O que há de sensorial nas perturbações do espetro do autismo? : revisão bibliográfica

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018Segundo a literatura médica, 69-100% das crianças com Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo apresentam padrões atípicos de modulação sensorial. Os défices na integração sensorial são frequentemente as primeiras manifestações que os pais destas crianças referem. Ao longo dos tempos, as classificações diagnósticas têm subvalorizado o domínio sensorial das Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo, no entanto, no DSM-5 este passou a ser um critério de diagnóstico. Tal inclusão é reforçada pelo papel das alterações sensoriais no desenvolvimento de estereotipias motoras e comportamentais e pelo seu impacto nas capacidades sociais, de comunicação e de atenção em crianças com Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo. Considerando a heterogeneidade das manifestações clínicas de Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo, os sinais/sintomas de hipo e de hiperresponsividade nos sete sistemas sensoriais apresentam valor diagnóstico na identificação precoce e enquanto possíveis biomarcadores de Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo. Contudo, nenhum destes demonstra evidência científica significativa no presente. Crianças com Perturbações da Regulação do Processamento Sensorial apresentam um risco superior para défices de desenvolvimento, sensoriais, motores, emocionais e comportamentais, logo é necessário estabelecer um diagnóstico diferencial entre estas e Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo. Tal está patente na DC:0-5, através da classificação das Perturbações da Regulação do Processamento Sensorial como diagnóstico de exclusão. A abordagem das crianças com Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo implica a avaliação da componente sensorial, embora os instrumentos sejam escassos. Estas crianças beneficiam de intervenções multidisciplinares, no entanto o papel da terapia de integração sensorial é pouco consistente, por agora.According to the medical literature, 69-100% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders have atypical patterns of sensorial modulation. Deficits in sensorial integration are often the first manifestations that parents of these children report. Over time, diagnostic classifications have underestimated the sensorial domain of Autism Spectrum Disorders, but in DSM-5 this has become a diagnostic criterion. Such inclusion is reinforced by the role of sensorial changes in the development of motor and behavioural stereotypes and by their impact on social, communication and attention capacities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Considering the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorders, the signs/symptoms of hypo and hyperresponsiveness in the seven sensorial systems present diagnostic value in the early identification and as possible biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorders. However, none of these demonstrate significant scientific evidence at present. Children with Regulation Disorders of Sensory Processing present a higher risk for developmental, sensorial, motor, emotional and behavioural deficits, so it is necessary to establish a differential diagnosis between these and Autism Spectrum Disorders. This is shown in DC:0-5, through classification of Regulation Disorders of Sensory Processing as a diagnosis of exclusion. The approach of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders involves the evaluation of the sensorial component, although the instruments have been scarce. These children benefit from multidisciplinary interventions, however the role of sensory integration therapy is inconsistent for now

O que há de sensorial nas perturbações do espetro do autismo? : revisão bibliográfica

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018Segundo a literatura médica, 69-100% das crianças com Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo apresentam padrões atípicos de modulação sensorial. Os défices na integração sensorial são frequentemente as primeiras manifestações que os pais destas crianças referem. Ao longo dos tempos, as classificações diagnósticas têm subvalorizado o domínio sensorial das Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo, no entanto, no DSM-5 este passou a ser um critério de diagnóstico. Tal inclusão é reforçada pelo papel das alterações sensoriais no desenvolvimento de estereotipias motoras e comportamentais e pelo seu impacto nas capacidades sociais, de comunicação e de atenção em crianças com Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo. Considerando a heterogeneidade das manifestações clínicas de Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo, os sinais/sintomas de hipo e de hiperresponsividade nos sete sistemas sensoriais apresentam valor diagnóstico na identificação precoce e enquanto possíveis biomarcadores de Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo. Contudo, nenhum destes demonstra evidência científica significativa no presente. Crianças com Perturbações da Regulação do Processamento Sensorial apresentam um risco superior para défices de desenvolvimento, sensoriais, motores, emocionais e comportamentais, logo é necessário estabelecer um diagnóstico diferencial entre estas e Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo. Tal está patente na DC:0-5, através da classificação das Perturbações da Regulação do Processamento Sensorial como diagnóstico de exclusão. A abordagem das crianças com Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo implica a avaliação da componente sensorial, embora os instrumentos sejam escassos. Estas crianças beneficiam de intervenções multidisciplinares, no entanto o papel da terapia de integração sensorial é pouco consistente, por agora.According to the medical literature, 69-100% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders have atypical patterns of sensorial modulation. Deficits in sensorial integration are often the first manifestations that parents of these children report. Over time, diagnostic classifications have underestimated the sensorial domain of Autism Spectrum Disorders, but in DSM-5 this has become a diagnostic criterion. Such inclusion is reinforced by the role of sensorial changes in the development of motor and behavioural stereotypes and by their impact on social, communication and attention capacities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Considering the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorders, the signs/symptoms of hypo and hyperresponsiveness in the seven sensorial systems present diagnostic value in the early identification and as possible biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorders. However, none of these demonstrate significant scientific evidence at present. Children with Regulation Disorders of Sensory Processing present a higher risk for developmental, sensorial, motor, emotional and behavioural deficits, so it is necessary to establish a differential diagnosis between these and Autism Spectrum Disorders. This is shown in DC:0-5, through classification of Regulation Disorders of Sensory Processing as a diagnosis of exclusion. The approach of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders involves the evaluation of the sensorial component, although the instruments have been scarce. These children benefit from multidisciplinary interventions, however the role of sensory integration therapy is inconsistent for now

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora