Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V John V. Vickers Cruise in the Pacific Ocean (WOCE Section P13, NOAA CGC92 Cruise, August 4 - October 21, 1992)

This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO{sub 2}) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations during the R/V John V. Vickers oceanographic cruise in the Pacific Ocean (Section P13). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate and Global Change Program, the cruise began in Los Angeles, California, on August 4, 1992, with a transit line (Leg 0) to Dutch Harbor, Alaska. On August 16, the ship departed Dutch Harbor on Leg 1 of WOCE section P13. On September 15, the R/V John V. Vickers arrived in Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, for emergency repairs, and after 11 days in port departed for Leg 2 of Section P13 on September 26. The cruise ended on October 21 in Noumea, New Caledonia. Measurements made along WOCE Section P13 included pressure, temperature, salinity [measured by a conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor (CTD)], bottle salinity, bottle oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12), TCO{sub 2} , and TALK. The TCO{sub 2} was measured by coulometry using a Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA). The overall precision and accuracy of the analyses was {+-}2 {micro}mol/kg. Samples collected for TALK were measured by potentiometric titration; precision was {+-}2 {micro}mol/kg. The CO{sub 2} -related measurements aboard the R/V John V. Vickers were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The WOCE Section P13 data set is available free of charge as a numeric data package (NDP) from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. The NDP consists of two oceanographic data files, two FORTRAN 90 data-retrieval routine files, a documentation file, and this printed report, which describes the contents and format of all files as well as the procedures and methods used to obtain the data. Instructions on how to access the data are provided

ЭРОЗИЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ ДИГИТАЛИЗАЦИИ

Рассмотрены структура и функции механизмов развития и эрозии (размывания) компетенций в инновационных проектах по внедрению информационно-коммуникационных технологий в дигитализации общества. Определены факторы развития и эрозии компетенций. Была построена модель оценки компетенций и компетенций для успешного внедрения информационных и коммуникационных технологий на примере программ управления проектами и оцифровки. Предлагаемая модель развития компетенций проектной команды по созданию и внедрению основана на балансе факторов развития компетенций инновационного проекта и их эрозии в процессе реализации. Изучение факторов развития и эрозии компетенций в управлении инновационными проектами по дигитализации позволяет адекватно реагировать на изменения в профиле компетенций инновационных проектов. В то же время анализ позволяет руководителю проекта формировать эффективные программы для приобретения определенных компетенций для членов команды и других заинтересованных сторон. Предложенная модель факторов развития и эрозии системы компетенций проверена на примерах, подтверждающих ее адекватность и эффективность. Эта модель развития и эрозии компетенций команды проекта по дигитализации основана на балансе факторов для развития компетенций инновационного проекта и их размывания в процессе реализации. Изучение факторов развития и размывания компетенций в управлении инновационными проектами позволяет нам адекватно реагировать на изменения в профиле компетенций инновационных проектов. В то же время анализ позволяет руководителю проекта формировать эффективные программы для приобретения определенных компетенций для членов команды и других заинтересованных сторон. Предложенная авторами модель факторов развития и размывания системы компетенций проверяется на примерах применения методологии Agile на уровне кафедры управления проектами Киевского национального университета строительства и архитектуры. Реализация подтвердила адекватность и эффективность модели и методов анализа развития и размывания компетенций и, как следствие, компетентности. В качестве направления для дальнейшего развития необходимо определить методы и алгоритмы активного реагирования Лидера на развитие, и эрозию компетенций, формируя соответствующие компетенции членов команды, обеспечивающие успех инновационных проектов

A comparative study of optical properties and X-ray induced luminescence of octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes

© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Octahedral metal cluster complexes have high potential for biomedical applications. In order to evaluate the benefits of these moieties for combined CT/X-ray luminescence computed tomography, this paper compares photoluminescence, radiodensity and X-ray induced luminescence properties of eight related octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes [{M 6 I 8 }L 6 ] n (where M is Mo or W and L is I - , NO 3 - , OTs - or OH - /H 2 O). This article demonstrates that despite the fact that molybdenum cluster complexes are better photoluminescence emitters, tungsten cluster complexes, in particular (Bu 4 N) 2 [{W 6 I 8 }I 6 ], demonstrate significantly higher X-ray induced luminescence due to a combination of relatively good photoluminescence properties and high X-ray attenuation. Additionally, photo-degradation of [{M 6 I 8 }(NO 3 ) 6 ] 2- was evaluated

Carbon dioxide, hydrographic, and chemical data obtained during the R/V Meteor Cruise 18/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean (WOCE Section A1E, September 1991)

The North Atlantic Ocean is characterized by an intense meridional circulation cell carrying near-surface waters of tropical and subtropical origin northward and deep waters of arctic and subarctic origin southward. The related {open_quotes}overturning{close_quotes} is driven by the sinking of water masses at high latitudes. The overturning rate and thus the intensity of the meridional transports of mass, heat, and salt, is an important control parameter for the modeling of the ocean`s role in climate. The Research Vessel (R/V) Meteor Cruise 18/1 was one in a series of cruises in the North Atlantic that started in March 1991 and continued until 1995. This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO{sub 2}) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations, as well as underway partial pressure of CO{sub 2} (pCO{sub 2}) measured during the RIV Meteor Cruise 18/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section A1E). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the German North Atlantic Overturning Rate Determination expedition, the cruise began in Reykjavik, Iceland, on September 2, 1991, and ended after 24 days at sea in Hamburg, Germany, on September 25, 1991. WOCE Zonal Section AlE began at 60{degrees}N and 42{degrees}30{prime} W (southeast of Greenland) and continued southeast with a closely spaced series of hydrocasts to 52{degrees}20{prime} N and 14{degrees}15{prime} W (Porcupine Shelves). Measurements made along WOCE Section AlE included pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen measured by a conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) sensor; bottle salinity; oxygen; phosphate; nitrate; nitrite; silicate; TCO{sub 2}; TALK; and underway pCO{sub 2}. A total of 61 CTD casts were made, including 59 bottle casts and 2 calibration stations

Overview of the Nordic Seas CARINA data and salinity measurements

Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas include the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution provides an overview of the CARINA data from the Nordic Seas and summarises the findings of the QC of the salinity data. One cruise had salinity data that were of questionable quality, and these have been removed from the data product. An evaluation of the consistency of the quality controlled salinity data suggests that they are consistent to at least ±0.005

Modeling processes in IDEF0 (Integration Definition for Function Modeling). Lab manual for the course of "Modeling and reengineering business processes" for students specialized in fild of stady 124 – System analisis

Методичні рекомендації мають на меті допомогти студентам у самостійному засвоєнні дисципліни «Моделювання та реінжиніринг бізнес-процесів» під час виконання індивідуальних робіт і набуття навичок роботи у середовищі AllFusion Process Modeler. Вони орієнтовані на поглиблення та закріплення теоретичних засад структурного, процесного та об'єктно-орієнтованого підходів до аналізу бізнес-процесів з подальшим їх моделюванням за допомогою CASE-засобів. Рекомендації орієнтовано на активізацію виконавчого етапу навчальної діяльності студентів спеціальності 124 – Cистемний аналіз.The objective of the lab manual is to help students independently master the optional discipline "Modeling and reengineering business processes" while doing the individual task and learning how to deal with AllFusion Process Modeler. The lab manual is aimed at deepening and consolidating the theoretical knowledge on structural, process and object-oriented approaches to the business processes analysis; learning how to apply the methods of analysis for business process modelling; mastering the modelling methods with the help of the CASE-tools. The manual is aimed at activating the executive stage of students' educational activities fild of stady 124 – System analisis

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ АНТИМІКРОБНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ БЕДРИНЦЮ ЛОМИКАМЕНЕВОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ ГУСТОГО

The aim of the work. Determination of antimicrobial activity of subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella dry extract. Materials and Methods.  The object for research was chosen subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella dry extract (pimpenella thick extract-1, obtained by extraction with 75 % ethanol and pimpenella thick extract-2, extractant 85 % ethanol). Five archival strains were used as test cultures: gram-positive microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, spore culture Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, gram-negative culture of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. Antifungal effect was found on Candida albicans ATCC 885-653. The bacteriostatic properties of the subjects under investigation were determined by the growth of reference strains of microorganisms in the native aqueous solution of the saxifrage pimpinella and in dilution 1:2 and 1:4 in the meat-peptone broth; bactericidal – in the absence of growth of the content of samples with dilution of the extract on dense live nutrients (meat-peptone agar – MPA) for gram-positive microorganisms S. aureus, B. subtilis, for the gram-negative culture of E. coli, P. aeruginosa. Agar Saburo was used for yeast-like fungi of the Candida (C. albicans) genus. Results and Discussion. The subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella dry extract has a wide range of antibacterial activity. The native extract of pimpenella thick extract-1 in relation to the test strains of S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans showed a bactericidal effect. It manifested a bacteriostatic effect to P. aeruginosa, but in relation to E. coli, the antimicrobial effect was not detected. Extract in dilution 1:2 and 1:4 showed bactericidal action against B. subtilis, bacteriostatic – to S. aureus, C. albicans and no antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The native sample of pimpenella thick extract-2 in relation to all 5 tested strains tested showed bactericidal activity; in dilution of 1:2 and 1:4 showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans. Antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was not detected. The antimicrobial activity of the native saxifrage pimpinella dry extract was also studied by in vitro method of diffusion into agar – the method of "wells". Strains S. aureus, C. albicans, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli showed sensitivity to the native subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella dry extract. Gram-positive bacterial strains of S. aureus, as well as C. albicans, B. subtilis fungi, are most susceptible to pimpenella thick extract-2, and pimpenella thick extract-1 manifested relatively less sensitivity. Gram-negative cultures P. aeruginosa and E. coli also showed moderate sensitivity to pimpenella thick extract-1, but significantly greater sensitivity to pimpenella thick extract-2. Conclusions. 1. It was experimentally established that both investigated samples of the subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella dry extract manifest antibacterial activity. 2. The subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella dry extract showed a more pronounced antimicrobial activity in relation to the gram-positive microflora, therefore it is promising for the creation of a medicinal product with antimicrobial properties.Мета роботи. Визначення антимікробної активності бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого. Матеріали і методи.  Oб’єктoм для дoслідження обрано бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий (БЕГ-1, одержаний екстрагуванням 75 % етанолом і БЕГ-2, екстрагент 85 % етанол). В якості тест-культур використовували 5 музейних штамів: грампозитивні мікроорганізми Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538, спорову культуру Bacillus subtilis АТСС 6633, грамнегативну культуру Escherichia coli АТСС 25922 та Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 9027. Антифунгальну дію з’ясовували відносно Candida albicans АТСС 885-653. Бактеріостатичні властивoсті дoсліджуваних oб’єктів встанoвлювали за результатами росту еталонних штамів мікроорганізмів у нативному водному розчині бедринцю та в розведені 1:2 та 1:4 в м'ясо-пептонному бульйоні; бактерицидні – за відсутністю росту вмісту пробірок із розведенням екстракту на щільних пoживних середoвищах (м’ясо-пептонний агар – МПА) для грампозитивних мікроорганізмів S. aureus, B. subtilis, для грамнегативної культури E. coli, P. аeruginosa. Агар Сабуро використовували для дріжджеподібних грибів роду Candida (C. аlbicans). Результати й обговорення. Бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий має широкий спектр антибактеріальної активності. Нативний екстракт БЕГ-1 по відношенню до тест-штамів S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. аlbicans проявляв бактерицидну дію. Бактеріостатичну дію він проявляв до P. aeruginosa, а по відношенню до E. coli антимікробного ефекту не виявлено. Екстракти в розведені 1:2 та 1:4 проявили бактерицидну дію відносно B. subtilis, бактеріостатичну – до S. aureus, C. albicans і не виявлено протимікробної дії до E. coli та P. aeruginosa. Нативний зразок БЕГ-2 по відношенню до усіх досліджуваних 5 тест–штамів проявив бактерицидну активність; у розведені 1:2 та 1:4 проявляв бактерицидну та бактеріостатичну дію відносно S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans. Антимікробна дія по відношенню до E. coli та P. aeruginosa не виявлена. Антимікрoбну активність нативного бедринцю ломикаменевого екстракту густого також вивчали у дoслідах in vitro методом дифузії в агар –  метод “колодязів”. Штами S. aureus, C. albicans, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli проявили чутливість до нативного бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого. Грампозитивні бактеріальні штами S. aureus,а також гриби C. albicans, B. subtilis є найбільш чутливими до  БЕГ-2, а БЕГ-1 проявляв порівняно меншу чутливість. Грамнегативні культури P. aeruginosa та E. coli також проявили помірну чутливість до  БЕГ-1, але значно більшу чутливість до БЕГ-2. Висновки. 1. Експериментально встановлено, що обидва досліджувані зразки бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого проявляють антибактеріальну активність. 2. Бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий проявляв більш виражену антимікробну активність по відношенню до грампозитивної мікрофлори, тому є перспективним для створення лікарського засобу з антимікробними властивостями

Evolution of inhibitor-resistant natural mutant forms of HIV-1 protease probed by pre-steady state kinetic analysis

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM) Pre-steady state kinetic analysis of mechanistic features of substrate binding and processing is crucial for insight into the evolution of inhibitor-resistant forms of HIV-1 protease. These data may provide a correct vector for rational drug design assuming possible intrinsic dynamic effects. These data should also give some clues to the molecular mechanism of protease action and resistance to inhibitors. Here we report pre-steady state kinetics of the interaction of wild type or mutant forms of HIV-1 protease with a FRET-labeled peptide. The three-stage “minimal” kinetic scheme with first and second reversible steps of substrate binding and with following irreversible peptide cleavage step adequately described experimental data. For the first time, a set of “elementary” kinetic parameters of wild type HIV-1 protease and its natural mutant inhibitor-resistant forms MDR-HM, ANAM-11 and prDRV4 were compared. Inhibitors of the first and second generation were used to estimate the inhibitory effects on HIV-1 protease activity. The resulting set of kinetic data supported that the mutant forms are kinetically unaffected by inhibitors of the first generation, proving their functional resistance to these compounds. The second generation inhibitor darunavir inhibited mutant forms MDR-HM and ANAM-11, but was ineffective against prDRV4. Our kinetic data revealed that these inhibitors induced different conformational changes in the enzyme and, thereby they have different mode of binding in the enzyme active site. These data confirmed hypothesis that the driving force of the inhibitor-resistance evolution is disruption of enzyme-inhibitor complex by changing of the contact network in the inhibitor binding site

Toward an integrated observing system for ocean carbon and biogeochemistry at a time of change

peer reviewedOcean biogeochemical cycles are currently undergoing fundamental changes – largely as a consequence of the addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The oceans are getting warmer, and their pH and oxygen levels are decreasing. Further changes may arise as a consequence of the perturbation of the global nitrogen cycle, leading to higher inputs of fixed nitrogen to the ocean by rivers and enhanced deposition of nitrogen to the surface ocean. These biogeochemical changes plus the concomitant changes in ocean circulation will have profound effects on some of the ocean’s key services, i.e. its capability to mitigate climate change by removing anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, and its provision of important ecosystem services such as food and biodiversity. Documenting, understanding, and predicting these biogeochemical changes require a concerted and sustained observational effort that includes both the continuation of well-tested approaches and the development and implementation of novel systems. Of particular importance for the first set of approaches are the sustaining and extension of (i) a surface ocean volunteer ocean ship-based observing system primarily focusing on the determination of the air-sea exchange of CO2 and upper ocean changes in carbonate chemistry, of (ii) an interior ocean research-ship based system focusing on large-scale interior changes of the ocean’s biogeochemistry (carbon, oxygen, nutrients, etc), and of (iii) ship-based and moored time-series observations at key sites, including the coastal ocean. Of particular importance for the second set of approaches are (i) the accelerated improvement, development and implementation of new observational elements on the Argo array (especially oxygen, but also nutrient and bio-optical sensors), and (ii) the development, testing, and deployment of novel sensors for the ocean’s carbon system. Concerted synthesis efforts involving also novel approaches for merging observations with biogeochemical models will ensure that these observational elements realize their synergistic potential

A multi-decade record of high quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) “living data” publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID