Un quartier antique de Brocomagus/Brumath (7-9 rue du Général Rampont), Bas-Rhin

L’urbanisme de la capitale de cité des Triboques, Brumath/Brocomagus, est relativement mal connu et la plupart de ses monuments publics ne sont pas localisés. L’habitat est très partiellement documenté par quelques fouilles récentes restées inédites à ce jour.L’intervention archéologique réalisée en 2009 rue Rampont apporte des données nouvelles et précises sur le développement spatial et chronologique d’un secteur central de l’agglomération. Les premières installations, qui s’inscrivent entre la fin du Ier siècle av. J.-C. et le début du Ier siècle ap. J.-C., posent la question de l’origine de la ville et des modalités de son développement. Le caractère urbain est nettement perceptible à partir des années 30/40 de notre ère avec la mise en place d’un quartier d’habitation et de thermes publics. L’organisation parcellaire fait l’objet de restructurations dans la seconde moitié du Ier siècle avant de devenir stable du IIe siècle à la fin du IIIe siècle. Les terrains ne sont plus bâtis au cours de la première moitié du IVe siècle, à part le bâtiment des thermes, partiellement occupé. Une nouvelle organisation d’habitat se met en place dans la seconde moitié du IVe siècle jusqu’au ve siècle, témoignant du dynamisme tardif de l’agglomération.The urbanism of the capital of the Triboci, Brumath/Brocomagus has provided new and detailed data on the spatial and chronological development of the centre of the conurbation. The first installations, dating to the end of the 1st century BC and the beginning of the 1st century AD question the origins of the town and how it subsequently developed. The urban structure is clear from as early as 30/40 AD with the founding of a residence quarter and public baths. The plots are reorganised in the second half of the 1st century before stabilising from the 2nd to the 3rd century. No additional plots are built on from the first half of the 4th century, except for the baths which were only used in part. A new organisation of the settlement is put into place during the second half of the 4th to the 5th century and attests a late dynamism of the conurbation.Über das Stadtgefüge von Brumath/Brocomagus, dem Hauptort der civitas der Triboker, weiß man relativ wenig und nur wenige öffentliche Bauwerke sind lokalisiert. Das Siedlungswesen ist nur in geringem Maße durch einige neuere noch unveröffentlichte Ausgrabungen dokumentiert.Die archäologische Intervention, die 2009 in der Rue Rampont vorgenommen wurde, hat neue genaue Informationen zur räumlichen und zeitlichen Entwicklung eines zentralen Sektors von Brocomagus geliefert. Die ersten Siedlungsspuren aus der Zeit zwischen dem Ende des 1. Jh. v. Chr. und dem Beginn des 1. Jh. n. Chr. werfen die Frage nach dem Ursprung und den Umständen der Entwicklung der Stadt auf. Der städtische Charakter ist ab 30/40 n. Chr. deutlich erkennbar, als ein Wohnviertel und öffentliche Thermen gebaut werden. Die Parzellenorganisation wird in der zweiten Hälfte des 1. Jh. neugeordnet, vom 2. bis Ende des 3. Jh. besteht sie unverändert fort. In der ersten Hälfte des 4. Jh. weisen die Grundstücke, abgesehen von den teilweise weiter genutzten Thermen, keine Bebauungspuren mehr auf. In der zweiten Hälfte des 4. Jh. und bis zum 5. Jh zeugt eine Neuorganisation des Wohnraums von der späten Dynamik der Ortschaft

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Reims, rue Saint-Symphorien : décors de deux pièces contiguës

La domus de la rue Saint-Symphorien à Reims (Marne), fouillée en 2006 par l’Inrap, a livré plusieurs lots de peintures, dont les principaux posent notamment la question du décor de deux pièces contiguës. Les peintures, en place sur les murs ou effondrées au sol, laissent penser que la grande salle de réception ainsi qu’une plus petite étaient ornées d’un même décor, à fond noir et rouge audessus d’une haute plinthe rose mouchetée. Mêlé à ces fragments, un ensemble à fond blanc, agrémenté de bandes de rouge cinabre et d’imagines clipeatae de belle facture, vestige d’un état antérieur, semble avoir orné un des murs de la petite salle, en coexistence avec le décor polychrome.The domus in rue Saint-Symphorien in Reims (Marne), which was excavated in 2006 by the Institut national de recherches archéologiques preventives (Inrap), was found to contain sets of paintings, the most important of which raised the question of the decoration in two adjacent rooms. The paintings, which were either still in situ on the walls or in pieces on the ground, suggest that the large and smaller reception room were decorated with the same decor, that is to say, a black and red ground above a high, flecked pink socle. Coexisting with this polychrome decoration and mixed with these fragments, it seems that one of the walls in the smaller room featured a series of elements on a white ground, embellished with beautifully created imagines clipeatae and bands in cinnabar red, the vestiges of an earlier period.Die 2006 vom Inrap ausgegrabene domus der Rue Saint-Symphorien in Reims (Marne) hat mehrere Ensembles von Wandmalereien geliefert. Die Hauptwerke stellen insbesondere die Frage nach dem Dekor aus zwei aneinander grenzenden Räumen. Die noch an den Wänden haftenden oder am Boden liegenden Malereien legen nahe, dass das gleiche Dekor sowohl den großen Empfangsaal als auch einen kleineren Nebenraum schmückte : schwarz-und rotgrundige Felder über einer hohen rosa gesprenkelten Sockelzone. Unter den Fragmenten befand sich ein zu einer älteren Phase gehöriges Ensemble, dessen Dekor auf weißem Grund mit zinnoberroten Streifen und qualitätvollen imagines clipeatae gemeinsam mit dem polychromen Dekor eine der Wände des kleinen Raumes geschmückt zu haben scheint

"Un exceptionnel décor de stucs provenant du site du Nouvel Hôpital"

National audienc

Martizay : nouvelle lecture et nouvelle présentation

Le site de Saint-Romain près de Martizay (Indre) a livré au cours des campagnes de fouilles successives (de 1947 à 1971) un certain nombre d’enduits peints fragmentaires. L’étude des deux ensembles principaux a abouti à la restitution partielle de deux parois d’origine : un monochrome rouge où les panneaux sont encadrés de délicats motifs de masques, de vases et d’oiseaux, et où les candélabres appuyés sur des rapaces ou des éléments architecturaux supportent des tableautins, d’une part ; et d’autre part, un décor à fond blanc enrichi de thyrses croisés, de bouquets de feuilles et de guirlandes. Dans le nouveau musée archéologique créé en 2009, une part importante est faite à la présentation des peintures murales, les fragments originaux étant exposés face à des fac-similés.A series of excavations (1947– 71) at the Saint-Romain site near Martizay (Indre) turned up a number of fragmentary painted plasters. Study of the two most important resulted in the partial reconstruction of two original walls : first, a monochrome red with panels framed by delicate mask motifs, vases and birds, and where candelabra are supported by birds of prey or architectural elements support small scenes ; second, a decor on a white ground features crossed thyrsus staffs, garlands and bouquets of foliage. A section of the new archaeological museum, created in 2009, features wall paintings, with original fragments exhibited beside facsimiles.Der Fundplatz Saint-Romain bei Martizay (Indre) hat im Laufe der von 1947 bis 1971 aufeinander folgenden Grabungskampagnen eine Anzahl fragmentarischer Wandmalereien geliefert. Die Untersuchung der beiden Hauptensembles hat zur Rekonstruktion von zwei der ursprünglichen Wände geführt : Einerseits ein monochromes rotes Ensemble, dessen Felder von zarten Maskenmotiven, Vasen und Vögeln gerahmt werden ; dazwischen ist ein Dekor mit Greifen und Schirmkandelabern zu sehen, deren oberen Abschluss Bildtafeln bilden ; andererseits, ein Dekor auf weißem Grund mit gekreuzten Thyrsusstäben, Blattgebinden und Girlanden. Das neue, 2009 eröffnete archäologische Museum räumt den Wandmalereien einen bedeutenden Platz ein, wobei die Originalfragmente gegenüber von Reproduktionen ausgestellt sind

Martizay : nouvelle lecture et nouvelle présentation

International audienc

Les décors peints de la villa du ‘Champtier-des-Cerisiers’ à Longjumeau (Essonne) : scènes de chasse et de repas

International audienc

Peinture murale romaine au musée de Martizay: Deux décors de Saint-Romain. Musée archéologique de Martizay,

International audienc