Regional research priorities in brain and nervous system disorders

The characteristics of neurological, psychiatric, developmental and substance-use disorders in low-and middle-income countries are unique and the burden that they have will be different from country to country. Many of the differences are explained by the wide variation in population demographics and size, poverty, conflict, culture, land area and quality, and genetics. Neurological, psychiatric, developmental and substance-use disorders that result from, or are worsened by, a lack of adequate nutrition and infectious disease still afflict much of sub-Saharan Africa, although disorders related to increasing longevity, such as stroke, are on the rise. In the Middle East and North Africa, major depressive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder are a primary concern because of the conflict-ridden environment. Consanguinity is a serious concern that leads to the high prevalence of recessive disorders in the Middle East and North Africa and possibly other regions. The burden of these disorders in Latin American and Asian countries largely surrounds stroke and vascular disease, dementia and lifestyle factors that are influenced by genetics. Although much knowledge has been gained over the past 10 years, the epidemiology of the conditions in low-and middle-income countries still needs more research. Prevention and treatments could be better informed with more longitudinal studies of risk factors. Challenges and opportunities for ameliorating nervous-system disorders can benefit from both local and regional research collaborations. The lack of resources and infrastructure for health-care and related research, both in terms of personnel and equipment, along with the stigma associated with the physical or behavioural manifestations of some disorders have hampered progress in understanding the disease burden and improving brain health. Individual countries, and regions within countries, have specific needs in terms of research priorities.Fil: Ravindranath, Vijayalakshmi. Indian Institute of Science; IndiaFil: Dang, Hoang Minh. Vietnam National University; VietnamFil: Goya, Rodolfo Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Mansour, Hader. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos. Mansoura University; EgiptoFil: Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit L.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Russell, Vivienne Ann. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Xin, Yu. Peking University; Chin

Qualité physico-chimique des eaux usées de la station d’épuration de la ville de S’anaa (Yémen)

Dans le souci de reduire le flux des polluants presents dans les eaux usees des agglomerations urbaines de la republique de Yemen, une etude preliminaire a ete entreprise au niveau de la station dfepuration de laville de SfANAA (Yemen). Cette etude avait comme premier objectif dfestimer la pollution physico-chimique globale dans les effluents de la STEP. Il sfagissait dfabord, dfidentifier les sources et les origines de pollution a lfentree de la station, et ensuite dfetudier les performances epuratoires de la station dfepuration. Le but est deramener les teneurs des elements polluants dans lfeau en dessous des valeurs fixees par les normes internationales. Des mesures d'indicateurs de qualite ont ete effectuees pendant six mois sur des echantillonspreleves suivant une frequence de quatre fois par mois. Les rendements epuratoires moyens atteignent 90,99% en DBO5, 89,99% en DCO et 86,4% en MES. L'elimination des orthophosphates est assez elevee avec un rendement moyen de 68%. De maniere globale, les teneurs moyennes en sels restent assez elevees par rapport a la limite tolerable pour un rejet de raffinerie des eaux usees dans un milieu recepteur. Par ailleurs, on arevele une moyenne de 100,5 mg/l (} 12,02) pour les NH4 avec un taux dfabattement de 33% et une moyenne de 2152,75 ƒÊs/cm (} 151,49) pour les conductivites electriques

Role of Qat chewing and mate consumption in human oral carcinogenesis

[No abstract available]Scopu

Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society

peer reviewe