Impact Of Metacognitive Awareness On Performance Of Students In Chemistry

The impact of metacognitive awareness on students’ performance has been examined in the present study. 900 students of grade X participated in the study.  Metacognitive awareness was measured using inventory, while performance of students was measured with the help of researcher made test in the subject of chemistry.  Results indicated that metacognitive awareness was significantly correlated with the performance of students.  The highly metacognitively aware science students performed well on the test.  Results further indicated that there was no significant difference in the metacognitive awareness of male and female students. &nbsp

Plasma proteomic signatures of a direct measure of insulin sensitivity in two population cohorts

Aims/hypothesis: The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EIC) is a direct measure and the reference-standard in the assessment of whole-body insulin sensitivity but is laborious and expensive to perform. We aimed to assess the incremental value of high-throughput plasma proteomic profiling in developing signatures correlating with the M-value derived from the EIC. Methods: We measured 828 proteins in the fasting plasma of 966 participants from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease (RISC) study and 745 participants from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) using a high-throughput proximity extension assay. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach using clinical variables and protein measures as features. Models were tested within and across cohorts. Our primary model performance metric was the proportion of the M-value variance explained (R2 82 ). Results: A standard LASSO model incorporating 53 proteins in addition to routinely available clinical variables increased the M-value R2 85 from 0.237 (95% confidence interval: 0.178-0.303) to 0.456 (0.372-0.536) in RISC. A similar pattern was observed in ULSAM in which the M-value R2 increased from 0.443 (0.360-0.530) to 0.632 (0.569-0.698) with the addition of 61 proteins. Models trained in one cohort and tested in the other also demonstrated significant improvements in R2 despite differences in baseline cohort characteristics and clamp methodology: RISC to ULSAM: 0.491 (0.433-0.539) for 51 proteins, ULSAM to RISC: 0.369 (0.331-0.416) for 67 proteins. A randomized LASSO and stability selection algorithm selected only two proteins per cohort (three unique proteins) which improved R2 92 but to a lesser degree than standard LASSO models: 0.352 (0.266-0.439) within RISC and 0.495 (0.404-0.585) within ULSAM. Differences in R2 93 explained between randomized and standard LASSO were notably reduced in the cross-cohort analyses despite the much smaller number of proteins selected: RISC to ULSAM range 0.444 (0.391-0.497) ULSAM to RISC range 0.348 (0.300-0.396). Models of proteins alone were as effective as models that included both clinical variables and proteins using either standard or randomized LASSO. The single most consistently selected protein across all analyses and models was IGFBP2. Conclusions/interpretation: A plasma proteomic signature identified through a standard LASSO approach improves the cross-sectional estimation of the M-value over routine clinical variables. However, a small subset of these proteins identified using stability selection algorithm affords much of this improvement especially when considering cross-cohort analyses. Our approach provides opportunities to improve the identification of insulin resistant individuals at risk of IR-related adverse health consequences

Identification and validation of N-acetyltransferase 2 as an insulin sensitivity gene

Journal ArticleDecreased insulin sensitivity, also referred to as insulin resistance (IR), is a fundamental abnormality in patients with type 2 diabetes and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While IR predisposition is heritable, the genetic basis remains largely unknown. The GENEticS of Insulin Sensitivity consortium conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for direct measures of insulin sensitivity, such as euglycemic clamp or insulin suppression test, in 2,764 European individuals, with replication in an additional 2,860 individuals. The presence of a nonsynonymous variant of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) [rs1208 (803A>G, K268R)] was strongly associated with decreased insulin sensitivity that was independent of BMI. The rs1208 "A" allele was nominally associated with IR-related traits, including increased fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1C, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and coronary artery disease. NAT2 acetylates arylamine and hydrazine drugs and carcinogens, but predicted acetylator NAT2 phenotypes were not associated with insulin sensitivity. In a murine adipocyte cell line, silencing of NAT2 ortholog Nat1 decreased insulin-mediated glucose uptake, increased basal and isoproterenol- stimulated lipolysis, and decreased adipocyte differentiation, while Nat1 overexpression produced opposite effects. Nat1-deficient mice had elevations in fasting blood glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and decreased insulin sensitivity, as measured by glucose and insulin tolerance tests, with intermediate effects in Nat1 heterozygote mice. Our results support a role for NAT2 in insulin sensitivity

Establishment of gene bank of inland water fish species

Genetic knowledge helps to protect biodiversity and optimal harvest resources by several ways. This knowledge can help to reduce the risk of extinction to those populations that have high genetic diversity or diminished by detected them. Also, studies of population genetics can present guidelines for improving the structure of the population and understanding the biology of species. One of the most important applications of DNA database is detecting species, fishing offense, diagnose of anemia and genetic classification of animals. DNA bank has helped to identify the species that are hunted and were discovered only parts of their meat and texture. Optimal Storage of aquatic genetic resources and the conservation of biological diversity, as the national capital by using biotechnology methods are the most important goals of gene bank and database reserves of the country creation. Collecting biological specimens of aquatic species, preparation and long-term maintenance of them, genetic registration of endangered and threatened species and the use of biotechnology techniques for the protection, conservation and management of aquatic genetic resources is one of the other functions of the gene bank. Gene bank of inland waters of Iran (Gorgan) is planned and implemented to identify, collect, maintain and protect species at the level of genes, cells, tissues and live fish research and commercial exploitation. Despite the predicted projected funding for this project, unfortunately funding sources have been considered, does not allocated. Therefore some parts of the aims of this project has been organized by Golestan province credits to build molecular laboratory and aquaculture pond in Alang farm and exploitation of potential Gharasou station and Sijoval center restocking and the conditions for the bulk of the project goals is provided. Some parts like tissue culture laboratory and bioinformatics as well as parts and equipment related to the freezing of sperm and embryo development are the items that should be considered in the development of the this bank

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries