Multitemporal Remote Sensing Based on an FVC Reference Period Using Sentinel-2 for Monitoring Eichhornia crassipes on a Mediterranean River

International audienceInvasive aquatic plants are a serious global ecological and socio-economic problem because they can cause local extinction of native species and alter navigation and fishing. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is a dangerous invasive floating plant that is widely distributed throughout the world. In Lebanon, it has spread since 2006 in the Al Kabir River. Remote sensing techniques have been widely developed to detect and monitor dynamics and extents of invasive plants such as water hyacinth over large areas. However, they become challenging to use in narrow areas such as the Al Kabir River and we developed a new image-analysis method to extract water hyacinth areas on the river. The method is based on a time series of a biophysical variable obtained from Sentinel-2 images. After defining a reference period between two growing cycles, we used the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) to estimate the water hyacinth surface area in the river. This method makes it possible to monitor water hyacinth development and estimate the total area it colonizes in the river corridor. This method can help ecologists and other stakeholders to map invasive plants in rivers and improve their control

CUG initiation and frameshifting enable production of dipeptide repeat proteins from ALS/FTD C9ORF72 transcripts

Expansion of G4C2 repeats in the C9ORF72 gene is the most prevalent inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Expanded transcripts undergo repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation producing dipeptide repeat proteins from all reading frames. We determined cis-factors and trans-factors influencing translation of the human C9ORF72 transcripts. G4C2 translation operates through a 5′–3′ cap-dependent scanning mechanism, requiring a CUG codon located upstream of the repeats and an initiator Met-tRNAMeti. Production of poly-GA, poly-GP, and poly-GR proteins from the three frames is influenced by mutation of the same CUG start codon supporting a frameshifting mechanism. RAN translation is also regulated by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) present in mis-spliced C9ORF72 transcripts. Inhibitors of the pre-initiation ribosomal complex and RNA antisense oligonucleotides selectively targeting the 5′-flanking G4C2 sequence block ribosomal scanning and prevent translation. Finally, we identified an unexpected affinity of expanded transcripts for the ribosomal subunits independently from translation

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Synthesis of new anticancer agents

Les cancers représentent un problème majeur de santé public d'où la nécessité de rechercher de nouvelles classes de médicaments. Parmi les pistes pour développer de nouveaux traitements, deux ont retenu notre attention et celle de nos collaborateurs : la modulation de l’épissage par des composés comme le NVS-SM2, et l’inhibition de l’oncogène KRAS par des dérivés de produits naturels, les flavaglines. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé la première synthèse robuste du NVS-SM2, qui peut satisfaire la demande globale de cet agent pour examiner en détail son potentiel thérapeutique dans différents types d’affection. En outre, la stratégie de synthèse rapportée ici pourrait être étendue à de nouveaux analogues de ce composé. D’autre part, nous avons synthétisé de nouvelles flavaglines qui sont en cours d'étude pour leurs effets sur l’inhibition de KRAS. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons découvert de nouvelles réactions, notamment une inversion de configuration d’amines induite par du chlorure de diméthylcarbamoyle.Cancers represent a major public health problem hence the need to use new classes of medicines. Among the opportunities for developing new treatments, two have caught our attention and that of our collaborators: the modulation of splicing by compounds such as NVS-SM2, and the inhibition of the oncogene KRAS by derivatives of natural products, the flavaglines.In this context, we have developed the first robust synthesis of NVS-SM2, which can satisfy the global demand of this agent to examine in detail its therapeutic potential in different types of disorders. In addition, the synthetic strategy reported here could be extended to new analogues of this compound. Furthermore, we have synthesized new flavaglines that have been examined for their effects on KRAS inhibition. During this study, we discovered new reactions, including a dimethylcarbamoyl chloride-induced amine inversion of configuration

Synthèse de nouveaux agents anticancéreux

Cancers represent a major public health problem hence the need to use new classes of medicines. Among the opportunities for developing new treatments, two have caught our attention and that of our collaborators: the modulation of splicing by compounds such as NVS-SM2, and the inhibition of the oncogene KRAS by derivatives of natural products, the flavaglines.In this context, we have developed the first robust synthesis of NVS-SM2, which can satisfy the global demand of this agent to examine in detail its therapeutic potential in different types of disorders. In addition, the synthetic strategy reported here could be extended to new analogues of this compound. Furthermore, we have synthesized new flavaglines that have been examined for their effects on KRAS inhibition. During this study, we discovered new reactions, including a dimethylcarbamoyl chloride-induced amine inversion of configuration.Les cancers représentent un problème majeur de santé public d'où la nécessité de rechercher de nouvelles classes de médicaments. Parmi les pistes pour développer de nouveaux traitements, deux ont retenu notre attention et celle de nos collaborateurs : la modulation de l’épissage par des composés comme le NVS-SM2, et l’inhibition de l’oncogène KRAS par des dérivés de produits naturels, les flavaglines. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé la première synthèse robuste du NVS-SM2, qui peut satisfaire la demande globale de cet agent pour examiner en détail son potentiel thérapeutique dans différents types d’affection. En outre, la stratégie de synthèse rapportée ici pourrait être étendue à de nouveaux analogues de ce composé. D’autre part, nous avons synthétisé de nouvelles flavaglines qui sont en cours d'étude pour leurs effets sur l’inhibition de KRAS. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons découvert de nouvelles réactions, notamment une inversion de configuration d’amines induite par du chlorure de diméthylcarbamoyle

Synthesis of new anticancer agents

Les cancers représentent un problème majeur de santé public d'où la nécessité de rechercher de nouvelles classes de médicaments. Parmi les pistes pour développer de nouveaux traitements, deux ont retenu notre attention et celle de nos collaborateurs : la modulation de l’épissage par des composés comme le NVS-SM2, et l’inhibition de l’oncogène KRAS par des dérivés de produits naturels, les flavaglines. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé la première synthèse robuste du NVS-SM2, qui peut satisfaire la demande globale de cet agent pour examiner en détail son potentiel thérapeutique dans différents types d’affection. En outre, la stratégie de synthèse rapportée ici pourrait être étendue à de nouveaux analogues de ce composé. D’autre part, nous avons synthétisé de nouvelles flavaglines qui sont en cours d'étude pour leurs effets sur l’inhibition de KRAS. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons découvert de nouvelles réactions, notamment une inversion de configuration d’amines induite par du chlorure de diméthylcarbamoyle.Cancers represent a major public health problem hence the need to use new classes of medicines. Among the opportunities for developing new treatments, two have caught our attention and that of our collaborators: the modulation of splicing by compounds such as NVS-SM2, and the inhibition of the oncogene KRAS by derivatives of natural products, the flavaglines.In this context, we have developed the first robust synthesis of NVS-SM2, which can satisfy the global demand of this agent to examine in detail its therapeutic potential in different types of disorders. In addition, the synthetic strategy reported here could be extended to new analogues of this compound. Furthermore, we have synthesized new flavaglines that have been examined for their effects on KRAS inhibition. During this study, we discovered new reactions, including a dimethylcarbamoyl chloride-induced amine inversion of configuration

Réponses des macrophytes de six cours d'eau méditerranéens à des perturbations naturelles et d'origine anthropique (sud-est de la France)

Ce travail constitue la première étude hydrobiologique menée sur la végétation aquatique de six fleuves côtiers typiques de la région méditerranéenne du sud-est de la France. De nouvelles méthodes d études des macrophytes ont du être créées pour l investigation de ces cours d eau. Un inventaire spécifique a été dressé et les biomasses calculées. L analyse réalisée en fonction des descripteurs environnementaux et de la variation spatio-temporelle, de la composition et de la structure de ces phytocénoses a permis de réaliser une cartographie précise des secteurs prospectés durant deux ans. Les réponses spécifiques aux perturbations naturelles et d origine anthropique ont été intégrées dans le contexte des grands concepts écologiques en termes écosystémiques avec la prise en compte des algues et des macroinvertébrés. L application des différents indices, physico-chimique (SEQ-EAU) et biologiques (IBD, IBMR, IBGN) créés pour l évaluation de la qualité des eaux en rivière a permis de discuter des limites de leurs applications respectives.AIX-MARSEILLE3-BU Sc.St Jérô (130552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Unexpected Inversion of Configuration During the Carbamoylation of 1-Azaflavaglines

International audienceAbstract The acylation of 8-demethoxy-1-azaflavaglines by dimethylcarbamoyl chloride was found to operate with an inversion of configuration, which is rationalized by the occurrence of styrylurea intermediate. The configuration-reversed products were not observed when the substrate was substituted by a methoxy in position 8, suggesting that an overstabilization of the carbocationic intermediate prevents this reaction to take place