Characterization of an infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus carrier cell culture with resistance to superinfection with heterologous viruses

A state of persistence of a non susceptible fish cell line with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was established in vitro by experimental infection. The persistently infected culture showed sustained production of infectious virus and could be continuously passaged for months. A distinct feature of this culture is that only a very small fraction of the cells harbours virus replication, in contrast to other reported IPNV-persistently infected cells from salmonid fish, where nearly all the cells express viral antigens. In spite of the small number of detectable IPNV-infected cells, the carrier culture shows resistance to superinfection with homologous as well as heterologous viruses. Temperature shift-up experiments indicate that viral interference is due to continuous replication of IPNV in the culture. Quantitation of Mx gene expression suggested that the interference phenomenon could be mediated by the activation of the interferon (IFN) system. However, conditioned medium from the IPNV-infected cell cultures only marginally protected other cells against VHSV infection, indicating that other type I IFN-independent mechanism may be underlying the resistance of the persistently infected culture to infection with heterologous viruses. Our study defines a novel in vitro model of IPNV persistence and contributes to the understanding of the widespread distribution of aquabirnaviruses in marine and fresh water environments by establishing a carrier state in non susceptible fish species

Desde el aprendizaje al futuro profesional. Un recorrido por el máster

Reflexión crítica desde el comienzo del máster en profesorado de educación secundaria obligatoria, formación profesional y enseñanzas de idiomas, artísticas y deportivas, mostrando una visión personal a partir de las expectativas creadas al inicio y su evolución al cumplir los objetivos de las actividades desarrolladas en el curso, para conseguir una salida profesional futura

Selective death of human breast cancer cells by lytic immunoliposomes: Correlation with their HER2 expression level

Trastuzumab (Herceptin™) targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is overexpressed in 20–30% of breast and ovarian cancers carrying a bad prognosis. Our purpose was to target HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells with pegylated immunoliposomes bearing trastuzumab and containing melittin, which has recently shown anticancer properties. Using a panel of human breast cancer cells with different HER2 expression levels, these immunoliposomes decreased cancer cells viability in a dose–response manner and in correlation to their level of HER2 expression. Specific binding of the immunoliposomes to SKBr3 breast cancer cells was shown by ImageStream-based analysis. The morphological changes observed in the treated cells suggested a cytolytic process. This preclinical approach may suppose an effective strategy for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing tumors, and can support the development of an early phases I–II clinical trial. Trastuzumab resistant breast cancer cells (JIMT-1), can also be targeted using this approach

Dinámicas en el establecimiento de las especies de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) y enfermedades vectoriales humanas asociadas al cambio climático

Las alteraciones del clima provocan variaciones en la emergencia y reemergencia de vectores y las enfermedades vectoriales asociadas a ellos. Las condiciones del medio facilitan o impiden su establecimiento en distintos hábitats posibilitando o dificultando la aparición de las enfermedades. Los datos conocidos en nuestro país muestran la posibilidad real de la aparición de enfermedades ya que se viene observando un incremento de generaciones anuales, en muchas especies vectoras, tanto por la reducción del tiempo de desarrollo larvario como por la extensión temporal del período óptimo estacional fruto del ascenso de las temperaturas. El estudio de la bioecología y de la dinámica poblacional de los principales vectores, los mosquitos Culícidos, se postula de vital importancia para poder predecir escenarios locales

Dinâmica no estabelecimento de espécies de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) e vetores humanos de doenças associadas às mudanças climáticas

Climate alterations cause variations in the emergence and reemergence of vectors and vector diseases associated with them. Environmental conditions facilitate or prevent their establishment in different habitats, making possible or hindering the appearance of diseases. The data known in our country show the real possibility of the appearance of diseases since an increase in annual generations has been observed in many vector species, both due to the reduction in larval development time and the temporal extension of the optimal seasonal fruit period. of the rise in temperatures. The study of the bioecology and population dynamics of the main vectors, culicid mosquitoes, is of vital importance in order to predict local scenarios.Las alteraciones del clima provocan variaciones en la emergencia y reemergencia de vectores y las enfermedades vectoriales asociadas a ellos. Las condiciones del medio facilitan o impiden su establecimiento en distintos hábitats posibilitando o dificultando la aparición de las enfermedades. Los datos conocidos en nuestro país muestran la posibilidad real de la aparición de enfermedades ya que se viene observando un incremento de generaciones anuales, en muchas especies vectoras, tanto por la reducción del tiempo de desarrollo larvario como por la extensión temporal del período óptimo estacional fruto del ascenso de las temperaturas. El estudio de la bioecología y de la dinámica poblacional de los principales vectores, los mosquitos Culícidos, se postula de vital importancia para poder predecir escenarios locales.As mudanças climáticas causam variações na emergência e reemergência de vetores e doenças vetoriais associadas a eles. As condições ambientais facilitam ou impedem seu estabelecimento em diferentes habitats, possibilitando ou dificultando o aparecimento de doenças.. Os dados conhecidos em nosso país mostram a real possibilidade do aparecimento de doenças, pois tem sido observado aumento de gerações anuais em muitas espécies de vetores, tanto pela redução do tempo de desenvolvimento larval quanto pela extensão temporal do período ótimo de frutificação sazonal. o aumento das temperaturas. O estudo da bioecologia e dinâmica populacional dos principais vetores, mosquitos culicídeos, é de vital importância para a previsão de cenários locais

Dinámicas en el establecimiento de las especies de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) y enfermedades vectoriales humanas asociadas al cambio climático

Las alteraciones del clima provocan variaciones en la emergencia y reemergencia de vectores y las enfermedades vectoriales asociadas a ellos. Las condiciones del medio facilitan o impiden su establecimiento en distintos hábitats posibilitando o dificultando la aparición de las enfermedades. Los datos conocidos en nuestro país muestran la posibilidad real de la aparición de enfermedades ya que se viene observando un incremento de generaciones anuales, en muchas especies vectoras, tanto por la reducción del tiempo de desarrollo larvario como por la extensión temporal del período óptimo estacional fruto del ascenso de las temperaturas. El estudio de la bioecología y de la dinámica poblacional de los principales vectores, los mosquitos Culícidos, se postula de vital importancia para poder predecir escenarios locales

Mytilus galloprovincialis Myticin C: A Chemotactic Molecule with Antiviral Activity and Immunoregulatory Properties

Previous research has shown that an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of the myticin class C (Myt C) is the most abundantly expressed gene in cDNA and suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries after immune stimulation of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. However, to date, the expression pattern, the antimicrobial activities and the immunomodulatory properties of the Myt C peptide have not been determined. In contrast, it is known that Myt C mRNA presents an unusual and high level of polymorphism of unidentified biological significance. Therefore, to provide a better understanding of the features of this interesting molecule, we have investigated its function using four different cloned and expressed variants of Myt C cDNA and polyclonal anti-Myt C sera. The in vivo results suggest that this AMP, mainly present in hemocytes, could be acting as an immune system modulator molecule because its overexpression was able to alter the expression of mussel immune-related genes (as the antimicrobial peptides Myticin B and Mytilin B, the C1q domain-containing protein MgC1q, and lysozyme). Moreover, the in vitro results indicate that Myt C peptides have antimicrobial and chemotactic properties. Their recombinant expression in a fish cell line conferred protection against two different fish viruses (enveloped and non-enveloped). Cell extracts from Myt C expressing fish cells were also able to attract hemocytes. All together, these results suggest that Myt C should be considered not only as an AMP but also as the first chemokine/cytokine-like molecule identified in bivalves and one of the few examples in all of the invertebrates

Jardins per a la salut

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia. Assignatura: Botànica farmacèutica. Curs: 2014-2015. Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són el recull de les fitxes botàniques de 128 espècies presents en el Jardí Ferran Soldevila de l’Edifici Històric de la UB. Els treballs han estat realitzats manera individual per part dels estudiants dels grups M-3 i T-1 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos de febrer a maig del curs 2014-15 com a resultat final del Projecte d’Innovació Docent «Jardins per a la salut: aprenentatge servei a Botànica farmacèutica» (codi 2014PID-UB/054). Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pels professors de l’assignatura. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica. També s’ha pretès motivar els estudiants a través del retorn de part del seu esforç a la societat a través d’una experiència d’Aprenentatge-Servei, deixant disponible finalment el treball dels estudiants per a poder ser consultable a través d’una Web pública amb la possibilitat de poder-ho fer in-situ en el propi jardí mitjançant codis QR amb un smartphone

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe