Mastcam-Z multispectral database from the Perseverance rover’s traverse in the Jezero crater floor, Mars (sols 0-380)

NASA’s Mars-2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying the mafic lava flows of the Máaz formation and the ultramafic cumulates of the Séítah formation. Perseverance’s Mastcam-Z instrument, a pair of multispectral, stereoscopic zoom-lens cameras, provides broadband red/green/blue (RGB), narrowband visible to near-infrared color (VNIR, 440-1020 nm wavelength range). We compiled Mastcam-Z spectra from Perseverance’s exploration of the Jezero crater floor in the first 380 sols of its mission. Here, we provide a database of ~2400 representative spectra with extensive metadata, and the locations of the regions of interest (ROIs) from which the spectra were extracted. We also include “natural color” red, green, blue (RGB) images for context, “enhanced color images” derived by stretching narrowband images, and “decorrelation stretch” (DCS) images. This dataset can serve as a baseline to interpret future observations from Perseverance’s ongoing exploration of Jezero crater, Mars

Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays

The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference

Neptune Odyssey: A Flagship Concept for the Exploration of the Neptune–Triton System

The Neptune Odyssey mission concept is a Flagship-class orbiter and atmospheric probe to the Neptune-Triton system. This bold mission of exploration would orbit an ice-giant planet to study the planet, its rings, small satellites, space environment, and the planet-sized moon Triton. Triton is a captured dwarf planet from the Kuiper Belt, twin of Pluto, and likely ocean world. Odyssey addresses Neptune system-level science, with equal priorities placed on Neptune, its rings, moons, space environment, and Triton. Between Uranus and Neptune, the latter is unique in providing simultaneous access to both an ice giant and a Kuiper Belt dwarf planet. The spacecraft - in a class equivalent to the NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini spacecraft - would launch by 2031 on a Space Launch System or equivalent launch vehicle and utilize a Jupiter gravity assist for a 12 yr cruise to Neptune and a 4 yr prime orbital mission; alternatively a launch after 2031 would have a 16 yr direct-to-Neptune cruise phase. Our solution provides annual launch opportunities and allows for an easy upgrade to the shorter (12 yr) cruise. Odyssey would orbit Neptune retrograde (prograde with respect to Triton), using the moon's gravity to shape the orbital tour and allow coverage of Triton, Neptune, and the space environment. The atmospheric entry probe would descend in ~37 minutes to the 10 bar pressure level in Neptune's atmosphere just before Odyssey's orbit-insertion engine burn. Odyssey's mission would end by conducting a Cassini-like "Grand Finale,"passing inside the rings and ultimately taking a final great plunge into Neptune's atmosphere

The regional sedimentary record of Arabia Terra, Mars.

In the early 2000s, the Mars Global Surveyor revealed the presence of sedimentary deposits distributed widely across the surface of Mars. In this dissertation, I expand on efforts to investigate the stratigraphy of layered deposits in Arabia Terra from high-resolution elevation models, determine plausible formation mechanisms and correlations from measurements of bed thickness, analyze the cratering statistics of stratigraphic unconformities, and progress towards developing a regional stratigraphic framework for Mars. In the first chapter, I introduce and provide an overview of the study of layered deposits on Mars. The second chapter describes regional correlations of two regionally extensive sub-units of layered deposits in Arabia Terra determined by different bed thickness measurements from HiRISE elevation models and morphologic observations. The two subunits, with mean bed thicknesses of 12 and 3 meters, were regionally correlative between adjacent basins, but the units are divided neatly geographically. I then speculate that the same geologic process formed these units at different geologic periods with different prevailing climates to explain the observed differences. The third chapter describes the results of a natural experiment suggested by regional correlations from the first chapter. Two adjacent craters, Sera and Jiji, contained similar layered deposits. I investigated the stratigraphy of these sites to determine how well the stratigraphy correlates by extracting stratigraphic sections from hundreds of outcrops mapped in HiRISE elevation models and modeling the stratigraphy using geostatistical methods. I found that the stratigraphy in each basin is locally correlative between basins as they preserved similar bed thickness sequences. The fourth chapter describes a new crater chronology method to determine hiatus lengths for stratigraphic unconformities by counting embedded craters and using Poisson statistics. The method involves adjusting size-frequency distributions to reflect the statistics for a one-dimensional sample and arbitrary hiatuses using an integral of the cratering rate. I then investigated the unconformity within the sedimentary rocks of Mount Sharp in Gale crater and the basal unconformity of sedimentary deposits in western Arabia Terra. I found that the hiatus within Mount Sharp was likely over one billion years in length and hundreds of millions of years in Arabia Terra. The overlying deposits are likely younger than supposed and possibly formed during the Late Hesperian or more recently in the Amazonian

AndrewAnnex/SpiceyPy: SpiceyPy-1.1.0.dev0

draft release of 1.1.0.dev0, in preparation of v1.1.

AndrewAnnex/SpiceyPy: SpiceyPy 1.1.1

Last release to feature N65 Spice, future releases will target N66 Added added python3.6 builds Fixed fixed formatting on changelog fixed issues with rtd builds Changed version updated converted all downloads to use http

LITHOFACIES, FLOW DIRECTIONS, AND PRELIMINARY DEPOSITIONAL INTERPRETATIONS OF LEDGE-FORMING SANDSTONES AT ALAGNAK, JEZERO CRATER, MARS

International audienceThe Mars 2020 Perseverance rover is exploring a sedimentary deposit interpreted to be theremnants of a delta within Jezero crater, a 45 km diameter Late Noachian-aged crater. During itsexploration of the “lower delta” exposure of the western delta/fan in Jezero crater, Mars (Fig. 1), Perseveranceacquired image and composition data from Alagnak, a ~2 m thick, well-exposed outcrop of clastic sedimentaryrock located at Cape Nukshak (Fig. 1).This outcrop was thoroughly documented from multiple angles at a cm-scale by the Mastcam-Z camerasystem [1] and the Supercam Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) [2] on the Perseverance rover. Dip and strikemeasurements of sedimentary beds were collected from 3D reconstructions of Mastcam-Z stereo-imagescollected using the Planetary Robotics software tools PRoViP and PRo3D [3].In this study, we examine the physical sedimentology and stratigraphic context of the Alagnakoutcrop. The preliminary depositional interpretation of Alagnak is as a prograding, subaqueous fan builtthrough the deposition of many, meter-scale, gravity driven, sediment-rich flows. Flow directions rangedbetween NNE and SW, with principal directions toward SE and E

LITHOFACIES, FLOW DIRECTIONS, AND PRELIMINARY DEPOSITIONAL INTERPRETATIONS OF LEDGE-FORMING SANDSTONES AT ALAGNAK, JEZERO CRATER, MARS

International audienceThe Mars 2020 Perseverance rover is exploring a sedimentary deposit interpreted to be theremnants of a delta within Jezero crater, a 45 km diameter Late Noachian-aged crater. During itsexploration of the “lower delta” exposure of the western delta/fan in Jezero crater, Mars (Fig. 1), Perseveranceacquired image and composition data from Alagnak, a ~2 m thick, well-exposed outcrop of clastic sedimentaryrock located at Cape Nukshak (Fig. 1).This outcrop was thoroughly documented from multiple angles at a cm-scale by the Mastcam-Z camerasystem [1] and the Supercam Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) [2] on the Perseverance rover. Dip and strikemeasurements of sedimentary beds were collected from 3D reconstructions of Mastcam-Z stereo-imagescollected using the Planetary Robotics software tools PRoViP and PRo3D [3].In this study, we examine the physical sedimentology and stratigraphic context of the Alagnakoutcrop. The preliminary depositional interpretation of Alagnak is as a prograding, subaqueous fan builtthrough the deposition of many, meter-scale, gravity driven, sediment-rich flows. Flow directions rangedbetween NNE and SW, with principal directions toward SE and E

Machine Learning Approach to Predict In‐Hospital Mortality in Patients Admitted for Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States

Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects >10 million people in the United States. PAD is associated with poor outcomes, including premature death. Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly used on big data to predict clinical outcomes. This study aims to develop ML models to predict in‐hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for PAD based on a national database. Methods and Results Inpatient hospitalization data were obtained from the 2016 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample. A total of 150 921 inpatients were identified with a primary diagnosis of PAD and PAD‐related procedures using codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Procedure Coding System (ICD‐10‐PCS). Four ML models, including logistic regression, random forest, light gradient boosting, and extreme gradient boosting models, were trained to predict the risk of in‐hospital death based on a selection of variables, including patient characteristics, comorbidities, procedures, and hospital‐related factors. In‐hospital mortality occurred in 1.8% of patients. The performance of the 4 models was comparable, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.83 to 0.85, sensitivity of 77% to 82%, and specificity of 72% to 75%. These results suggest adequate predictability for clinical decision‐making. In all 4 models, the total number of diagnoses and procedures, age, endovascular revascularization procedure, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and diabetes with complications were critical predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of ML in predicting in‐hospital mortality in patients with a primary PAD diagnosis. Findings highlight the potential of ML models in identifying high‐risk patients for poor outcomes and guiding personalized intervention