Baryons with Two Heavy Quarks as Solitons

Using the chiral soliton model and heavy quark symmetry we study baryons containing two heavy quarks. If there exists a stable (under strong interactions) meson consisting of two heavy quarks and two light ones, then we find that there always exists a state of this meson bound to a chiral soliton and to a chiral anti-soliton, corresponding to a two heavy quark baryon and a baryon containing two heavy anti-quarks and five light quarks, or a ``heptaquark".Comment: 7 pages and 2 postscript figures appended, LaTex, UCI-TR 94-3

Heavy Quark Solitons: Strangeness and Symmetry Breaking

We discuss the generalization of the Callan-Klebanov model to the case of heavy quark baryons. The light flavor group is considered to be $SU(3)$ and the limit of heavy spin symmetry is taken. The presence of the Wess-Zumino-Witten term permits the neat development of a picture , at the collective level, of a light diquark bound to a ``heavy" quark with decoupled spin degree of freedom. The consequences of $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking are discussed in detail. We point out that the $SU(3)$ mass splittings of the heavy baryons essentially measure the ``low energy" physics once more and that the comparison with experiment is satisfactory.Comment: 17 pages, RevTEX. Minor typos corrected and new references adde

Excited Heavy Baryons in the Bound State Picture

The orbitally excited heavy quark baryons are studied in the Callan Klebanov bound state model with heavy spin symmetry. First, a compact description of the large $N_c$, infinite heavy quark mass bound state wavefunctions and the collective quantization is given. In order to study the kinematical corrections due to finite masses we motivate an approximate Schrodinger-like equation for the bound state. The effective potential in this equation is compared with the quadratic approximation (spherical harmonic oscillator) to it. This oscillator approximation is seen to be not very accurate. It is noted that the present experimental information cannot be even qualitatively understood with the usual light sector chiral Lagrangian containing only light pseudoscalar mesons. The addition of light vector mesons helps to overcome this problem.Comment: LaTex, 23 pages, SU-4240-586/UCI-TR 94-3

Advancing methods for research on household water insecurity: Studying entitlements and capabilities, socio-cultural dynamics, and political processes, institutions and governance

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Household water insecurity has serious implications for the health, livelihoods and wellbeing of people around the world. Existing methods to assess the state of household water insecurity focus largely on water quality, quantity or adequacy, source or reliability, and affordability. These methods have significant advantages in terms of their simplicity and comparability, but are widely recognized to oversimplify and underestimate the global burden of household water insecurity. In contrast, a broader definition of household water insecurity should include entitlements and human capabilities, socio-cultural dynamics, and political institutions and processes. This paper proposes a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods that can be widely adopted across cultural, geographic, and demographic contexts to assess hard-to-measure dimensions of household water insecurity. In doing so, it critically evaluates existing methods for assessing household water insecurity and suggests ways in which methodological innovations advance a broader definition of household water insecurity