Association of PLA1/PLA2ITGB3 gene polymorphism with progression and clinical course of hypertension

The features of the formation, implementation and medical care of arterial hypertension in patients with isolated AH and its combination with the metabolic syndrome were analyzed in two groups formed according to the ITGB3 genotype. There were discovered significant differences in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the nature of pathology progress, provided treatment and nature of night-time decrease in blood pressure.В двух группах, сформированных в зависимости от генотипа по гену ITGB3, анализировались особенности формирования, реализации и лечения артериальной гипертензии у пациентов с изолированной АГ и при ее сочетании с метаболическим синдромом. Выявлены достоверно значимые различия в анализируемых группах по уровню систолического и диастолического АД, по характеру развития сопутствующей патологии, проводимого лечения и характеру ночного снижения АД

Characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and expression of costimulatory molecules in chronic echinococcus granulosus infection of the human liver

Background: The local immune responses to chronic echinococcal infections in various organs are largely unknown. Since the liver is the most frequently involved organ in such infections in human we aimed to characterize the inflammatory as well as immune cell infiltrate around hydatid cysts in the liver and compared to common inflammatory processes of the liver. Method: Surgical samples from the liver of 21 cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients were studied and the distribution of different types of inflammatory and immune cells were determined by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, expression levels of costimulatory CTLA4, CD28, CD80 and CD86 molecules were measured at RNA level by PCR. Liver biopsy samples from patients with steatohepatitis (SH, n = 11) and chronic hepatitis (CH, n = 11) were used as non-inflammatory and chronic inflammatory controls, respectively. The composition and density of the inflammatory and immune cell infiltrates have been compared by using morphometry. Results: CD3+ T cells predominated the inflammatory infiltrate in all pathological processes, while in CE samples CD20+ B cells, in CH samples CD68+ macrophages were also frequent. Both myeloperoxidase (MPO) + leukocytes and CD68+ macrophages were found to be significantly decreased in CE as compared to either SH or CH samples. Concerning T cell subtypes, only CD8+ T cells were found to be significantly decreased in SH samples. CD1a + dendritic cells were almost completely missing from CE biopsies unlike in any other sample types. There were no differences detected in the mRNA expression of costimulatory molecules except decreased expression of CD28 in CE samples. Conclusion: In the hydatid lesions of the liver of chronic echinococcal infections T cell-mediated immunity seems to be impaired as compared to other types of chronic inflammatory processes, suggesting an immunosuppressive role for Echinococcus granulosus, which deserve further attentions

Mixture effects in samples of multiple contaminants – An inter-laboratory study with manifold bioassays

© 2018 Chemicals in the environment occur in mixtures rather than as individual entities. Environmental quality monitoring thus faces the challenge to comprehensively assess a multitude of contaminants and potential adverse effects. Effect-based methods have been suggested as complements to chemical analytical characterisation of complex pollution patterns. The regularly observed discrepancy between chemical and biological assessments of adverse effects due to contaminants in the field may be either due to unidentified contaminants or result from interactions of compounds in mixtures. Here, we present an interlaboratory study where individual compounds and their mixtures were investigated by extensive concentration-effect analysis using 19 different bioassays. The assay panel consisted of 5 whole organism assays measuring apical effects and 14 cell- and organism-based bioassays with more specific effect observations. Twelve organic water pollutants of diverse structure and unique known modes of action were studied individually and as mixtures mirroring exposure scenarios in freshwaters. We compared the observed mixture effects against component-based mixture effect predictions derived from additivity expectations (assumption of non-interaction). Most of the assays detected the mixture response of the active components as predicted even against a background of other inactive contaminants. When none of the mixture components showed any activity by themselves then the mixture also was without effects. The mixture effects observed using apical endpoints fell in the middle of a prediction window defined by the additivity predictions for concentration addition and independent action, reflecting well the diversity of the anticipated modes of action. In one case, an unexpectedly reduced solubility of one of the mixture components led to mixture responses that fell short of the predictions of both additivity mixture models. The majority of the specific cell- and organism-based endpoints produced mixture responses in agreement with the additivity expectation of concentration addition. Exceptionally, expected (additive) mixture response did not occur due to masking effects such as general toxicity from other compounds. Generally, deviations from an additivity expectation could be explained due to experimental factors, specific limitations of the effect endpoint or masking side effects such as cytotoxicity in in vitro assays. The majority of bioassays were able to quantitatively detect the predicted non-interactive, additive combined effect of the specifically bioactive compounds against a background of complex mixture of other chemicals in the sample. This supports the use of a combination of chemical and bioanalytical monitoring tools for the identification of chemicals that drive a specific mixture effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a panel of bioassays can provide a diverse profile of effect responses to a complex contaminated sample. This could be extended towards representing mixture adverse outcome pathways. Our findings support the ongoing development of bioanalytical tools for (i) compiling comprehensive effect-based batteries for water quality assessment, (ii) designing tailored surveillance methods to safeguard specific water uses, and (iii) devising strategies for effect-based diagnosis of complex contamination

Association of DNMT3B and DNMN3L Gene Polymorphisms with Early Pregnancy Loss

A total of 100 women with early pregnancy loss were recruited and further classified into two subgroups: sporadic pregnancy loss and recurrent pregnancy loss; each subgroup consisted of 50 women. The control group included 56 women with normal pregnancies. Genotyping was performed by PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. A statistically significant increase in the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele for DNMT3B rs2424913 polymorphism was found in the total patient group and in both patient subgroups in comparison with the control. Moreover, homozygous TT genotype was associated with increased risk of early pregnancy loss (both sporadic and recurrent). DNMT3B rs2424913 gene polymorphism in women can be used a marker of predisposition to early pregnancy loss and recurrent pregnancy loss. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Two-Phase Electrolysis Process: From The Bubble To The Electrochemical Cell Properties

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AlN films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering and high power impulse magnetron sputtering for SAW applications

International audienceIn this work, aluminium nitride (AlN) films were deposited on silicon substrates buffered by an epitaxial AlN thin film for surface acoustic wave (SAW) applications. The films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering (dcMS) and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) deposition techniques. The structural properties of AlN films were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In both cases of films deposited by dcMS and HiPIMS, the XRD results showed that the obtained films are oriented, with full width at half maximum rocking curves of around 1 degrees. Raman spectroscopy revealed higher residual stress relaxation in the AlN epilayers grown by HiPIMS compared to AlN grown by dcMS, highlighted by a blue shift in the E2(high) Raman mode. The SAW measurements indicated an insertion loss of AlN-SAW devices of about 53 and 35 dB for the AlN films deposited by dcMS and HiPIMS respectively. The relation between the structural properties of AlN and the characteristics of AlN-SAW devices were correlated and discussed

Effect of genotypes of representatives of certain ethnic groups on ability to engage in different types of physical activity

There was investigated the distribution of l/D ACE polymorphism, which predisposes to sports activity among the Arab populations of Algeria and Syria, as well as in Russians from Central Russia. The ACE genotypes were established using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 55 healthy Algerians with the mean age of 33.4±11.6 years, 40 Syrians (25.5±7.9 years) and 59 Russians (20.5±6.8 years). A significant difference was found in the ACE genotype distribution between Russians and Algerians (X2 = 40.52; P-0.00019), and between Russians and Syrians (X2 = 19.57; P =0.038). The results show the l/D ACE polymorphism among Arabs and Russians should be considered in the identification of the genetic potential of physical qualities to select the optimal physical activity and develop a personalized approach to training in order to achieve best athletic performance. The research was conducted at the Department of Biology and General Genetics, Medical Institute of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia