1,667 research outputs found

    Valoración mediante una encuesta de la negativa a la vacunación frente al virus del papiloma humano: estudio de los motivos para no vacunar

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    Treball de Final de Grau en Medicina. Codi: MD1158. Curs acadèmic 2016-2017Objetivo: La vacuna frente al Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) ha demostrado ser la estrategia más eficaz en la prevención del cáncer de cérvix. Desde el año 2008 forma parte del Calendario de Vacunación Sistemática Infantil en la Comunidad Valenciana. Sin embargo, se ha observado que la tasa de vacunación no alcanza los objetivos recomendados. Este trabajo tiene como fin, identificar los motivos por los que las familias rechazan la administración de esta vacuna a sus hijas adolescentes, y plantear estrategias para mejorar la cobertura vacunal. Método: Se contactará vía telefónica con los padres de una muestra representativa de las adolescentes nacidas entre 1994 y 2004 adscritas al Centro de Salud Illes Columbretes. Se les informará de manera sistemática mediante un texto consensuado entre los investigadores. Si el entrevistado está de acuerdo se le pasará la encuesta. Resultados: De las 120 niñas encuestadas, 56 no respondieron el cuestionario, de las cuales 36 habían sido ya vacunadas. En las 64 restantes que sí lo contestaron, los motivos más frecuentes para no aceptar la vacuna fueron: miedo a los efectos secundarios, dudas sobre la justificación y efectividad, dudas acerca de la veracidad de la información sobre la misma. Conclusión: Para poder mejorar la tasa de vacunación actual, es fundamental que el personal sanitario informe a las familias, para ampliar sus conocimientos sobre el cáncer de cérvix y la vacuna frente al VPH, disminuyendo así sus dudas e incertidumbre y favoreciendo que puedan tomar decisiones con rigor y sin poner en riesgo la salud de sus hijas.Objective: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has proven to be the most effective strategy in the prevention of cervical cancer. Since 2008, it is part of the Children Systematic Vaccination Calendar in the Valencian Community. However, it has been observed that the vaccination rate does not reach the recommended targets. This work aims to identify the reasons why families refuse to administer this vaccine to their teenagers daughters, and to propose strategies to improve vaccination coverage. Methodology: Parents of a representative sample of adolescents born between 1994 and 2004, attached to the Illes Columbretes Health Center, will be contacted by telephone. They will be systematically informed through an agreed text among researchers. If the interviewee agrees, the survey will be passed. Results: Of the 120 girls surveyed, 56 did not respond to the questionnaire, of which 36 had already been vaccinated. In the remaining 64 respondents, the most frequent reasons for not accepting the vaccine were: fear of side effects, doubts about justification and effectiveness, doubts about the veracity of the information about the vaccine. Conclusion: Fort he purpose of enhancing the current vaccination rate, it is essential for health staff to inform families to increase their knowledge of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine, thereby reducing their doubts and uncertainties and encouraging them to make rigorous decisions about the vaccine. All in all, the ultimate aim is to protect teenager´s health

    Models and Computational Methods Applied to Industrial Gas Separation Processes and Enhanced Oil Recovery

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    [eng] Two main topics are treated in this doctoral thesis from a theoretical and computational point of view: the gas capture and separation from post-combustion flue gases, and the enhanced oil recovery from oil reservoirs. The first topic evaluates the separation of CO2 using three different materials. First, several zeolites from the Faujasite family are studied with a combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo methods. The former is employed to understand the driving mechanisms of adsorption, whereas the latter served to assess the separation of CO2 from a flue gas formed by a ternary mixture of CO2, N2 and O2. Second, the adsorption of CO2, N2 and SO2 into Mg-MOF-74 obtained through DFT calculations is presented to determine the most fundamental gas/MOF interactions. The results are then coupled to a Langmuir isotherm model to derive the macroscopic adsorption isotherms of the three gases in Mg-MOF-74. Finally, the absorption of CO2 and SO2 into three different phosphonium-based Ionic Liquids (ILs) is addressed by using the soft-SAFT equation of state and the COSMO-RS model. From the calculated adsorption/absorption isotherms several properties are obtained, such as the purity in the recovered gas, the working capacity of the materials and their selectivity to capture CO2 in the presence of other contaminant species. The main results obtained from this part of the thesis reveal that the cations of microporous materials are very strong sites of absorption for polar gases (i.e., the Na+ cations in Faujasites or the Mg2+ cations in Mg-MOF-74). This feature makes them very good candidates for CO2 capture, but they can be easily poisoned by other polar gases such as SO2. For this reason, it is highly recommended to desulphurize the flue gas before using any of these adsorbents. Similarly, ILs have higher affinity for SO2 than for CO2. However, the gas/IL interactions are significantly weaker, so they do not become poisoned by SO2. This fact implies that SO2 can be captured and separated from the flue gas by using a phosphonium-based IL. The second topic describes via Molecular Dynamics simulations the interactions of several model oils with different rocks and brines. The obtained insight can be applied in better understanding the interactions of the species present at oil reservoirs, with direct application in enhanced oil recovery processes. To that end, two wettability indicators are monitored to determine the potential recovery of the model oils. First, the oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) under different conditions of temperature, pressure and salinity (i.e., from pure water to 2.0 mol/kg of NaCl or CaCl2). And second, the oil/water/rock contact angle (CA) on calcite (10-14) and kaolinite (001) also as a function of salinity (i.e., from pure water to 2.0 mol/kg of NaCl or CaCl2). The different model oils are built with molecules of different chemical nature representing the Saturate/Aromatic/Resin/Asphaltene (SARA) fractionation model. In a final stage of the doctoral thesis the effect of non-ionic surfactants at the oil/brine IFT is also included. The main results obtained show that the most polar components of oil migrate to the oil/water interface and reduce the IFT. However, the same compounds feel attracted to the rock, who increase the CA and hamper the oil recovery. Some of these interactions are affected by the presence of salt. Specifically, if a water layer is formed between the oil and the rock in a reservoir, electrolytes can diffuse into it and attract the polar components of oil, ultimately increasing the CA. Finally, cations can be attracted to the oil/water interface due to salt/surfactant interactions. Both species interact synergistically to modify their orientation/distribution at the interface and reduce the oil/water IFT.[cat] En aquesta tesi doctoral s’han tractat dos temes principals des d’una perspectiva teòrica i computacional: la captura i separació de gasos de post-combustió, i la recuperació millorada de petroli. El primer tema avalua la separació de CO2 utilitzant tres materials diferents. Primer, s’han estudiat diverses zeolites de la família de les Faujasites amb una combinació de teoria del funcional de la densitat (TFD) i mètodes Monte Carlo per entendre els mecanismes d’adsorció separació de CO2 d’una mescla ternària que conté CO2, N2 i O2. Seguidament, s’ha presentat un estudi TFD d’adsorció de CO2, N2 i SO2 en Mg-MOF-74 per determinar les interaccions fonamentals del MOF amb cada gas. Aquesta informació s’ha acoblat a un model d’isoterma de Langmuir per tal de derivar les isotermes d’adsorció macroscòpiques dels tres gasos en Mg-MOF-74. Finalment, s’ha analitzat l’absorció de CO2 i SO2 en tres Líquids Iònics (LIs) basats en fosfoni mitjançant l’equació d’estat soft-SAFT i el model COSMO-RS. D’altra banda, el segon tema descriu les interaccions de diferents models de petroli amb roques i salmorres, via simulacions de Dinàmica Molecular. El coneixement adquirit en aquesta part de la tesi doctoral es pot aplicar directament a la recuperació millorada de petroli i per entendre millor les interaccions de les espècies presents als pous. Amb aquesta finalitat, s’han controlat dos indicadors de la mullabilitat per determinar la recuperació potencial d’aquests models de petroli. Primer la tensió interfacial (TIF) oli/aigua sota diferents condicions de temperatura, pressió i salinitat (des d’aigua pura a 2.0 mol/kg de NaCl o CaCl2). I segon, l’angle de contacte oli/aigua/roca en calcita (10-14) i caolinita (001) en funció de la salinitat (des d’aigua pura a 2.0 mol/kg de NaCl o CaCl2). Els diferents models de petroli s’han construït amb molècules de diferent naturalesa química representant el model de fraccionament Saturat/Aromàtic/Resina/Asfaltè (SARA). En una etapa final de la tesi doctoral s’ha inclòs l’efecte en la TIF induïda pels surfactants no-iònics a la interfase oli/salmorra

    Expansión de Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (Asteraceae) por las carreteras del Pirineo y su relación con el uso de glifosfato

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    Damos cuenta de la rápida expansión de la compuesta Dittrichia graveolens por las carreteras del Pirineo aragonés occidental, especie de fenología otoñal que estaba ausente hasta el momento de su flora. Ligamos esta súbita aparición al uso primaveral del herbicida glifosato para el mantenimiento de las cunetas.We describe the rapid expansion of Dittrichia graveolens (Compositae) on the roads of Western Aragonese Pyrenees.This species has an autumnal phenology and was absent at the time of the West Pyrenean flora. This sudden appearance we believe that is due to the use of the herbicide glyphosate in the spring, for removing herbs of drainage ditches

    El Androsacion vandellii en el Pirineo: Androsacetum pyrenaicae, nueva asociación de los extraplomos silíceos

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    Androsacion vandelli in the Pyrenees: Androsacetum pyrenaicae, a new community from the siliceous hoverhangs rocksEl Androsacion vandellii en el Pirineo: Androsacetum pyrenaicae, nueva asociación de los extraplomos silíceo

    Relación aproximada de las plantas vasculares descritas para la flora ibero-macaronésica en 2004

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    Aproximación a la flora, la vegetación y la conservación de las lagunas temporales mediterráneas de la provincia de Soria

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    Aportamos información sobre flora y vegetación de 26 lagunas sorianas, en su mayor parte temporales de tipo mediterráneo, hábitat prioritario pa- ra su conservación en la Unión Europea. Describimos una nueva asociación de la- gunas temporales mediterráneas, con Elatine brochonii y Marsilea strigosa, espe- cie de interés comunitario. Solicitamos la inclusión de 7 lagunas en el Catálogo de Zonas Húmedas de Interés Especial de Castilla y León y la designación de LICs que amparen a 14 de ellas ante la Unión Europea.We provide information on flora and vegetation of 26 pools of Soria, mostly Mediterranean temporary ponds; this is a priority natural habitat type for conservation in the European Union. We describe a new association of Medi- terranean temporary ponds, with Elatine brochonii and Marsilea strigosa, a species of Community interest. We request the inclusion of seven lakes in the Directory of Wetlands of Special Interest in Castilla & Leon, and the designation of Sites of Community Importance (SCI) that protect them in Europe

    La sociedad de consumo en una Europa en crisis

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