicken farmers. The value proportion was to offer vaccinated DOC of native chicken form pure local strain that meets the consumers’ demand. Even though the most effective promotion and sales media was Facebook, PT PQR was unable to increase customer loyalty. The company income resources were sales of DOC, live birds, and fresh-cut native chicken. The main resources were machine, building facilities, and intellectual resources such as ISO management system, cooperation with some experts of BALITNAK and BPATP, and expert staff. The partnership was performed by the acquisition of resources and key activities. Key activities were production activity which relates to transportation from cages-egg reception, egg selection-fumigation-storage in cooling room-hatch-transfer-candling-pull chick. The highest production costs of native chicken DOC were feed and vaccine costs. The improvement programs were increasing production capacity, increasing the number of employees, and cooperating with other native chicken companies. Keywords: business model, business model canvas, business strategic, native chicken, production Abstrak: Program pemerintah Indonesia tahun 2018-2019 mengenai pembagian DOC ayam kampung dalam rangka penanggulangan kemiskinan, PT PQR ditunjuk sebagai supplier DOC ayam kampung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis model bisnis PT PQR saat ini dengan bisnis kanvas model serta alternatif perbaikan model bisnisnya Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan Model Bisnis Kanvas. Segmen pelanggan termasuk pasar ceruk, yaitu Pemerintah yang merupakan pelanggan terbesar, sedangkan pelanggan lainnya ialah peternak ayam kampung. Proporsi nilai berupa penawaran galur murni ayam kampung kampung kualitas DOC sesuai keinginan pelanggan, dan DOC sudah divaksin. Saluran terefektif untuk sarana promosi dan penjualan ialah facebook, walaupun demikian PT PQR kurang dapat meningkatkan kesetiaan pelanggan. Sumber pendapatan perusahaan berasal dari penjualan DOC ayam kampung, ayam kampung hidup, dan ayam kampung potong. Sumber daya utama yang dikuasai berupa fasilitas bangunan dan mesin, dan sumber daya intelektual berupa sistem manajemen ISO, kerja sama dengan Balai Penelitian Ternak, dan staf ahli. Kemitraan dilakukan untuk mengakuisisi sumber daya dan aktivitas tertentu. Aktivitas kunci merupakan aktivitas produksi yang terkait dengan transportasi dari kandang-Penerimaan telur-Penyeleksian telur-Fumigasi-Penyimpanan di cooling room-Pengeraman-Transfer-Candling-Pull chick. Biaya yang paling tinggi untuk memproduksi DOC ayam kampung ialah biaya pakan dan biaya vaksin. Program perbaikan berupa penambahan kapasitas produksi, penambahan jumlah karyawan, dan menjalin kerjasama dengan perusahaan ayam kampung lainnya. Kata kunci: ayam kampung, bisnis kanvas model, model bisnis, strategi bisnis, produks

Interregional traceability of Tunisian olive oils to the provenance soil by multielemental fingerprinting and chemometrics

The aim of this study was to prove the usefulness of multielements as provenance markers of olive oils by evaluating their link with soil composition and their discriminatory power. Eleven elements in twenty-one olive oils and their paired soils from four Tunisian regions were characterized. Chemometrics have been implemented for ICP-MS data processing. Principal component analysis identified the predominant geochemical source of the elements in the oils based on their associations according to Goldschmidt’s rule. Although a clear correlation was not proven, correspondence was identified between the discriminating elements for both the soils and olive oils, which included Fe, Rb, Mg, and Pb. Linear discriminant analysis achieved classification and prediction rates of 92.1% and 87.3%, respectively. Our study substantiates the validity of multielements as markers of the olive oils’ provenance, and that an elemental fingerprinting approach can be successfully applied in the construction of a database of Tunisian olive oils

Mitochondrial abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: can mitochondria be targeted therapeutically?

Mitochondrial abnormalities have been identified as a central mechanism in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and, therefore, the mitochondria have been explored as a therapeutic target. This review will focus on the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we discuss the main strategies which have been explored in these diseases to target the mitochondria for therapeutic purposes, focusing on mitochondrially targeted antioxidants, peptides, modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and phenotypic screening outcomes

Photochemical hydrolysis of m-nitroanisole under high pressure

The photochemical hydrolysis of m-nitroanisole was studied at room temperature under high pressure up to 3000 kg/cm^2. The quantum yield to produce m-nitrophenolate ion in alkaline medium decreased with pressure. That behavior was explained by the difference of the pressure effects on the elimination step of hydroxide ion and that of methoxide ion from the excited σ-complex. the existence of which was already postulated by Havinga and his co-workers

Strategi pengembangan bisnis DOC (Day Old Chicken) ayam kampung PT PQR menggunakan kanvas model bisnis

Indonesian food consumption patterns still dominated by consumption of carbohydrate resources and still lacked of consumption of protein resources. Native chicken is one of protein resources with a significant good prospect. The development of native chicken production also increased year by year. PT PQR is a company engaged in native chicken farms. In 2017 PT PQR unable to fulfill all customer requests due to insufficient production facilities. In 2018, PT PQR increased its production to meet requests from the Government. By the end of 2019 the government program will be complete. PT PQR has concern about the sustainability of its business in the future. Based on the existing problems, it is necessary to know the factors that influence the sustainability of PT PQR's business by knowing the business model and business strategy that will be carried out. The purpose of this study is to map the current business model run by PT PQR, to adapt the demands faced by PT PQR with current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and analyze the transformation that needs to be carried out by the company in developing in the future. The method used to map canvas business models by analyzing nine elements of the canvas business model obtained from in depth interviews with managerial internal and observations. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of companies with SWOT analysis. Alternative strategy for the new canvas business model with SWOT matrix. Based on results of the study, customer segments from PT PQR are the government, independent farmers, group farmers, restaurant owners, supermarkets. Value propositions are pure strain of local chicken, guarantee healthy chichken, DOC has been vaccine, and product can be costumed. Channel elements, namely communication, sales, distribution. Revenue Streams from DOC sales, live chicken sales, carcass sales, and sources of capital come from bank loans. The main resources are physical, intellectual, human resources and financial resources. Key activities include production activities and product marketing. The main partnerships are suppliers. The cost structure is about fixed costs and variable costs. The current business canvas model still needs to be improved in several elements to meet customer demand. PT PQR has strength of having a team of experts. The elements to be improved were elements customer relationships, key resources, key activities, and key partnerships