Interaction In the English Language Classroom: A Review of Teacher Questions

Teachers' questions in the English language classroom are an essential way of teaching English. Teachers must be aware of the types of questions that can help students learn the target language. Students, on the other hand, did not actively participate in learning, especially when responding to questions from teachers. To address this issue, teachers must modify their questions using various techniques in order to elicit responses from students. This study examines twenty studies selected from the Google scholar on the role of teacher questioning pattern in motivating students' participation in English language classrooms, as well as the classification of modification questions used by teachers when teaching English. We examine current teachers' questioning patterns before reviewing previous research on the most common question type activity in the English classroom. According to the findings, display questions are frequently used by English language teachers as a better approach than referential and other questioning types. Other knowledge-based analyses were discovered to be carried out in order to extract useful features that reduce the risk of better activity, demonstrating that students continue to struggle with high-dimensional and important subjects when answering referential questions. Finally, we highlight some outstanding issues for future research in this area that researchers should consider

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Rhetoric among Prominent Politicians Excerpts from Yar’adua and Rimi’s Speeches

This article attempts to investigate how politicians used their rhetoric to influence their audiences by examining the specific types of speech rhetoric. Though they employ various of rhetorical speeches when delivering their manifestos. It thus seeks to assess the effectiveness of Speech Act Theory as a framework for analysing the speeches of Alhaji Umar Musa Yar Adua and Alhaji Abubakar Rimi in order to gain a better understanding of their political purposes. The significant events, conflicts, and challenges that the Nigerian people face while their politicians are in office are thought to have a significant impact on the types of speech acts produced in their speeches to make their points clear. This article employs a linguistic taxonomy of rhetorical speech acts based on Aristotle's theory of rhetoric. It provides a method for categorizing speech acts in order to reveal the linguistic and political premise of two well-known politicians' speeches, which stand in for significant events in Nigerians' lives. The findings of the analysis show that socio-political events in the country have a significant impact on the types of speech acts delivered by these two politicians. This is also resulting in their speeches with varying goals of encouraging voters to cast their votes on them for them to win elections

Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance by Yankasa rams fed treated sugarcane bagasse supplemented with varying levels of yeast

A study was conducted to evaluate nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of Yankasa rams fed varying inclusion levels of yeast in bagasse based diet. Twenty (20) growing Yankasa rams were used for the study; the rams were allotted to four (4) dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The metabolism trial lasted 21 days. The yeast was included at the rate of 0, 5, 6 and 7 g/kg respectively and the diets were offered at 3 % body weight. Data generated were analysed using general linear model procedure and significant differences were compared using Tukey test and contrast analysis. The crude protein (CP) content of experimental diet varied between 13.0 and 13.75 % while neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) ranged from 68.30 to 69.04 %, 32.60 to 33.53 % and 11.28 to 33.52 % respectively. The results of apparent nutrient digestibility showed that rams fed diet with 7 g/kg inclusion level had significantly higher (p<0.05) dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein (CPD), acid detergent fibre (ADFD), neutral detergent fibre (NDFD) and acid detergent lignin (ADLD) which were at par with rams fed diet with 0 g/kg inclusion level. Moreover, rams fed 6 g/kg inclusion of yeast had significantly higher (p<0.05) nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention as percentage intake which were at par with rams fed 0 and 5 g/kg inclusion of yeast. Conclusively, the study showed that increasing the inclusion of yeast increased the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention of Yankasa rams

Carcass characteristics and meat quality of Red Sokoto Bucks fed treated and untreated bagasse with or without enzyme supplementation

study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding treated or untreated bagasse with or without enzyme supplementation on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Red Sokoto bucks. Sixteen Red Sokoto bucks averaging one year and weighing 10 ± 2 kg were used for the study. Four bucks were assigned per treatment and allotted to two dietary treatments with two level of supplementation in a completely randomized design. The enzyme was included based on the manufactures recommendation. The bucks were slaughtered and dressed according to normal dressing procedure and meat samples were analysed for moisture, protein and ash content. The result of the trial showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in hot carcass weight and protein content between bucks fed bagasse with enzyme and bucks fed bagasse without enzyme. Bucks fed untreated bagasse without enzyme had significantly (p<0.05) higher dressing percentage (44.11 %) when compared to bucks fed treated bagasse with enzyme (42.58 %). The study concluded that treated and untreated bagasse with or without enzyme has no adverse effect on carcass and meat quality of Red Sokoto bucks

Beta-Lactam Resistance Profile of E. Coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Selected Hospitals within Gusau Metropolis

The emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly beta-lactam resistance, poses a significant challenge in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study aimed to investigate the beta-lactam resistance profile of E. coli isolated from UTI patients in selected hospitals within the Gusau metropolis. A total of 92 urine samples were collected from UTI patients attending selected hospitals in Gusau metropolis. Isolation and identification of E. coli were conducted using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Furthermore, phenotypic confirmation of beta-lactam resistance was carried out using double disc synergy testing (DDST).  Out of 92 urine samples obtained from patients with UTIs, E. coli was identified in 19 samples (20.7%), out of the 19 E. coli isolates, ESBL production was detected in 9 (47.36%) based on the results of the DDST, and among the E. coli isolates tested, 12 (63.16%) exhibited resistance to beta-lactam (Ceftriaxone), while 5 (26.31%) showed intermediate susceptibility, and 2 (10.53%) were susceptible to this antibiotic. Results revealed a concerning prevalence of beta-lactam resistance among E. coli isolates, highlighting the urgent need for effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures in the region

A Global Declaration on Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents across the Surgical Pathway

This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections. As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing. To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages

A Global Declaration on Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents across the Surgical Pathway

This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections. As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing. To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages