PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Leksula yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining pada materi Persamaan dan Pertidaksamaan Linear Satu Variabel. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen (Eksperimental Research) dengan desain penelitian Post Test Only Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Leksula. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 peserta didik di kelas VII/2 dan VII/3. Kelas VII/2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas VII/3 sebagai kelas eksperimen 2. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik uji-t dan hasil penelitian menunjukan ada perbedaan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas eksperimen 1 dengan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan kelas eksperimen 2 dengan model pembelajaran Student facilitator and Explaining. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil perhitungan yang diperoleh yakni, nilai Sig. (2-tailed) lebih kecil dari nilai  α=0,05 yakni 0,000. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disarankan bagi para pendidik untuk mendampingi dan memfasilitasi pelajar dengan metode pembelajaran kooperatif untuk meningkatkan dapat hasil belajar. Pendidik dapat menerapkan metode pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan menimbulkan rasa ingin tahu serta mengarahkan peserta didik untuk berusaha memahami konsep melalui proses penemuan informasi yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik sendir

Análisis de la producción científica de universidades en Comunicación Social (2014 - 2018)

El presente artículo presenta un análisis de las investigaciones en Comunicación social durante los años 2014 - 2018 de estudiantes de pregrado en la ciudad de Trujillo; con el fin de determinar la orientación metodológica y temática se analizaron un total de 192 Tesis mediante una guía de análisis. Metodológicamente la investigación corresponde al enfoque positivista de diseño no experimental descriptivo comparativo. Los principales hallazgos en las universidades son la no evolución de las tesis de pre grado, siguiendo desde hace muchos años con un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental con alcance descriptivo simple, siendo las áreas más trabajadas comunicación audiovisual, comunicología, diseño, publicidad y marketing

Análisis de la producción científica de universidades en Comunicación Social (2014 - 2018)

This document analyzes the research in Social Communication during the years 2014 -2018 of undergraduate students in the city of Trujillo; In order to determine the methodological and thematic orientation, a total of 192 theses were analyzed using an analysis guide. Methodologically, the research corresponds to the positivist approach of comparative descriptive non-experimental design. The main findings in the universities are the non-evolution of undergraduate theses, following for many years with a quantitative approach, of non-experimentaldesign with a simple descriptive scope, the most worked areas being audiovisual communication, communication, design, advertising and marketing.El presente artículo presenta un análisis de las investigaciones en Comunicación social durante los años 2014 - 2018 de estudiantes de pregrado en la ciudad de Trujillo; con el fin de determinar la orientación metodológica y temática se analizaron un total de 192 Tesis mediante una guía de análisis. Metodológicamente la investigación corresponde al enfoque positivista de diseño no experimental descriptivo comparativo. Los principales hallazgos en las universidades son la no evolución de las tesis de pre grado, siguiendo desde hace muchos años con un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental con alcance descriptivo simple, siendo las áreas más trabajadas comunicación audiovisual, comunicología, diseño, publicidad y marketing

AVALIAÇÃO DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE RECURSOS DE ENSINO ON-LINE RELACIONADOS A DIFERENTES ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAGEM

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou a criação de recursos on-line para apoio ao ensino de uma disciplina presencial de cursos de engenharia, com foco na criação de objetos de aprendizagem que pudessem atender aos diferentes estilos de aprendizagem dos estudantes. A partir da identificação dos estilos de aprendizagem de cada aluno, realizou-se a avaliação do seu comportamento com relação aos diferentes objetos. Mais do que avaliar o comportamento dos estudantes, o principal foco do trabalho foi desenvolver recursos de ensino que pudessem responder aos diferentes perfis de aprendizagem, de modo a contribuir para a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem

Early life height and weight production functions with endogenous energy and protein inputs

We examine effects of protein and energy intakes on height and weight growth for children between 6 and 24 months old in Guatemala and the Philippines. Using instrumental variables to control for endogeneity and estimating multiple specifications, we find that protein intake plays an important and positive role in height and weight growth in the 6-24 month period. Energy from other macronutrients, however, does not have a robust relation with these two anthropometric measures. Our estimates indicate that in contexts with substantial child undernutrition, increases in protein-rich food intake in the first 24 months can have important growth effects, which previous studies indicate are related significantly to a range of outcomes over the life cycl

Computational genes: a tool for molecular diagnosis and therapy of aberrant mutational phenotype

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A finite state machine manipulating information-carrying DNA strands can be used to perform autonomous molecular-scale computations at the cellular level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a new finite state machine able to detect and correct aberrant molecular phenotype given by mutated genetic transcripts. The aberrant mutations trigger a cascade reaction: specific molecular markers as input are released and induce a spontaneous self-assembly of a wild type protein or peptide, while the mutational disease phenotype is silenced. We experimentally demostrated in <it>in vitro </it>translation system that a viable protein can be autonomously assembled.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our work demostrates the basic principles of computational genes and particularly, their potential to detect mutations, and as a response thereafter administer an output that suppresses the aberrant disease phenotype and/or restores the lost physiological function.</p

Levantamento das propriedades químicas do solo com diferentes usos agrícolas no baixo Amazonas, Pará/ Survey of chemical properties of soil with different agricultural uses in the lower Amazon, Pará

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento das propriedades químicas do solo submetido a diferentes tipos de uso: cultivo de cacau, sistema agroflorestal e pastagem. As coletas foram realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2016 na comunidade Recreio, que faz parte da zona III do Município de Almeirim, no estado do Pará. Foram coletadas 13 amostras retiradas aleatoriamente em ziguezague a uma profundidade de 20 cm, abrangendo toda a área. A partir dos resultados, foram observadas diferenças importantes entre as áreas com as práticas tradicionais e com atividades conservacionistas, com destaque para o sistema agroflorestal

Large-scale patterns of turnover and basal area change in Andean forests

General patterns of forest dynamics and productivity in the Andes Mountains are poorly characterized. Here we present the first large-scale study of Andean forest dynamics using a set of 63 permanent forest plots assembled over the past two decades. In the North-Central Andes tree turnover (mortality and recruitment) and tree growth declined with increasing elevation and decreasing temperature. In addition, basal area increased in Lower Montane Moist Forests but did not change in Higher Montane Humid Forests. However, at higher elevations the lack of net basal area change and excess of mortality over recruitment suggests negative environmental impacts. In North-Western Argentina, forest dynamics appear to be influenced by land use history in addition to environmental variation. Taken together, our results indicate that combinations of abiotic and biotic factors that vary across elevation gradients are important determinants of tree turnover and productivity in the Andes. More extensive and longer-term monitoring and analyses of forest dynamics in permanent plots will be necessary to understand how demographic processes and woody biomass are responding to changing environmental conditions along elevation gradients through this century

State of the climate in 2018

In 2018, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—continued their increase. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface was 407.4 ± 0.1 ppm, the highest in the modern instrumental record and in ice core records dating back 800 000 years. Combined, greenhouse gases and several halogenated gases contribute just over 3 W m−2 to radiative forcing and represent a nearly 43% increase since 1990. Carbon dioxide is responsible for about 65% of this radiative forcing. With a weak La Niña in early 2018 transitioning to a weak El Niño by the year’s end, the global surface (land and ocean) temperature was the fourth highest on record, with only 2015 through 2017 being warmer. Several European countries reported record high annual temperatures. There were also more high, and fewer low, temperature extremes than in nearly all of the 68-year extremes record. Madagascar recorded a record daily temperature of 40.5°C in Morondava in March, while South Korea set its record high of 41.0°C in August in Hongcheon. Nawabshah, Pakistan, recorded its highest temperature of 50.2°C, which may be a new daily world record for April. Globally, the annual lower troposphere temperature was third to seventh highest, depending on the dataset analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was approximately fifth lowest. The 2018 Arctic land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981–2010 average, tying for third highest in the 118-year record, following 2016 and 2017. June’s Arctic snow cover extent was almost half of what it was 35 years ago. Across Greenland, however, regional summer temperatures were generally below or near average. Additionally, a satellite survey of 47 glaciers in Greenland indicated a net increase in area for the first time since records began in 1999. Increasing permafrost temperatures were reported at most observation sites in the Arctic, with the overall increase of 0.1°–0.2°C between 2017 and 2018 being comparable to the highest rate of warming ever observed in the region. On 17 March, Arctic sea ice extent marked the second smallest annual maximum in the 38-year record, larger than only 2017. The minimum extent in 2018 was reached on 19 September and again on 23 September, tying 2008 and 2010 for the sixth lowest extent on record. The 23 September date tied 1997 as the latest sea ice minimum date on record. First-year ice now dominates the ice cover, comprising 77% of the March 2018 ice pack compared to 55% during the 1980s. Because thinner, younger ice is more vulnerable to melting out in summer, this shift in sea ice age has contributed to the decreasing trend in minimum ice extent. Regionally, Bering Sea ice extent was at record lows for almost the entire 2017/18 ice season. For the Antarctic continent as a whole, 2018 was warmer than average. On the highest points of the Antarctic Plateau, the automatic weather station Relay (74°S) broke or tied six monthly temperature records throughout the year, with August breaking its record by nearly 8°C. However, cool conditions in the western Bellingshausen Sea and Amundsen Sea sector contributed to a low melt season overall for 2017/18. High SSTs contributed to low summer sea ice extent in the Ross and Weddell Seas in 2018, underpinning the second lowest Antarctic summer minimum sea ice extent on record. Despite conducive conditions for its formation, the ozone hole at its maximum extent in September was near the 2000–18 mean, likely due to an ongoing slow decline in stratospheric chlorine monoxide concentration. Across the oceans, globally averaged SST decreased slightly since the record El Niño year of 2016 but was still far above the climatological mean. On average, SST is increasing at a rate of 0.10° ± 0.01°C decade−1 since 1950. The warming appeared largest in the tropical Indian Ocean and smallest in the North Pacific. The deeper ocean continues to warm year after year. For the seventh consecutive year, global annual mean sea level became the highest in the 26-year record, rising to 81 mm above the 1993 average. As anticipated in a warming climate, the hydrological cycle over the ocean is accelerating: dry regions are becoming drier and wet regions rainier. Closer to the equator, 95 named tropical storms were observed during 2018, well above the 1981–2010 average of 82. Eleven tropical cyclones reached Saffir–Simpson scale Category 5 intensity. North Atlantic Major Hurricane Michael’s landfall intensity of 140 kt was the fourth strongest for any continental U.S. hurricane landfall in the 168-year record. Michael caused more than 30 fatalities and $25 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages. In the western North Pacific, Super Typhoon Mangkhut led to 160 fatalities and$6 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages across the Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Tropical Storm Son-Tinh was responsible for 170 fatalities in Vietnam and Laos. Nearly all the islands of Micronesia experienced at least moderate impacts from various tropical cyclones. Across land, many areas around the globe received copious precipitation, notable at different time scales. Rodrigues and Réunion Island near southern Africa each reported their third wettest year on record. In Hawaii, 1262 mm precipitation at Waipā Gardens (Kauai) on 14–15 April set a new U.S. record for 24-h precipitation. In Brazil, the city of Belo Horizonte received nearly 75 mm of rain in just 20 minutes, nearly half its monthly average. Globally, fire activity during 2018 was the lowest since the start of the record in 1997, with a combined burned area of about 500 million hectares. This reinforced the long-term downward trend in fire emissions driven by changes in land use in frequently burning savannas. However, wildfires burned 3.5 million hectares across the United States, well above the 2000–10 average of 2.7 million hectares. Combined, U.S. wildfire damages for the 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons exceeded $40 billion (U.S. dollars)