Exploring new physics frontiers through numerical relativity

The demand to obtain answers to highly complex problems within strong-field gravity has been met with significant progress in the numerical solution of Einstein's equations - along with some spectacular results - in various setups. We review techniques for solving Einstein's equations in generic spacetimes, focusing on fully nonlinear evolutions but also on how to benchmark those results with perturbative approaches. The results address problems in high-energy physics, holography, mathematical physics, fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology

Search for long-lived gravitational-wave transients coincident with long gamma-ray bursts

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been linked to extreme core-collapse supernovae from massive stars. Gravitational waves (GW) offer a probe of the physics behind long GRBs. We investigate models of long-lived (~10–1000 s) GW emission associated with the accretion disk of a collapsed star or with its protoneutron star remnant. Using data from LIGO’s fifth science run, and GRB triggers from the Swift experiment, we perform a search for unmodeled long-lived GW transients. Finding no evidence of GW emission, we place 90% confidence-level upper limits on the GW fluence at Earth from long GRBs for three waveforms inspired by a model of GWs from accretion disk instabilities. These limits range from F<3:5 ergs cm⁻2 to F<1200 ergs cm⁻2, depending on the GRB and on the model, allowing us to probe optimistic scenarios of GW production out to distances as far as ≈ 33 Mpc. Advanced detectors are expected to achieve strain sensitivities 10× better than initial LIGO, potentially allowing us to probe the engines of the nearest long GRBs.J. Aasi ... D.J. Hosken ... W. Kim ... E.J. King ... J. Munch ... D. J. Ottaway ... P. J. Veitc

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Libertarian paternalism and health care policy:a deliberative proposal

Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler have been arguing for what they named libertarian paternalism (henceforth LP). Their proposal generated extensive debate as to how and whether LP might lead down a full-blown paternalistic slippery slope. LP has the indubitable merit of having hardwired the best of the empirical psychological and sociological evidence into public and private policy making. It is unclear, though, to what extent the implementation of policies so constructed could enhance the capability for the exercise of an autonomous citizenship. Sunstein and Thaler submit it that in most of the cases in which one is confronted with a set of choices, some default option must be picked out. In those cases whoever devises the features of the set of options ought to rank them according to the moral principle of non-maleficence and possibly to that of beneficence. In this paper we argue that LP can be better implemented if there is a preliminary deliberative debate among the stakeholders that elicits their preferences, and makes it possible to rationally defend them

Modelo de predição de uma repetição máxima (1RM) baseado nas características antropométricas de homens e mulheres Modelo de predicción de una repetición máxima (1RM) basado en las características antropométricas de hombres y mujeres Prediction model of a maximal repetition (1RM) based on male and female anthropometrical characteristics

O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver uma equação para predição da carga de uma repetição máxima (1RM) em homens e mulheres, usando exclusivamente as características antropométricas. Participaram deste estudo 44 jovens de baixo risco, com experiência em treinamento de força, sendo 22 do sexo masculino (23 &plusmn; 4 anos, 76,6 &plusmn; 12,7kg, 173,9 &plusmn; 5,5cm, 11 &plusmn; 4,5% de gordura) e 22 do feminino (22 &plusmn; 4 anos, 54 &plusmn; 6,0kg, 161 &plusmn; 5,8cm, 18 &plusmn; 2,2% de gordura). Inicialmente, eles passaram por uma avaliação antropométrica seguida de um teste de 1RM de familiarização no exercício de desenvolvimento, que foi repetido após 48h. A repetibilidade do teste de 1RM foi testada pelo Wilcoxon matched paired test. Finalmente, a carga de 1RM foi modelada em função das variáveis antropométricas por regressão linear múltipla (forward stepwise) usando como critério de corte das variáveis independentes deltar² < 0,01. A confiabilidade dos modelos foi expressa pela análise de Bland e Altman. Adotou-se em todos os testes alfa = 0,05. Não se registraram diferenças entre teste e reteste, resultando em 44,6 &plusmn; 13,2kg e 12,2 &plusmn; 3,2kg nos indivíduos do sexo masculino (SM) e feminino (SF), respectivamente. Além das variáveis antropométricas, incluiu-se aos modelos o tempo de experiência em treinamento de força. No SM, o modelo resultou em 84% da variância explicada, com erro padrão equivalente a 12%. Por outro lado, no SF, a capacidade preditiva do modelo obtido foi mais fraca, resultando em 56% da variância explicada e erro padrão equivalente a 20%. Em conclusão, os modelos obtidos mostraram adequada confiabilidade, de forma que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para predição da carga de 1RM.<br>El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido desarrollar una ecuación para predecir la carga de una repetición máxima (1RM) en hombres y mujeres, usando exclusivamente las características antropométricas. Participaron de este estudio 44 jóvenes de bajo riesgo, con experiencia en entrenamiento de fuerza, 22 del sexo masculino (23 &plusmn; 4 años, 76,6 &plusmn; 12,7 kg, 173,9 &plusmn; 5,5 cm, 11 &plusmn; 4,5% de grasa) y 22 del sexo femenino (22 &plusmn; 4 años, 54 &plusmn; 6,0 kg, 161 &plusmn; 5,8 cm, 18 &plusmn; 2,2% de grasa). Al inicio, estos pasaron por una evaluación antropométrica seguida de un test de 1RM de familiarización en el ejercicio en desarrollo, que fue repetido después de 48 h. La repetibilidad del test de 1RM fue probada por Wilcoxon matched paired test. Finalmente la carga de 1RM fue modelada en función de las variables antropométricas por regresión lineal múltiple (forward stepwise) usando como criterio de aglomeración de las variables independientes deltar² < 0,01. La confiabilidad de los modelos se expresó por el análisis de Bland y Altman. En todos los tests se adoptó alfa = 0,05. No se registraron diferencias entre el test y el retest, resultando en 44,6 &plusmn; 13,2 kg y 12,2 &plusmn; 3,2kg en los individuos del sexo masculino (SM) y femenino (SF), respectivamente. Fuera de las variables antropométricas, se incluyó a los modelos el tiempo de experiencia en la actividad de fuerza. En el SM, el modelo resultó en 84% de la varianza explicada, con un error padrón equivalente a 12%. Por otro lado, en el SF, la capacidad predictiva del modelo obtenido no fue tan eficaz, resultando en 56% de la varianza explicada y un error padrón equivalente a 20%. En conclusión, los modelos obtenidos mostraron adecuada confiabilidad, de forma que pueden ser utilizados como herramientas para predecir la carga de 1RM.<br>The goal of the present study was to develop an equation for predicting the workload of one maximal repetition (1RM) in women and men, based exclusively on anthropometrical characteristics. Forty-four low-risk and experienced in strength training young subjects, being 22 male (23 &plusmn; 4 years, 76.6 &plusmn; 12.7 kg, 173.9 &plusmn; 5.5 cm, 11 &plusmn; 4.5 % of body fat) and 22 female (22 &plusmn; 4 years, 54 &plusmn; 6.0 kg, 161 &plusmn; 5.8 cm, 18 &plusmn; 2.2 % of body fat) volunteered for this study. All subjects were submitted to an anthropometrical evaluation followed by a 1RM familiarization test (shoulder press), which was repeated after 48h. The repeatability was tested using Wilcoxon Matched paired test. Finally, the 1RM workload was modeled in relation to the anthropometrical variables through multiple linear regression (forward stepwise) using as cutoff criteria for the independent variables deltar² < 0.01. The models reliability was expressed by the Bland and Altman analysis. All tests assumed alpha = 0.05. No significant differences were recorded between the two tests, resulting 44.6 &plusmn; 13.2 kg and 12.2 &plusmn; 3.2kg, for male (MS) and female (FS) subjects respectively. The time of practice in strength training was also included in the models. The model resulted in 84% of explained variance and a standard error of 12% for the MS. On the other hand, for the FS the predictive capacity was weaker than for = the MS, resulting in 56% of the explained variance and a standard error of 20%. In conclusion, the obtained models showed acceptable reliability so that they can be currently used as a tool for predicting the 1RM workload