Pengaruh Reward dan Punishment terhadap Kinerja dan Motivasi Karyawan pada CV Media Kreasi Bangsa

This study aims to determine the effect of both simultaneously and partially between reward and punishment on employees performance and motivation at CV. Media Kreasi Bangsa. This study used Multiple Linear Regression method, while the sample in this study using probability sampling technique where the sample was taken using proportionate stratified random which amounted to 132 employees. The research instrument used interview, questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The result of this study is the reward variable has a positive effect on the performance of this matter seen from t arithmetic (2,363) bigger than t table (1,65) with significant level (0,020 <0,05). Reward variable has a positive effect on this motivation seen from t arithmetic (4,289) bigger than t table (1.65) with significant level (0,000 <0,05). There is a simultaneous influence between reward and punishment variable on the performance of this matter seen from F arithmetic (21,162) bigger than F table (3,07) with significant level (0,000 <0,05). The punishment variable has a positive effect on the performance of this matter seen from t arithmetic (5,309) bigger than t table (1.65) with significant level (0,000 <0,05). The punishment variable has a positive effect on this motivation seen from t arithmetic (3,587) bigger than t table (1.65) with significant level (0,000 <0,05). There is simultaneous influence between reward and punishment variables on this motivation seen from F count (20,557) bigger than F table (3,07) with significant level (0,000 <0,05)

Menurunkan Kerusakan Yang Tidak Terjadwal (Unschedule Breakdown) Sistem Bahan Bakar Pada Unit Komatsu HD 1500-7 Dipt Ut Site Kalimantan Timur

This study discusses the modification of the fuel system in the Komatsu HD 1500-7 unit, which aims to improve PA (physical avaibility) and make unit downtime faster. The basis of this research was carried out because of the frequent replacement of fuel filters due to clogged fuel flow so that the cost of repairs and the consequences of not operating the unit became high. This repair process uses the main components in the form of Arduino Mega 2560 program, LED lights, LCD monitors and sensors. The working principle of this improvement is that the tool works together to forward the voltage signal from the sensor to Arduino, then the signal will be converted into writing data on the LCD. The LED light functions as a warning lamp and the speaker in the cabin functions as a warning sound. The result of making this modification system is that it can be determined the right time to replace the fuel filter before a deadlock occurs and cause the unit to die suddenly.Keywords. fuel system, Physical Avaibility, Downtim

Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Correction: Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Article Number: 44 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00351-w Published: OCT 26 2020Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.Peer reviewe

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected cells in the sera of HTLV-I-infected individuals

To investigate whether HTLV-I induces the development of complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in humans, sera of asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers and of patients suffering from tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) or adult T cell leukaemia (ATL) were used in a cytotoxicity assay against a panel of target cells. This panel included uninfected cell lines (CEM, Jurkat, Molt and H9), cell lines chronically infected with HTLV-I (MT2, MT4, C91PL and HUT102), as well as lines H36 (H9 infected with HTLV-I), H9-IIIB (H9 infected with HIVIIIB) and H9-MN (H9 infected with HIVMN). HTLV-I+ sera induced lysis of H36 and of lines expressing HTLV-I antigens in the presence of rabbit complement, but did not lyse cells in presence of human complement. The HTLV-I+ sera also failed to lyse the HTLV-I− lines and H9 cells, suggesting that lysis was specific for HTLV-I. H36 cell lysis was prevented by IgG depletion of the sera and by dialysis of rabbit complement against EGTA or EDTA. Rabbit complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies were present in the sera of 14/14 HTLV-I-infected individuals; the highest titres were predominantly found in the sera of the TSP/HAM patients. Such antibodies were also detected in 5/5 individuals coinfected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I, although no cytotoxic antibody could be found against HIV-infected cells. Vice versa, sera of HIV-1-infected individuals did not exert a lytic effect in the presence of complement (of human or rabbit origin) against HIV-1- or HTLV-I-infected cells. Incubation of the sera of four HTLV-I-infected patients with HTLV-I env-specific synthetic peptides demonstrated that some of the complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies recognized epitopes located on gp46 between amino acids 190 and 209. There is no correlation of rabbit complement-dependent cytotoxic HTLV-I antibodies with the development of disease

Antagonistas de CCR5 en la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH): aspectos generales y tropismo viral

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is highly mutagenic and generates resistance to the available anti-HIV drug therapies. Because of this a new family of anti-HIV drugs therapies has been created. These new drugs have different mechanisms of action. The HIV entry inhibitors act through specifics correceptors CCR5/CXCR4 localized on CD4 + cells. The HIV tropism determination (phenotypic and genotypic assays) arises to guide therapeutic decisions and define to which patients this treatment will be successful. Genotypic assays are technically advantageous and represent a more feasible alternative to phenotypic assays. The genotypic tropism assay from proviral DNA would have a greater impact, because of its ability to detect tropism in those patients with low or undetectable viral load

Innate immunity restoration in patients with HIV/AIDS infection associated with antiretroviral therapy

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAAR7) in HIV/AIDS infection induces an important reduction of the viral load (VL) and an immune system reconstitution. CD4+ T lymphocyte count is the immunological measurement commonly used for the follow tip of HIV/AIDS patients. Aim: To study prospectively the restoration of the innate immune system in patients with HIV/AIDS infection during their first year on HAART Patients and Methods. 25 naive HIV/AIDS patients, from San Jose Hospital and University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile, were studied between years 2002-2003. Every 4 months after HAART initiation, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD16/56+ natural killer (NK) cells were quantified by flow cytometry. NK cell cytotoxicity was measured using radioactive chrome liberation (Cr51). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and viral load was determined using Amplicor HIV-1 from Roche Diagnostics Systems. Results: Thirteen of the 25 patients continued in the study. They were all males, average age 35 years old (23-50). At baseline average CD4+ count was 146 cells/mu L (31-362) and average viral load was 82-000 copie/mL (4.000-290.000). A raise in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16/56 cells was noted at months 9-12 of therapy. Viral load became undetectable in the same period. NK cell function was decreased at the beginning of the therapy (1-4 months), reaching its highest values at months 9-12. There was no significant change in IL-10. TNF-alpha increased in six patients during the study. Conclusions: In this group of patients, innate immunity was restored during HAART. These results should be confirmed in studies with a longer follow up period and also measuring cytokines such as MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta and RANTES

Innate immunity restoration in patients with HIV/AIDS infection associated with antiretroviral therapy Restauración de la inmunidad innata en pacientes con infección por VIH/SIDA después de inicio de terapia antirretroviral

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV/AIDS infection induces an important reduction of the viral load (VL) and an immune system reconstitution. CD4+ T lymphocyte count is the immunological measurement commonly used for the follow up of HIV/AIDS patients. Aim: To study prospectively the restoration of the innate immune system in patients with HIV/AIDS infection during their first year on HAART. Patients and Methods: 25 naive HIV/AIDS patients, from San José Hospital and University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile, were studied between years 2002-2003. Every 4 months after HAART initiation, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD16/56+ natural killer (NK) cells were quantified by flow cytometry. NK cell cytotoxicity was measured using radioactive chrome liberation (Cr51). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and viral load was determined using Amplicor HIV-1 from Roche Diagno