Evaluation of heart failure prognostic factors in patients referred for heart transplantation

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the survival of patients with heart failure submitted to cardiac transplantation screening as well as identify poor prognostic factors using a risk score to identify patients with higher death risk. METHODS: 330 male and female patients aged 12 to 74 years old, referred for heart transplantation from January 1986 to November 2001 were evaluated. Clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, Holter monitoring, echocardiographic and radionuclide ventriculography data were analyzed. RESULTS: The median follow up period was 5 years; patients' survival rate was 84.5% in the first year, 74.3% in the second year, 68.9% in the third year and 60.5% in the fifth year. The prognostic variables selected through the univariate analysis were: age, Chagas' disease etiology for cardiomyopathy, NYHA functional classes III and IV, orthopnea, systolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, pulse pressure, plasma urea, sodium, glucose, albumin, bilirubin, hemoglobin, and mean heart rate. The prognostic variables at the multivariate analysis were: ejection fraction, blood urea, and hemoglobin. The risk score: RR=exp[(-0.0942401 x ejection fraction) + (0.0105207 x blood urea) + (-0.2974991 x hemoglobin) + (-0.0132898 x age) + (-0.0099115 x blood glucose)] discriminated the population with a higher death risk. CONCLUSION: Patients' survival was satisfactory despite heart failure severity, suggesting they can be maintained on optimized clinical treatment until persistent clinical deterioration takes place. Ejection fraction, ventricular diameters, and clinical functional class alone should not be used as an indication for heart transplantation. The risk score could help discriminate the population with the poorest prognosis.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a sobrevida dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca encaminhados para transplante cardíaco, e identificar os fatores de pior prognóstico a fim de estabelecer um escore para reconhecer os pacientes de maior risco de óbito. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 330 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 74 anos, encaminhados para transplante cardíaco no período de janeiro de 1986 a novembro de 2001. Foi feita análise de variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais, e de dados de eletrocardiografia, Holter, ecocardiografia e ventriculografia radioisotópica. RESULTADOS: O período mediano de acompanhamento foi de cinco anos e a sobrevida dos pacientes no primeiro ano foi de 84,5%, no segundo ano foi de 74,3%, no terceiro ano foi de 68,9%, no quarto ano foi de 64,8% e, no quinto ano, foi de 60,5%. As variáveis prognósticas selecionadas na análise univariada, estatisticamente significantes, foram: idade, etiologia chagásica, classes funcionais III e IV, ortopnéia, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial média, pressão de pulso, uréia plasmática, sódio plasmático, glicemia, albumina, bilirrubina, hemoglobina e freqüência cardíaca média. As variáveis prognósticas na análise multivariada estatisticamente significantes foram: fração de ejeção, uréia e hemoglobina. O escore de risco foi calculado de acordo com a fórmula: RR = exp[(-0,0942401 x fração de ejeção) + (0,0105207 x uréia) + (-0,2974991 x hemoglobina) + (-0,0132898 x idade) + (-0,0099115 x glicemia)], discriminando a população com maior probabilidade de óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da sobrevida satisfatória, trata-se de amostra de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca grave, sugerindo que esses pacientes podem ser mantidos em tratamento clínico otimizado até que apresentem deterioração clínica persistente. A fração de ejeção, os diâmetros ventriculares e a classe funcional não devem ser usados de forma isolada para indicação de transplante cardíaco. O escore de risco pode ser útil para discriminar a população com pior prognóstico.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Association between sleep-disordered breathing and breast cancer aggressiveness

Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated with cancer aggressiveness, but studies focused on specific tumors are lacking. In this pilot study we investigated whether SDB is associated with breast cancer (BC) aggressiveness. Methods 83 consecutive women <65 years diagnosed with primary BC underwent a home respiratory polygraphy. Markers of SDB severity included the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI4). The Ki67 proliferation index, lack of hormone receptors (HR-), Nottingham Histological Grade (NHG), and tumor stage were used as markers of BC aggressiveness. The association between SDB and molecular subtypes of BC was also assessed. Results The mean (SD) age was 48.8 (8.8) years and body mass index was 27.4 (5.4) Kg/m2. 42 women (50.6%) were post-menopausal. The median (IQR) AHI was 5.1 (2–9.4), and ODI4 was 1.5 (0.5–5.8). The median (IQR) AHI did not differ between the groups with Ki67>28% and Ki6728% and Ki67<29% (51.2% vs 52.3%, p = 0.90), HR- and HR+ (58.3% vs 49.1%, p = 0.47), NHG categories (p = 0.89), different tumor stages (p = 0.71), or molecular subtypes (p = 0.73). These results did not change when the ODI4 was used instead of the AHI. Conclusion Our results do not support an association between the presence or severity of SDB and BC aggressiveness.Asociación de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica del Sur (NEUMOSUR) 1/201

Impacto del uso e incorporación de una wiki en el aprendizaje de la Biología

Este estudio fue desarrollado para conocer el impacto del uso e incorporación de una wiki en el aprendizaje de la Biología, como una forma de buscar estrategias para el mejoramiento del desempeño académico de los estudiantes de octavo grado de una secundaria colombiana  e incentivar su interés y participación en la clase de dicha ciencia. El enfoque metodológico utilizado correspondió a los métodos mixtos, con un diseño exploratorio secuencial en modalidad comparativa. El análisis de la información obtenida permitió evidenciar, que el uso e incorporación de una wiki ayudó a modificar el rol del docente y las interacciones de los alumnos, de tal forma que se logró transformar la enseñanza tradicional de las clases y promover el trabajo cooperativo

Stopping power of Au for silver ions at low velocities

Energy loss measurements for the slowing down of Ag ions in Au, in the velocity range 1:6v0 < v < 4:4v0, where v0 is the Bohr velocity, are presented. The measurements were performed using the Doppler shift technique and also with a new method, where a secondary beam of low velocity heavy ions is produced by elastic scattering of the accelerated beam. The results are compared to the SRIM2000 calculations (www.srim.org) and to recent measurements in this velocity region

The age again in the eye of the COVID-19 storm: evidence-based decision making

Background: One hundred fifty million contagions, more than 3 million deaths and little more than 1 year of COVID-19 have changed our lives and our health management systems forever. Ageing is known to be one of the significant determinants for COVID-19 severity. Two main reasons underlie this: immunosenescence and age correlation with main COVID-19 comorbidities such as hypertension or dyslipidaemia. This study has two aims. The first is to obtain cut-off points for laboratory parameters that can help us in clinical decision-making. The second one is to analyse the effect of pandemic lockdown on epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters concerning the severity of the COVID-19. For these purposes, 257 of SARSCoV2 inpatients during pandemic confinement were included in this study. Moreover, 584 case records from a previously analysed series, were compared with the present study data. Results: Concerning the characteristics of lockdown series, mild cases accounted for 14.4, 54.1% were moderate and 31.5%, severe. There were 32.5% of home contagions, 26.3% community transmissions, 22.5% nursing home contagions, and 8.8% corresponding to frontline worker contagions regarding epidemiological features. Age > 60 and male sex are hereby confirmed as severity determinants. Equally, higher severity was significantly associated with higher IL6, CRP, ferritin, LDH, and leukocyte counts, and a lower percentage of lymphocyte, CD4 and CD8 count. Comparing this cohort with a previous 584-cases series, mild cases were less than those analysed in the first moment of the pandemic and dyslipidaemia became more frequent than before. IL-6, CRP and LDH values above 69 pg/mL, 97 mg/L and 328 U/L respectively, as well as a CD4 T-cell count below 535 cells/?L, were the best cut-offs predicting severity since these parameters offered reliable areas under the curve. Conclusion: Age and sex together with selected laboratory parameters on admission can help us predict COVID-19 severity and, therefore, make clinical and resource management decisions. Demographic features associated with lockdown might affect the homogeneity of the data and the robustness of the results

Design and implementation of a standard care programme of therapeutic exercise and education for breast cancer survivors

Background Breast cancer survivors (BCS) face several symptoms and are at higher risk of weight gain following diagnosis. Current literature shows that both exercise and diet play a key role in recovery of BCS. However, there is a gap between current guidelines and the real-world context. The aim of this article is to describe the process behind a free, not-for-proft community-based therapeutic exercise and education programme (TEEP) for BCS in the clinical setting. Methods The “Onco-Health Club” (OHC) consists of therapeutic exercise (TE) intervention aimed at ameliorating cancerrelated fatigue (CRF) and improving QoL and physical function. TE is supplemented with nutritional education, providing information about the Mediterranean diet. To this end, patients are recruited from an oncologist and are referred to a physiotherapist and a nutritionist for baseline assessment. TEEP consists of a 3-month intervention, delivered twice a week in a group format with 1 h of TE and 30 min of nutritional education. BCS then have a fnal assessment and are advised to continue with a healthy lifestyle. Data about referral, compliance and assessment were collected. Results From May 2017 to February of 2020, a total of 158 patients were recruited from 8 cohorts and 142 initially started the OHC. From 119 that joined the program, 96 patients were considered to have fnished it with good adherence (assistance>80%). BCS signifcantly improved their QoL, as well as upper and lower limb’s function, and increased their level of physical activity. CRF tended to decrease (p=0.005). Conclusions This study obtained data on recruitment, compliance, and possible limitations of these kinds of programmes in a real-world context. Further research is needed in order to optimize patient engagement and compliance, as well as to determine the transferability of these programmes in the clinical setting. Trial registration NCT03879096, Registered 18th March 2019. Retrospectively registered.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research project was partially funded by Contract No. PS16060 in IBIMA between Novartis-IBIMA (Translation Research in Cancer B-01 & Clinimetric F-14) for the physiotherapist and the nutritionist in the assessment. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA

Prognostic impact of a suboptimal number of analyzed metaphases in normal karyotype lower-risk MDS

Conventional karyotype is one of the most relevant prognostic factors in MDS. However, about 50% of patients with MDS have a normal karyotype. Usually, 20-25 normal metaphases (nMP) are considered to be optimal to exclude small abnormal clones which might be associated with poor prognosis. This study evaluated the impact of examining a suboptimal number of metaphases in patients recruited to the EUMDS Registry with low and intermediate-1 risk according to IPSS. Only 179/1049 (17%) of patients with a normal karyotype had a suboptimal number of nMP, defined as less than 20 metaphases analyzed. The outcome (overall survival and progression-free survival) of patients with suboptimal nMP was not inferior to those with higher numbers of analyzed MP both in univariate and multivariate analyses. For patients with an abnormal karyotype, 224/649 (35%) had a suboptimal number of MP assessed, but this did not impact on outcome. For patients with a normal karyotype and suboptimal numbers of analyzable metaphases standard evaluation might be acceptable for general practice, but we recommend additional FISH-analyses or molecular techniques, especially in candidates for intensive interventions

COVID-19 : Age, Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and lymphocytes as key clues from a multicentre retrospective study

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 infection has widely spread to become the greatest public health challenge to date, the COVID-19 pandemic. Different fatality rates among countries are probably due to non-standardized records being carried out by local health authorities. The Spanish case-fatality rate is 11.22%, far higher than those reported in Asia or by other European countries. A multicentre retrospective study of demographic, clinical, laboratory and immunological features of 584 Spanish COVID-19 hospitalized patients and their outcomes was performed. The use of renin-angiotensin system blockers was also analysed as a risk factor. Results: In this study, 27.4% of cases presented a mild course, 42.1% a moderate one and for 30.5% of cases, the course was severe. Ages ranged from 18 to 98 (average 63). Almost 60 % (59.8%) of patients were male. Interleukin 6 was higher as severity increased. On the other hand, CD8 lymphocyte count was significantly lower as severity grew and subpopulations CD4, CD8, CD19, and NK showed concordant lowering trends. Severity-related natural killer percent descents were evidenced just within aged cases. A significant severity-related decrease of CD4 lymphocytes was found in males. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with a better prognosis. The angiotensin II receptor blocker use was associated with a more severe course. Conclusions: Age and age-related comorbidities, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension or diabetes, determined more frequent severe forms of the disease in this study than in previous literature cohorts. Our cases are older than those so far reported and the clinical course of the disease is found to be impaired by age. Immunosenescence might be therefore a suitable explanation for the hampering of immune system effectors. The adaptive immunity would become exhausted and a strong but ineffective and almost deleterious innate response would account for COVID-19 severity. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors used by hypertensive patients have a protective effect in regards to COVID-19 severity in our series. Conversely, patients on angiotensin II receptor blockers showed a severer disease

Revisão externa das Diretrizes da SBC segundo a ferramenta AGREE II - Precisamos rever nossas Diretrizes?

INTRODUÇÃO: Diretrizes Clínicas devem ser documentos elaborados de forma sistemática que visam em primeiro lugar apoiar com a melhor informação médica disponível a decisão de um paciente e de um profissional de saúde. Adicionalmente também podem ser utilizadas pelo gestor para a formulação de políticas públicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade metodológica de 3 Diretrizes Clínicas da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) segundo uma ferramenta aceita internacionalmente para esta finalidade, e sugerir melhorias na elaboração deste tipo de documento. MÉTODOS: 12 avaliadores independentes (4 por documento) utilizaram a ferramenta AGREE II para avaliar metodologicamente três Diretrizes Clínicas da SBC que abordam assuntos de extrema importância e prevalência na população mundial: Hipertensão Arterial, Diabetes e Dislipidemia. RESULTADOS: Segundo a avaliação das 3 Diretrizes, pelos baixos escores recebidos principalmente nos domínios de Envolvimento das Partes Interessadas, Aplicabilidade da Diretriz e em especial no Rigor do Desenvolvimento, 2 delas foram consideradas com uma metodologia de elaboração insatisfatória. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade metodológica das Diretrizes Clínicas da SBC foi considerada insatisfatória. Sugerimos neste artigo estratégias para aprimorar o processo de elaboração de futuros documentos