ALOCAÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ESTABELECIMENTOS E DE EMPREGO FORMAL NO CULTIVO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR: BRASIL– 1994-2011.

este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a localização espacial e o emprego formal no cultivo de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Para tanto, serão utilizados dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – RAIS do Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego – MTE. Metodologicamente, recorre-se a uma revisão de literatura e em seguida à construção do Quociente Locacional – QL e do Coeficiente de Localização – CL. Os resultados mostram que há concentração de estabelecimentos produtores de cana-de-açúcar na região Sudeste e que o Nordeste se destaca com perda de participação ao longo dos anos. No que se refere ao QL dos estabelecimentos, a dinâmica do Sudeste se destacou em detrimento das demais, com elevação do índice ao longo dos anos, enquanto as demais o reduziram. Em consequência disso, o QL emprego também apresenta divergência nessa região, com crescimento, enquanto nas demais houve redução do índice. Já em relação ao CL, os índices se aproximam de zero, o que denota participação relativamente semelhante às demais atividades agropecuárias na geração de empregos nas regiões brasileiras, sobretudo redução constante ao longo dos anos. No caso das regiões mais dinâmicas, o Nordeste reduz o CL e o Sudeste aumenta levemente ao longo dos anos observados

GASTO PÚBLICO NAS MESORREGIÕES DA BAHIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DE UM INDICADOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL

The importance of Brazilian municipal public expenditure with social coverage is relevant in the formation and consolidation of the public accounts of subnational units. Aiming at this, the objective is to analyze the quality of municipal public spending according to the mesoregions of the state of Bahia. Methodologically, a literature review is used, and then an indicator of public expenditure quality is constructed from the selected variables. The main findings show that there is a divergence in the results by mesoregion, showing that there are disparities regarding the quality of public spending in Bahia, and the differences found in each of the mesoregions and in each of the observed variables are also substantial. However, the value of the index was significantly lower in all of them. It should be noted that the best performance was recorded in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador and the lowest performance was in the North Center. As a result, the best quality of public spending is inferred, with emphasis on social support variables, notably health, education and social assistance.A importância do gasto público municipal brasileiro com rubricas de abrangência social é relevante na formação e consolidação das contas públicas das unidades subnacionais. Diante disso, objetiva-se analisar a qualidade do gasto público municipal segundo as mesorregiões do estado da Bahia. Metodologicamente, recorre-se a uma revisão de literatura e, em seguida, constrói-se um indicador de qualidade do gasto público a partir das variáveis selecionadas. Os principais achados mostram que há divergência nos resultados por mesorregião, mostrando haver disparidades referentes à qualidade do gasto público na Bahia, sendo ainda, substanciais, as diferenças encontradas em cada uma das mesorregiões e em cada uma das variáveis observadas. Porém, o valor do índice foi significativamente baixo em todas elas. Destaque-se que a melhor performance foi registrada na Região Metropolitana de Salvador e o menor desempenho ficou no Centro Norte. Com isso, infere-se a melhor qualidade do gasto público, dando-se ênfase às variáveis de respaldo social, notadamente saúde, educação e assistência social

Environmental stratification based on a 28 x 28 diallel of open-pollinated maize varieties

The objective of this study was to assess the representativeness of the test environments used by the maizebreeding program of Embrapa in the first phase of genotype evaluation. Ear weight of 378 hybrids from a diallel of 28 openpollinatedvarieties (OPVs) evaluated in ten environments were used. The following environments were evaluated: twogrowing seasons (1991-92 and 1992-93), at three locations (Sete Lagoas, MG, Londrina, PR, and Goiania-GO); in twogrowing seasons (1991/92 and 1993/94) in Aracaju-SE; and in two growing seasons (1992-93 and 1993-94), in PontaGrossa-PR. The complex part of the interaction accounted for nearly 75% of the genotype by environment interaction (G x E).The environments of Londrina-91/92, Ponta Grossa-93/94 and Aracaju-93/94 differed from the others and also from eachother, as shown by stratification analysis. The phenotypic correlation between genotype means in the pairwise groupedenvironments, interpreted as coefficient of genotypic determination, indicated that non-genetic causes were responsible for64.40% of the mean phenotypic variances. The results confirmed the discrimination of three major environmental groups,representing the Northeast (Aracaju), Central Southeast (Sete Lagoas, Goiania and Londrina) and South (Ponta Grossa)regions

Nox4 reprograms cardiac substrate metabolism via protein O-GlcNAcylation to enhance stress adaptation.

Cardiac hypertrophic remodeling during chronic hemodynamic stress is associated with a switch in preferred energy substrate from fatty acids to glucose, usually considered to be energetically favorable. The mechanistic interrelationship between altered energy metabolism, remodeling, and function remains unclear. The ROS-generating NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) is upregulated in the overloaded heart, where it ameliorates adverse remodeling. Here, we show that Nox4 redirects glucose metabolism away from oxidation but increases fatty acid oxidation, thereby maintaining cardiac energetics during acute or chronic stresses. The changes in glucose and fatty acid metabolism are interlinked via a Nox4-ATF4-dependent increase in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which mediates the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) to the fatty acid transporter CD36 and enhances fatty acid utilization. These data uncover a potentially novel redox pathway that regulates protein O-GlcNAcylation and reprograms cardiac substrate metabolism to favorably modify adaptation to chronic stress. Our results also suggest that increased fatty acid oxidation in the chronically stressed heart may be beneficial

SELEÇÃO MIGRATÓRIA E RENDIMENTOS DO TRABALHO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO CARIRI – 2000/2010

The social and economic transformations experienced by Brazil since the 1990s have implied new dynamics of migratory flows, evidenced by the Censos Demográficos do Brasil from 2000 and 2010. Several observable and unobservable characteristics have contributed to the Brazilian migratory dynamics. Therefore, this article aims to analyze whether intercity migrants in the Região Metropolitana do Cariri are positively selected. Methodologically, two-stage estimates were used, as proposed by Heckman (1979), to correct the sample selection bias. The results show that migrants from that region were, in the year 2000, positively selected, however, for the year 2010, it was not possible to observe the effects of unobservable characteristics influencing migration decisions or income from work.As transformações sociais e econômicas vivenciadas pelo Brasil desde a década de 1990 vêm implicando uma nova dinâmica nos fluxos migratórios, que é evidenciada nos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010. Várias características observáveis e não observáveis têm contribuído para essa dinâmica. Diante disso, este artigo visa analisar se os migrantes intermunicipais na Região Metropolitana do Cariri são positivamente selecionados com relação as suas características não observáveis. Metodologicamente, foram utilizadas estimações em dois estágios, conforme proposto por Heckman (1979), para corrigir o viés de seleção amostral. Os resultados mostram que os migrantes da referida região eram, no ano 2000, positivamente selecionados, contudo, para o ano de 2010, não foi possível observar os efeitos das características não observáveis influenciando as decisões de migração ou os rendimentos do trabalho

A far-infrared spectroscopic survey of intermediate redshift (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies

We present Herschel far-IR photometry and spectroscopy as well as ground-based CO observations of an intermediate redshift (0.21 _ z _ 0.88) sample of Herschel-selected (ultra)-luminous infrared galaxies (LIR >1011.5 L_). With these measurements, we trace the dust continuum, far-IR atomic line emission, in particular [C ii] 157.7μm, as well as the molecular gas of z ∼ 0.3 luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) and perform a detailed investigation of the interstellar medium of the population. We find that the majority of Herschel-selected intermediate redshift (U)LIRGs have LCii/LFIR ratios that are a factor of about 10 higher than that of local ULIRGs and comparable to that of local normal and high-z star-forming galaxies. Using our sample to bridge local and high-z [C ii] observations, we find that the majority of galaxies at all redshifts and all luminosities follow an LCii−LFIR relation with a slope of unity, from which local ULIRGs and high-z active-galactic-nucleus-dominated sources are clear outliers.We also confirm that the strong anti-correlation between the LCii/LFIR ratio and the far-IR color L60/L100 observed in the local universe holds over a broad range of redshifts and luminosities, in the sense that warmer sources exhibit lower LC ii/LFIR at any epoch. Intermediate redshift ULIRGs are also characterized by large molecular gas reservoirs and by lower star formation efficiencies compared to that of local ULIRGs. The high LC ii/LFIR ratios, the moderate star formation efficiencies (LIR/L _COor LIR/MH2 ), and the relatively low dust temperatures of our sample (which are also common characteristics of high-z star-forming galaxies with ULIRG-like luminosities) indicate that the evolution of the physical properties of (U)LIRGs between the present day and z > 1 is already significant by z ∼ 0.3

Cytokine Production but Lack of Proliferation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Chronic Chagas' Disease Cardiomyopathy Patients in Response to T. cruzi Ribosomal P Proteins

Background:Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P proteins, P2β and P0, induce high levels of antibodies in patients with chronic Chagas' disease Cardiomyopathy (CCC). It is well known that these antibodies alter the beating rate of cardiomyocytes and provoke apoptosis by their interaction with β1-adrenergic and M2-muscarinic cardiac receptors. Based on these findings, we decided to study the cellular immune response to these proteins in CCC patients compared to non-infected individuals.Methodology/Principal findings:We evaluated proliferation, presence of surface activation markers and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with P2β, the C-terminal portion of P0 (CP0) proteins and T. cruzi lysate from CCC patients predominantly infected with TcVI lineage. PBMC from CCC patients cultured with P2β or CP0 proteins, failed to proliferate and express CD25 and HLA-DR on T cell populations. However, multiplex cytokine assays showed that these antigens triggered higher secretion of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF by PBMC as well as both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets of CCC subjects. Upon T. cruzi lysate stimulation, PBMC from CCC patients not only proliferated but also became activated within the context of Th1 response. Interestingly, T. cruzi lysate was also able to induce the secretion of GM-CSF by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells.Conclusions/Significance:Our results showed that although the lack of PBMC proliferation in CCC patients in response to ribosomal P proteins, the detection of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF suggests that specific T cells could have both immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory potential, which might modulate the immune response in Chagas' disease. Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate for the first time that GM-CSF was produced by PBMC of CCC patients in response not only to recombinant ribosomal P proteins but also to parasite lysate, suggesting the value of this cytokine to evaluate T cells responses in T. cruzi infection.Fil: Longhi, Silvia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Atienza, Augusto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Perez Prados, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Buying, Alcinette. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Balouz, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Buscaglia, Carlos Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Radleigh. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Tasso, Laura Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Bonato, Ricardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Chiale, Pablo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Pinilla, Clemencia. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Judkowski, Valeria A.. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Gomez, Karina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin