116 research outputs found

    Specific GFP-binding artificial proteins ( Rep): a new tool for in vitro to live cell applications

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    International audienceA family of artificial proteins, named αRep, based on a natural family of helical repeat was previously designed. αRep members are efficiently expressed, folded and extremely stable proteins. A large αRep library was constructed creating proteins with a randomized interaction surface. In the present study, we show that the αRep library is an efficient source of tailor-made specific proteins with direct applications in biochemistry and cell biology. From this library, we selected by phage display αRep binders with nanomolar dissociation constants against the GFP. The structures of two independent αRep binders in complex with the GFP target were solved by X-ray crystallography revealing two totally different binding modes. The affinity of the selected αReps for GFP proved sufficient for practically useful applications such as pull-down experiments. αReps are disulfide free proteins and are efficiently and functionally expressed in eukaryotic cells: GFP-specific αReps are clearly sequestrated by their cognate target protein addressed to various cell compartments. These results suggest that αRep proteins with tailor-made specificity can be selected and used in living cells to track, modulate or interfere with intracellular processes

    Synthesis and antibacterial activities of cadiolides A, B and C and analogues

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    The one-pot multicomponent synthesis of natural butenolides named cadiolides A, B, C and analogues has been realized. The antibacterial structure activity relationship shows that the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the number and position of bromine atoms on the different aromatic rings are important features for antibacterial activity, besides it was demonstrated the tolerance of both benzene and furan ring at position 3 of the butenolide nucleus. Furthermore, none of the most relevant antibacterial compounds showed any cytotoxicity in freshly isolated human neutrophils

    La filiacion y la fecundacion "in vitro"

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    Las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida no solo representan una solucion para ayudar a superar problemas de esterilidad, sino que su practica conlleva problemas eticos y juridicos. Esta Tesis analiza los problemas que plantea la fecundacion "in vitro", desde el punto de vista de la filiacion, para determinar la paternidad y maternidad cuando se utilizan los gametos de la pareja o de un tercero. Desde este punto de vista, se estudian la situacion juridica del tercero -llamado donante- y de las madres subrogadas, asi como las acciones de filiacion Tambien se examina la problematica que plantea la congelacion de semen y embriones, al poder un hombre engendrar un hijo despues de muerto. Entre las fuentes que se analizan estan los principales informes extranjeros que han estudiado la problematica de estas tecnicas, asi como el Informe especial de..

    Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

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    RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

    Rôle des protéines de l'endocytose dans la mécanotransduction et la physiopathologie de la myopathie centronucléaire autosomique dominante

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    Clathrin and dynamin 2 (DNM2), two key proteins of intracellular membrane trafficking, are co-expressed at specialized adhesion and force transmitting sites of muscle fibers called costameres. These assemblies link the plasma membrane to the extracellular matrix and to the contractile units of muscle. Importantly, mutations in their components cause several distinct myopathies. At the plasma membrane, clathrin forms large flat lattices interacting with costameric cytoskeleton. Clathrin depletion leads to defective costamere formation and induces an impairment of contractile properties. In addition, it has been shown that DNM2 mutations cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM). In this project, I set out to investigate the interaction between clathrin plaques and the surrounding cytoskeleton with a particular emphasis on DNM2 contribution. I show that actin filaments surrounding mechanically sensitive clathrin plaques anchor a three-dimensional web of muscle-specific intermediate filaments and sequestrate YAP/TAZ, two nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins involved in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, my work demonstrates costameric defects in vivo in an heterozygous knock-in mouse model harboring the most frequent CNM mutation. By virtue of shaping both clathrin lattices and branched actin filaments, and by forming a complex with TAZ, DNM2 takes center stage as a central regulator of YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanotransduction and intermediate filament organization. This role may be the Achilles’ heel of several tissues and its dysfunction may lead to other diseases where the fine coupling between adhesion and force transduction is perturbed.La clathrine et la dynamine 2 (DNM2) sont deux protéines clés du trafic intracellulaire, exprimées aux costamères, des points d’ancrage membranaires spécialisés du muscle essentiels pour l’adhésion et la mécanotransduction des fibres musculaires. Des mutations dans divers composants des costamères sont à l’origine de myopathies. La clathrine forme de grandes plaques plates sur la membrane plasmique, qui interagissent avec le cytosquelette costamérique. La déplétion de la clathrine induit des défauts de formation des costamères et une diminution des propriétés contractiles. De plus, des mutations dans la DNM2 causent la myopathie centronucléaire autosomique dominante. Avec ce projet, j’ai cherché à examiner l’interaction entre les plaques de clathrine et le cytosquelette qui leur est associé, en mettant l’emphase sur la contribution de la DNM2. Mon travail démontre que les filaments d’actine liée aux plaques de clathrine mécanosensibles servent de point d’ancrage à un réseau tridimensionnel de filaments intermédiaires spécifiques du muscle et séquestrent YAP et TAZ, deux protéines au trafic nucléocytoplasmique impliquées dans la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires. En vertu de ses fonctions régulatrices des plaques de clathrine et du réseau de filaments branchés d’actine, ainsi que par son interaction avec TAZ, la DNM2 prend une place centrale en tant que régulateur de la mécanotransduction médiée par YAP/TAZ et l’organisation des filaments intermédiaires du muscle. Son dysfonctionnement pourrait engendrer d’autres pathologies où se trouverait perturbé cet équilibre entre adhésion et transduction des forces

    Role of endocytic proteins in mechanotransduction and impact on autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy

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    La clathrine et la dynamine 2 (DNM2) sont deux protéines clés du trafic intracellulaire, exprimées aux costamères, des points d’ancrage membranaires spécialisés du muscle essentiels pour l’adhésion et la mécanotransduction des fibres musculaires. Des mutations dans divers composants des costamères sont à l’origine de myopathies. La clathrine forme de grandes plaques plates sur la membrane plasmique, qui interagissent avec le cytosquelette costamérique. La déplétion de la clathrine induit des défauts de formation des costamères et une diminution des propriétés contractiles. De plus, des mutations dans la DNM2 causent la myopathie centronucléaire autosomique dominante. Avec ce projet, j’ai cherché à examiner l’interaction entre les plaques de clathrine et le cytosquelette qui leur est associé, en mettant l’emphase sur la contribution de la DNM2. Mon travail démontre que les filaments d’actine liée aux plaques de clathrine mécanosensibles servent de point d’ancrage à un réseau tridimensionnel de filaments intermédiaires spécifiques du muscle et séquestrent YAP et TAZ, deux protéines au trafic nucléocytoplasmique impliquées dans la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires. En vertu de ses fonctions régulatrices des plaques de clathrine et du réseau de filaments branchés d’actine, ainsi que par son interaction avec TAZ, la DNM2 prend une place centrale en tant que régulateur de la mécanotransduction médiée par YAP/TAZ et l’organisation des filaments intermédiaires du muscle. Son dysfonctionnement pourrait engendrer d’autres pathologies où se trouverait perturbé cet équilibre entre adhésion et transduction des forces.Clathrin and dynamin 2 (DNM2), two key proteins of intracellular membrane trafficking, are co-expressed at specialized adhesion and force transmitting sites of muscle fibers called costameres. These assemblies link the plasma membrane to the extracellular matrix and to the contractile units of muscle. Importantly, mutations in their components cause several distinct myopathies. At the plasma membrane, clathrin forms large flat lattices interacting with costameric cytoskeleton. Clathrin depletion leads to defective costamere formation and induces an impairment of contractile properties. In addition, it has been shown that DNM2 mutations cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM). In this project, I set out to investigate the interaction between clathrin plaques and the surrounding cytoskeleton with a particular emphasis on DNM2 contribution. I show that actin filaments surrounding mechanically sensitive clathrin plaques anchor a three-dimensional web of muscle-specific intermediate filaments and sequestrate YAP/TAZ, two nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins involved in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, my work demonstrates costameric defects in vivo in an heterozygous knock-in mouse model harboring the most frequent CNM mutation. By virtue of shaping both clathrin lattices and branched actin filaments, and by forming a complex with TAZ, DNM2 takes center stage as a central regulator of YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanotransduction and intermediate filament organization. This role may be the Achilles’ heel of several tissues and its dysfunction may lead to other diseases where the fine coupling between adhesion and force transduction is perturbed

    TRANSPLANTATION COMBINEE REIN-PANCREAS CHEZ LE SUJET DIABETIQUE DE TYPE I

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    PARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Des cités à Sciences Po...

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    Diversifier l'élite? Cet article revient sur les effets ambivalents des Conventions éducation prioritaire de Sciences Po dans quatre lycées de Seine-Saint-Denis. Un travail de mobilisation, d'ouverture culturelle voire de conversion identitaire amène les lycéens à redéfinir leurs ambitions comme leur vision du système scolaire et des inégalités sociales. En arrière fond se pose la question de l'"élitisme républicain" que ces dispositifs peuvent participer à maintenir et de sa compatibilité avec l'objectif d'égalité des chances

    Synthèse d'analogues de l'épicocconone par réaction d'oxydation désaromatisante (relation structure fluorescences et application en protéomique)

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    L epicocconone est un produit naturel tricyclique de la famille des azaphilones isolé en 2003 d un champignon Epicoccum nigrum. Ce composé se lie de façon covalente aux amines, conduisant à la formation d une énamine fluorescente. Cette réaction, réversible en fonction du pH, fait de ce composé un excellent marqueur de protéines pour la détection sur gels d électrophorèse compatible avec une analyse par spectrométrie de masse. La synthèse d analogues de l épicocconone a été engagée au sein de notre laboratoire, en basant sur une étape clé d oxydation désaromatisante. Une étude approfondie de cette réaction a permis de mettre en évidence une haute diastéréosélectivité en fonction des conditions opératoires.Après introduction d un cycle acylfuranonique diversement fonctionnalisé, une série d analogues de l épicocconone a été obtenue permettant d établir la relation structure fluorescence et évaluer l utilisation de ces biomarqueurs en protéomique.Epicocconone is a tricyclic natural product of azaphilone family, isolated from the fungus Epicoccum nigrum. This compound covalently binds to primary amines, leading to a protein linked conjugate which is strongly fluorescent. This reaction, reversible according to the pH, makes of this compound an excellent proteins dye compatible with an analysis by mass spectrometry. Synthesis of epicocconone s analogues has been undertaken in our laboratory.This synthesis is based on a key oxidative dearomatization. A study of this reaction allowed us to shed light on a high diastereoselectivity according to reaction conditions. After introduction of functionalized acylfuranone ring, a library of epicocconone s analogues was obtained allowing us to establish the structure-fluorescence relationship and to estimate the use of these biomarkers in proteomics.ROUEN-INSA Madrillet (765752301) / SudocSudocFranceF
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