Analisis Keperluan: Stimulasi Visual dan Lisan Sebagai Perancah Prosedur Newman dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Geometri Koordinat

Kajian ini menyelusuri cabaran kognitif penyelesaian masalah Geometri Koordinat dalam kalangan murid tingkatan empat. Kajian mendapati kelemahan murid dari aspek konseptual, prosedural dan visualisasi berada pada tahap yang membimbangkan. Melalui analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang komprehensif, kajian ini telah dapat mengenal pasti tiga punca utama yang berkaitan iaitu kelemahan konsep asas (Algebra,Geometri dan Geometri Koordinat), kesukaran menginterprestasi maklumat matematik (berbentuk perkataan dan gambar rajah) ke konteks praktikal dan kesukaran menghubung kait serta memilih rumus yang tepat. Dapatan dari analisis statistik deskriptif menunjukkan bahawa 46.9% murid gagal menjawab soalan penyelesaian masalah berbanding hanya 11.8% murid yang mampu menjawab soalan dengan betul. Selebihnya (41.3%) melakukan pelbagai jenis kesilapan seperti melakukan kesilapan transformasi (6.8%), kesilapan proses (3.7%) dan kesilapan pengekodan (1.2%). Ia menunjukkan tahap penguasaan yang sangat lemah dalam kalangan murid. Justru, kajian ini mencadangkan pendekatan strategi yang mengintegrasikan elemen stimulasi visual dan lisan (SVSL) sebagai perancah dalam prosedur Newman. Stimulasi visual (visual statik dan visual dinamik) akan membantu murid dalam memvisualisasikan konsep-konsep abstrak menjadi lebih konkrit dan stimulasi lisan (penerangan teratur, panduan langkah demi langkah, perbincangan aktif) menyediakan sokongan berstruktur. Strategi ini perlu dilaksanakan secara sistematik dan berterusan untuk meningkatkan keupayaan murid dalam penyelesaian masalah Geometri Koordinat

Pre-University Students’ Perceptions towards Mathematics in the Post-pandemic Era

The Covid-19 pandemic that had begun in December 2019 had made all students in Malaysia being thrown into the online learning environment. After the prolonged home schooling, the post pandemic era that was declared in the year 2022 forced the students to attend physical classes again. This may have caused confusion among the students as they had to readapt with their old learning style once more after being comfortable with the online environment. In this research, students’ perceptions towards mathematics concerning their self-concept and achievement were explored. Participants of this study were a group of pre-university students who experienced the shift from online to physical classes in the post pandemic era. A set of questionnaires regarding the students’ perceptions was distributed to the students of the pre-university program at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The results show that 61.3% students discovered mathematics as scary despite they perceived positively on their achievement in mathematics. In conclusion, the students had moderate level of self-concept and achievement. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between self-concept and achievement in mathematics, and there was no significant gender difference on the students’ self-concept

A Comparative Review of the CEFR and CET4 Writing Assessment with Insights from Task Complexity Theories

The CEFR level descriptors are applied globally for language assessment, which is already aligned with IELTS, TOEFL, etc. Meanwhile, the CET4 is essential in language learning and teaching proficiency assessment in China. Building on previous research, this study examines the relationship between the CEFR level descriptors and the CET4 writing rubrics, mainly focusing on the essay writing assessment within the past decade. Despite the broad utilisation of the CET4 in universities, its comparison with the CEFR level descriptors remains underexplored. Based on this situation, the study investigates task complexity theories, automated and manual scoring systems, and recent studies about essay writing. Findings indicate that the CET4 writing scores correspond roughly to CEFR levels A1–B2, though comparisons with higher proficiency levels (C1–C2) remain inconsistent. While automated scoring systems reliably evaluate basic linguistic dimensions, they struggle to assess more aspects, such as description, argument, task relevance, and clarity dimensions, under the CEFR and CET4 writing assessments. Furthermore, the automated scoring systems lack the capacity to capture the nuanced features of advanced writing. These findings underscore the necessity of human evaluation, particularly in essay writing content assessment, while highlighting opportunities to refine grading methodologies and task design to enhance essay writing instruction

Intergenerational Dynamics of Chinese Heritage Sports in Rural Governance: Cultural Transmission and Social Cohesion

Chinese heritage sports play a crucial role in cultural preservation and rural governance, fostering social cohesion and intergenerational continuity. However, these sports face challenges due to modernization, migration, and intergenerational conflicts, which threaten their transmission and integration into contemporary governance frameworks. This study aims to explore the role of Chinese heritage sports in rural governance from an intergenerational perspective. Specifically, it investigates the mechanisms of intergenerational conflict affecting heritage sports and their implications for rural governance practices. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a literature review with field investigations conducted in L Village, Fujian. The study utilized participatory observation and in-depth interviews with local stakeholders, including village administrators, cultural practitioners, and residents, to analyze the transmission, challenges, and governance potential of the traditional "Songjiang Formation" heritage sport. The study reveals that intergenerational conflicts in heritage sports arise from shifts in values, marginalization due to modernization, and policy discrepancies. The transformation from familial to institutionalized and market-driven transmission models has weakened traditional mentorship structures. However, successful revitalization efforts in L Village demonstrate that heritage sports can serve as a medium for moral governance, social integration, and rural self-governance when supported by grassroots initiatives and policy interventions. Chinese heritage sports hold significant potential for fostering rural governance by bridging generational gaps and strengthening community ties. Addressing intergenerational conflicts through innovation, policy alignment, and participatory governance can ensure their sustainable transmission and contribution to rural modernization. Future governance models should integrate heritage sports into broader socio-economic and cultural development frameworks to enhance rural resilience and cohesion

Investigating the Roles of Actors in the Management of the Setiu Mangrove Swamp System within a Social-Ecological System (SES) Framework

Lack of stakeholder involvement in the management of mangrove swamp systems has recently become a global issue. Mangrove swamp ecosystems are known as biological communities that interact as biotic and abiotic components. The management of mangrove swamps in Malaysia is a cause for concern as the quality and quantity of the area are deteriorating. The objectives of this study are to examine stakeholder involvement in the management of Setiu mangrove swamp systems, identify key issues faced by stakeholders in managing mangrove swamp systems more sustainably, and recommend to stakeholders the best management practices for managing mangrove swamp systems. In this study, a qualitative study was conducted using a diagnostic approach guided by the Social-Ecological System (SES). Participants will be involved in the management of mangrove systems using Ostrom's (2009) theory based on the Social-Ecological System (SES) framework. This interaction involves actors (A) and management systems (GS) in Setiu mangrove swamp ecosystems based on the Social-Ecological System (SES). Actors (A) focus on the number of involved actors (A1), socio-economic characteristics (A2), leadership (A5), and resource importance (A8). The governance system (GS) includes government organizations (GS1), non-governmental organizations (GS2), collective election rules (GS6), and supervisory sanction rules (GS8). A limitation of the study was that obtaining information and reading about the Social-Ecological System (SES) made it difficult for the researcher to gather data. The study showed that many participants were involved in activities in the mangrove swamp area

Systematic Literature Review on Needs Analysis in ESP within Higher Education: Implications for Future Research

Needs analysis is a critical step in designing an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course, as it can ensure language courses are aligned with students' specific requirements. This article conducted a systematic review to explore the current status of needs analysis in ESP within a higher education context. It aims to analyze the application of various needs analysis models in recent research and identify future research directions. The review employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method, using keywords in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Articles were selected based on strict criteria, including publication date within 3 years and content related to the needs analysis of ESP in higher education. A total of 21 articles were included for detailed analysis. The findings highlight significant gaps in the existing research, such as an imbalance in the geographic regions and disciplines examined and the use of single needs analysis models. Future research can address these gaps by expanding the disciplines and regions covered as well as combining different needs analysis models. Research can also employ multiple sources of information to better understand students’ language needs within specific fields

CAR-SCT Blended Learning Framework: Boosting EFL Proficiency in Chinese Primary Schools

This conceptual study presents the Culture, Authenticity, and Relevance-Sociocultural Theory (CAR-SCT) framework, which integrates Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Sociocultural Theory (SCT), and blended learning to tackle the challenges encountered by low-proficiency English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Chinese primary schools. The CAR-SCT framework highlights the importance of cultural relevance, learner autonomy, and social interaction in fostering a linguistically rich, socially interactive, and motivationally engaging educational setting. The methodology encompasses theoretical synthesis and conceptual modeling, highlighting significant challenges including restricted learner engagement and conventional teaching methods. The framework integrates interactive activities, digital tools, and collaborative tasks to improve language proficiency, motivation, and engagement. Hypothetical outcomes indicate enhancements in vocabulary acquisition, speaking fluency, and learner motivation. The CAR-SCT framework integrates theoretical insights with practical applications, offering educators and policymakers effective strategies to improve EFL teaching. Future research must empirically validate the framework to assess its scalability and long-term effects

The Effect of The Online Combined Offline Health Education Model on Hypertension Among Floating Elderly Self-Management Enhancement

Improving self-management in floating elderly hypertensive patients is especially critical for controlling BP to maintain stability. A multi-center, patient and outcome-assessed blinded, randomized trial was conducted in Ningxia, China, recruiting 200 patients with floating elderly primary hypertension and dividing the randomized blocks into three intervention groups of 50 each and a control group of 50 after controlling for gender using stratification. The main contents of the intervention were regular medication+salt-reduced diet+aerobic exercise; the intervention time was 2 months. The online intervention group used (TikTok+WeChat+Telephone) mode, and the offline intervention group used (Lectures+Brochures+1-on-1 consulting) mode. The online and offline combined intervention group used the mode (TikTok+WeChat+Telephone + Lectures+Brochures+1-on-1 consulting). The primary outcome measure was dominated by blood pressure change, and secondary outcomes were the Medication Adherence Scale scores, Therapeutic Attitudes and Beliefs scores, and Self-management scores. The results shows that the combined online and offline intervention was the most effective at improving self-management, attitudes, practices, and BP control compared to the offline and online interventions alone. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The combined approach resulted in the most significant increases in self-management (43.33 point increase), attitudes (39.49 point increase), medication adherence (2.34 point increase), and practices (39.89 point increase) scores. It also led to the most significant reductions in systolic (-11.46 mm Hg) and diastolic (-7.15 mm Hg) BP. These findings suggest that integrating online and offline health education modalities may be the most effective approach for improving hypertension management in this population

Cultural Identity of Lat’s Cartoons in the Context of ‘Malaysia Madani’

Malaysians' varied perceptions of cartoons, often undervalued as mere entertainment despite their deep cultural and societal resonance. Hence, it prompted the researchers to explore the denotation and connotation of cultural significance in Malaysian cartoons, particularly in the works of Lat. The cartoons were selected for this study because of their ability to capture the essence of Malaysian society, culture, and identity through humor and social commentary. The objectives of this study are to quantify the portrayal of the colour, meaning and relationship between these elements in Lat’s cartoons to represent local cultural identity in the context of ‘Malaysia Madani’. Through the quantitative content analysis method with 248 visuals from Lat’s cartoons by exploring the Madani concept through themes of these cartoons, the study unleashes a diverse range of societal issues and viewpoints; the prominence of the themes indicates areas of significance, relevance, and engagement. The findings demonstrate that Lat’s cartoons effectively communicate the benefits of the Madani concept, encouraging Malaysians to be sustainability-oriented and compassionate for others, regardless of race or religion, thereby fostering harmony and unity. For further suggestions, the government and education sectors should use cartoons to promote knowledge transfer and community engagement

Unmasking the Silent Crisis: How Socioeconomic and Cultural Forces Perpetuate Multidimensional Child Poverty in Tanzania

This paper systematically reviews the literature on multidimensional child poverty to provide insight into the socio-economic and cultural factors behind it in Tanzania. Recognising the pressing need to understand child-specific deprivations, the study has employed a structured methodology based on the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The review process aimed to search for terms using the Population, Interventions, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) framework, which included keywords such as “child poverty”, “multidimensional child poverty”, “child deprivation”, and “multidimensional child deprivation”. The paper sourced data from two high-impact databases, Web of Science and Scopus. To ensure rigour in the selection, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, narrowing down an initial set of 427 publications to 238 by applying filters on duplicates, relevance, and publication date to reduce this number to only 238. These were supplemented with 16 reports from the United Republic of Tanzania, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Bank to ensure a comprehensive view of the subject. Using thematic analysis, this review summarised household composition, traditional gender roles, parental education, household income inequalities, and rural-urban differences as the main factors affecting multidimensional child poverty from the selected studies. These findings highlight the diverse determinants of multidimensional child poverty in Tanzania, identifying a necessity for tailored intervention integrating socio-economic and cultural factors to address this persistent issue