El euro y la empresa: nivel de adaptación de la moneda única en la gestión empresarial

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a mejorar la información sobre el proceso de adaptación de las empresas al esperado cambio monetario. El propósito es conocer la percepción a nivel general de adaptación que tienen las empresas de Lleida, las ventajas e inconvenientes de la introducción del euro, los costes de adaptación, el nivel de información recibido y la formación del personal para adaptarse a la nueva moneda y, finalmente, identificar las dificultades o problemas de adaptación para cada área funcional de la empresa, así como la temporización de la adaptación prevista. De este trabajo se desprende que la percepción del nivel de adaptación de las empresas es mayor que la adaptación real de las mismas, dato que se observa al comprobar las actividades que ha realizado cada empresa en cada una de las áreas funcionales. Además se constata que las empresas están tratando de resolver la mayoría de dudas durante el primer semestre del año 2001

Anàlisi de polifenols presents en residus agroalimentaris

Treballs Finals de Grau de Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2018, Tutora: Mercè Granados JuanThis work is enrolled to a valuation project of wastes from agri-food industries. It is particularly based on the polyphenols recuperation. Polyphenols are natural antioxidants presents in fruits, vegetables, cereals and beverages. These compounds act against reactive oxygen species which produce processes of oxidation in our body. Several studies confirm that antioxidant from vegetal origin are related to the prevention of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, cancer and aging-related disorders. Research in this field has increased significantly in the recent years due to the beneficious effects that these compounds cause to health. There are two main strategies of analysis of the total content of polyphenols in food products: the first one is based on the determination of the antioxidant capacity; the second one is based on the analysis of the total content of polyphenols by liquid chromatography. In the project, Folin-Ciocalteu, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays were evaluated and compared with the results obtained with liquid chromatography with UV detection. The results of Folin-Ciocalteu and TEAC methods show an appropriate correlation, even with the existent controversy with the equivalence of the values obtained with each assay. Finally, a very good correlation between both methods and HPLC data was observed. Wastes from winery, olive oil and black grape were the samples with most concentration of polyphenol

Liver transcriptome profile in pigs with extreme phenotypes of intramuscular fatty acid composition

Abstract Background New advances in high-throughput technologies have allowed for the massive analysis of genomic data, providing new opportunities for the characterization of the transcriptome architectures. Recent studies in pigs have employed RNA-Seq to explore the transcriptome of different tissues in a reduced number of animals. The main goal of this study was the identification of differentially-expressed genes in the liver of Iberian x Landrace crossbred pigs showing extreme phenotypes for intramuscular fatty acid composition using RNA-Seq. Results The liver transcriptomes of two female groups (H and L) with phenotypically extreme intramuscular fatty acid composition were sequenced using RNA-Seq. A total of 146 and 180 unannotated protein-coding genes were identified in intergenic regions for the L and H groups, respectively. In addition, a range of 5.8 to 7.3% of repetitive elements was found, with SINEs being the most abundant elements. The expression in liver of 186 (L) and 270 (H) lncRNAs was also detected. The higher reproducibility of the RNA-Seq data was validated by RT-qPCR and porcine expression microarrays, therefore showing a strong correlation between RT-qPCR and RNA-Seq data (ranking from 0.79 to 0.96), as well as between microarrays and RNA-Seq (r=0.72). A differential expression analysis between H and L animals identified 55 genes differentially-expressed between groups. Pathways analysis revealed that these genes belong to biological functions, canonical pathways and three gene networks related to lipid and fatty acid metabolism. In concordance with the phenotypic classification, the pathways analysis inferred that linolenic and arachidonic acids metabolism was altered between extreme individuals. In addition, a connection was observed among the top three networks, hence suggesting that these genes are interconnected and play an important role in lipid and fatty acid metabolism. Conclusions In the present study RNA-Seq was used as a tool to explore the liver transcriptome of pigs with extreme phenotypes for intramuscular fatty acid composition. The differential gene expression analysis showed potential gene networks which affect lipid and fatty acid metabolism. These results may help in the design of selection strategies to improve the sensorial and nutritional quality of pork meat.This work was funded by MICINN projects AGL2008-04818-C03/GAN and AGL2011-29821-C02 (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), and by the Innovation Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program (CSD2007-00036, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics). Y. Ramayo-Caldas was funded by a FPU PhD grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación (AP2008-01450), J. Corominas was funded by a FPI PhD grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación (BES-2009-018223), A. Esteve-Codina is recipient of a FPI PhD fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación (BES-2008-005772), Spain.Peer Reviewe

Assessing sleep health in a European population: results of the catalan health survey 2015

Objective To describe the overall sleep health of the Catalan population using data from the 2015 Catalan Health Survey and to compare the performance of two sleep health indicators: sleep duration and a 5-dimension sleep scale (SATED). Methods Multistage probability sampling representative of the non-institutionalized population aged 15 or more years, stratified by age, gender and municipality size, was used, excluding nightshift-workers. A total of 4385 surveys were included in the analyses. Associations between sleep health and the number of reported chronic diseases were assessed using non-parametric smoothed splines. Differences in the predictive ability of age-adjusted logistic regression models of self-rated health status were assessed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess SATED determinants. Results Overall mean (SD) sleep duration was 7.18 (1.16) hours; and SATED score 7.91 (2.17) (range 0–10), lower (worse) scores were associated with increasing age and female sex. Alertness and efficiency were the most frequently impaired dimensions across age groups. SATED performed better than sleep duration when assessing self-rated health status (area under the curve = 0.856 vs. 0.798; p-value <0.001), and had a linear relationship with the number of reported chronic diseases, while the sleep duration relationship was u-shaped. Conclusions Sleep health in Catalonia is associated with age and gender. SATED has some advantaged compared to sleep duration assessment, as it relates linearly to health indicators, has a stronger association with self-rated health status, and provides a more comprehensive assessment of sleep health. Therefore, the inclusion of multi-dimensional sleep health assessment tools in national surveys should be considered.This work was cofunded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [COFUND2014-51501]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease in children aged 7-59 months. A matched case-control study

Background The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was licensed based on the results of immunogenicity studies and correlates of protection derived from randomized clinical trials of the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. We assessed the vaccination effectiveness (VE) of the PCV13 in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children aged 7-59 months in a population with suboptimal vaccination coverage of 55%. Methods The study was carried out in children with IPD admitted to three hospitals in Barcelona (Spain) and controls matched by hospital, age, sex, date of hospitalization and underlying disease. Information on the vaccination status was obtained from written medical records. Conditional logistic regression was made to estimate the adjusted VE and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results 169 cases and 645 controls were included. The overall VE of ≥1 doses of PCV13 in preventing IPD due to vaccine serotypes was 75.8% (95% CI, 54.1-87.2) and 90% (95% CI, 63.9-97.2) when ≥2 doses before 12 months, two doses on or after 12 months or one dose on or after 24 months, were administered. The VE of ≥1 doses was 89% (95% CI, 42.7-97.9) against serotype 1 and 86.0% (95% CI, 51.2-99.7) against serotype 19A. Serotype 3 showed a non-statistically significant effectiveness (25.9%; 95% CI, -65.3 to 66.8). Conclusions The effectiveness of ≥1 doses of PCV13 in preventing IPD caused by all PCV13 serotypes in children aged 7-59 months was good and, except for serotype 3, the effectiveness of ≥1 doses against the most frequent PCV13 serotypes causing IPD was high when considered individually

La follia per als poetes: estudi del motiu de la follia a les literatures d’oc i d’oïl dels s. XII i XIII

Treballs Finals de Grau de Llengües romàniques i les seves Literatures. Facultat de Filologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2019-2020, Tutora: Meritxell Simó Torres[cat] En el present treball s’estudia, des d’una òptica comparada, la forma en què la follia (com a trastorn, tòpic i imaginari) es concreta a diferents gèneres literaris dels territoris d’oc i d’oïl dels segles XII i XIII. L’estudi recorre la lírica dels trobadors, amb especial èmfasi en la figura de Peire Vidal; l’univers del roman courtois, amb els exemples d’Yvany i la tradició tristanyana; i les primeres mostres de teatre profà, aprofundint en el teatre d’Adam de la Halle i el gènere de la sottie. La perspectiva adoptada és volgudament transversal amb l’objectiu tant d’identificar idiosincràsies pròpies dels gèneres com de descobrir-hi possibles filiacions. Paraules clau: follia; trobadors; roman courtois; teatre profà; Adam de la Halle.[eng] In the present work the researcher explores the literary representation of madness (as a mental illness, topic and imagery) in different literary genres during the 12th and 13th centuries in the Oc and Oïl territories. The study analyzes the lyric of the troubadours, with a special emphasis on the lyrics of Peire Vidal; through the roman courtois universe, with Yvain and the Tristan’s tradition as examples; and through the first samples of profane drama, delving into Adam de la Halle’s dramas and sottie’s genre. This work has been achieved through a comparative perspective, which brings together various linguistic and cultural traditions and with an interdisciplinary approach, which takes into account the singularities of the genres and the possible relationships between them. Key words: madness; troubadours; roman courtois; profane drama; Adam de la Halle

De polis republicana a capital de un imperio. Las dinámicas imperialistas romanas en época republicana.

Treballs Finals de Grau en Història, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2013-2014, Tutor: Ma Dolors Molas FontEntre la segunda mitad del siglo III a.C. y la primera mitad del siglo II a.C. los romanos iniciaron una serie de campañas político- militares fuera de la península Itálica que cristalizaron en la conquista del Mediterráneo. Las razones sociopolíticas que incentivaron el proceso expansionista van más allá de una actitud defensiva del Estado, expresándose en forma de dinámicas imperialistas sobre otros grupos, entidades y territorios, logrando así, seguridad, poder y riquez

Chronic Kidney Allograft Disease: New Concepts and Opportunities

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in most countries and kidney transplantation is the best option for those patients requiring renal replacement therapy. Therefore, there is a significant number of patients living with a functioning kidney allograft. However, progressive kidney allograft functional deterioration remains unchanged despite of major advances in the field. After the first post-transplant year, it has been estimated that this chronic allograft damage may cause a 5% graft loss per year. Most studies focused on mechanisms of kidney graft damage, especially on ischemia-reperfusion injury, alloimmunity, nephrotoxicity, infection and disease recurrence. Thus, therapeutic interventions focus on those modifiable factors associated with chronic kidney allograft disease (CKaD). There are strategies to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury, to improve the immunologic risk stratification and monitoring, to reduce calcineurin-inhibitor exposure and to identify recurrence of primary renal disease early. On the other hand, control of risk factors for chronic disease progression are particularly relevant as kidney transplantation is inherently associated with renal mass reduction. However, despite progress in pathophysiology and interventions, clinical advances in terms of long-term kidney allograft survival have been subtle. New approaches are needed and probably a holistic view can help. Chronic kidney allograft deterioration is probably the consequence of damage from various etiologies but can be attenuated by kidney repair mechanisms. Thus, besides immunological and other mechanisms of damage, the intrinsic repair kidney graft capacity should be considered to generate new hypothesis and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, the critical risk factors that define CKaD will be discussed but also how the renal mechanisms of regeneration could contribute to a change chronic kidney allograft disease paradigm

La regulació de l'escriptura d'articles de recerca. Estratègies d'escriptors experts en castellà com a primera llengua i en anglès com a llengua internacional

Des d'una perspectiva situada de la cognició, i concebent l'escriptura com una activitat social i culturalment mediada (Camps i Castelló, 1996; Candlin & Hyland, 1999; Lea & Stierer, 2000; Flowerdew & Peacock, 2001; Johns, 2002; Castelló, Iñesta i Gonzalez, 2008), hem plantejat un estudi comparatiu de dos casos centrat en una tasca autèntica com és l'escriptura d'articles de recerca en condicions ecològiques. Els objectius específics que ens hem plantejat són:1. Identificar, caracteritzar i comparar les activitats de regulació que els nostres escriptors posen en marxa en el procés d'escriptura dels articles de recerca en castellà com a primera llengua (L1) i en anglès com a llengua internacional (ALI) 2. Conèixer si l'ús de la L1 i de l'ALI té un impacte diferencial en els Episodis de Regulació 3. Conèixer si l'ús de la L1 i de l'ALI té un impacte diferencial en l'organització de la informació dels textos finals4. Analitzar la relació entre els reptes que activen els Episodis de Regulació i els suggeriments de millora proposats pels revisors, membres de la mateixa comunitat discursivaLa recollida de dades ha implicat l'ús de metodologies com ara les entrevistes semiestructurades, els diaris d'escriptura, les entrevistes retrospectives, l'anàlisi de casos de pensament, les fitxes d'anàlisi d'esborranys i l'enregistrament de l'activitat escriptora tal i com aquesta es desenvolupa en la pantalla del processador de textos gràcies al programari Camtasia. A més, hem utilitzat una unitat d'anàlisi, l'Episodi de Regulació, que permet considerar de manera integrada els reptes o dificultats identificades pels escriptors i les accions que implementen per resoldre-les. De l'anàlisi de les dades i dels resultats obtinguts podem extreure diferents conclusions. En primer lloc, hem constatat que la regulació de l'activitat escriptora pot donar-se a nivell explícit i a nivell implícit. Aquest resultat indica, doncs, la necessitat de revisitar la conceptualització de la regulació com a fenomen exclusivament explícit. Els resultats obtinguts també mostren que els reptes l'abordament dels quals implica l'ús de coneixements lingüístics o metalingüístics romandrien a un nivell més implícit que els reptes que tenen a veure amb la gestió del procés d'escriptura. En segon lloc, els resultats obtinguts han mostrat que la regulació de l'activitat escriptora a nivell genèric o de procés té a veure amb un patró diferencial d'escriptura (regit per l'acció o regit pel text que es va escrivint) que es manté tant en L1 com en ALI i del qual els escriptors només es mostren parcialment conscients. En tercer lloc, hem pogut constatar que no es produeixen grans diferències entre el procés d'escriptura en L1 i el procés d'escriptura en ALI i que les que s'observen tenen a veure amb reptes molt específics i locals (l'ús intensiu d'ajudes a l'escriptura i d'accions orientades a aconseguir una formulació adequada en ALI), no vinculats a qüestions molars, més relacionades amb la gestió del procés d'escriptura. En quart lloc, l'anàlisi micro ens ha permès constatar que totes les accions que els escriptors implementen durant l'escriptura dels articles responen a una intencionalitat específica i, d'entre les intencionalitats destaca el grau de consens dels escriptors pel que fa a l'atenció a qüestions que tenen a veure amb l'expressió de la veu en el text i la cerca de la precisió i la claredat. Finalment, els resultats obtinguts ens han permès comprovar la gran coincidència entre els reptes que els escriptors aborden en els Episodis de Regulació explícits i els suggeriments de millora proposats pels revisors. Això posaria de manifest que la regulació del procés de composició és una activitat que requereix de la negociació entre la forma habitual de fer (patró d'escriptura), construïda a partir de la pràctica efectiva, i les particularitats de la situació d'escriptura.Desde una perspectiva situada de la cognición, y considerando la escritura como una actividad social y culturalmente mediada (Camps y Castelló, 1996; Candlin y Hyland, 1999; Lea y Stierer, 2000; Flowerdew y Peacock, 2001; Johns, 2002; Castelló, Iñesta y Gonzalez, 2008), hemos planteado un estudio comparativo de dos casos centrado en una tarea auténtica como es la escritura de artículos de investigación en condiciones ecológicas. Los objetivos específicos que nos hemos planteado son:5. Identificar, caracterizar y comparar las actividades de regulación que los escritores ponen en funcionamiento en el proceso de escritura de los artículos de investigación en español como primera lengua (L1) y en inglés como lengua internacional (ILI) 6. Conocer si el uso de la L1 y de la ILI tiene un impacto diferencial en los Episodios de Regulación 7. Conocer si el uso de la L1 y de la ILI tiene un impacto diferencial en la organización de la información de los textos finales8. Analizar la relación entre los retos que activan los Episodios de Regulación y las sugerencias de mejora propuestas por los revisores, miembros de la misma comunidad discursivaLa recogida de datos ha implicado el uso de metodologías como las entrevistas semiestructuradas, los diarios de escritura, las entrevistas retrospectivas, el análisis de casos de pensamiento, las fichas de análisis de borradores del texto y la grabación de la actividad escritora tal y como ésta se desarrolla en la pantalla del procesador de textos gracias al programa Camtasia. Además, hemos utilizado una unidad de análisis, el Episodio de Regulación, que permite considerar de manera integrada los retos o dificultades identificadas por los escritores y las acciones que implementan para resolverlas. Del análisis de los datos y de los resultados obtenidos podemos extraer diferentes conclusiones. En primer lugar, hemos constatado que la regulación de la actividad escritora puede darse a nivel explícito y a nivel implícito. Este resultado indica, pues, la necesidad de revisitar la conceptualización de la regulación como a fenómeno exclusivamente explícito. Los resultados obtenidos también muestran que los retos cuyo abordaje implica el uso de conocimientos lingüísticos o metalingüísticos permanecerían a un nivel más implícito que los retos que tienen que ver con la gestión del proceso de escritura. En segundo lugar, los resultados obtenidos han mostrado que la regulación de la actividad escritora a nivel genérico o de proceso está relacionada con un patrón diferencial de escritura (regido por la acción o regido por el texto que se va escribiendo) que se mantiene tanto en L1 como en ILI y del cual los escritores sólo se muestran parcialmente conscientes. En tercer lugar, hemos podido constatar que no se producen grandes diferencias entre el proceso de escritura en L1 y el proceso de escritura en ILI y que las que se observan tienen que ver con retos muy específicos y locales (el uso intensivo de ayudas a la escritura y de acciones orientadas a conseguir una formulación adecuada en ILI), no vinculadas a cuestiones molares, más relacionadas con la gestión del proceso de escritura. En cuarto lugar, el análisis micro nos ha permitido constatar que todas las acciones que los escritores implementan durante la escritura de los artículos responden a una intencionalidad específica y, de entre las intencionalidades destaca el grado de consenso de los escritores en cuanto a la atención a cuestiones que tienen que ver con la expresión de la voz en el texto y la búsqueda de la precisión y la claridad. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido comprobar la gran coincidencia entre los retos que los escritores abordan en los Episodios de Regulación explícitos y las sugerencias de mejora propuestas por los revisores. Esto pondría de manifiesto que la regulación del proceso de composición es una actividad que requiere la negociación entre la forma habitual de proceder (patrón de escritura), construida a partir de la práctica efectiva, y las particularidades de la situación de escritura.From a situated perspective on cognition and conceiving writing as a socially and culturally mediated activity (Camps & Castelló, 1996; Candlin & Hyland, 1999; Lea & Stierer, 2000; Flowerdew & Peacock, 2001; Johns, 2002; Castelló, Iñesta & Gonzalez, 2008), we have conducted a comparative study of two cases focusing on the authentic task of research article writing in ecological conditions. Our specific objectives have been:1. To identify, characterize and compare the regulation activities that writers implement while writing two research articles: one in Spanish as a first language (L1) and one in English as an International Language (EIL)2. To know if L1 and EIL use has a differential impact on the activities writers implement while writing the research articles 3. To know if L1 and EIL use has a differential impact on the organization of information in the final versión of the articles4. To analyze the relationship between the challenges that actívate the Regulation Episodes and the improvement suggestions made by the editors, members of the same discourse communityData collection has implied the use of methodological instruments such as semistructured interviews, writing diaries, retrospective interviews, thinking case analysis, draft-comparison templates and recording the writing activity as it unfolds in the Word processor screen thanks to the Camtasia software. Moreover, we have used a unit of analysis, the Regulation Episode, that has allowed us to analyze in an integrated way the challenges or difficulties identified by the writers and the actions they have implemented to solve them. From the analysis of the data and the results obtained we the following conclusions can be derived. Firstly, we have observed that writing activity regulation can take place at an explicit and at an implicit level. This result indicates, therefore, the need to reconsider the conceptualization of regulation as an exclusively explicit phenomenon. Our results also show that the challenges whose resolution implies the use of linguistic or metalinguistic knowledge seem to remain at a more implicit level tan those which have to do with writing process management. Secondly, the results obtained show that writing activity regulation at a global or process level is related to a differential writing pattern for each writer (action-driven or text-driven), which is maintained both in L1 and in EIL, and of which writers appear to be only partially aware. Thirdly, no important difference seems to appear between L1 and EIL writing processes, and those which do appear have to do with very specific and local challenges (intensive use of writing helps, and actions oriented towards the attainment of an adequate EIL formulation), and not related with global and writing process management issues. Fourthly, the micro analysis has allowed us to know that the actions writers implement while writing the research articles obey specific communicative intentionalities and, among such intentionalities, it is important to underline that both writers pay attention to the expression of their voice in the text and the search for precision and clarity. Finally, our results have allowed us to see the clear coincidence between the challenges which writers address in the explicit Regulation Episodes and the editors' suggestions for revision. This would show that writing process regulation is an activity which requires the negotiation between the habitual way of writing (the writing pattern), constructed through effective practice, and the particularities of the writing situation