El cuerpo, hipermodernidad y medicina

El cuerpo es uno de los grandes ausentes de la filosofía médica en México; el cuerpo se instala en un todo y su interpretación es pobre. en Medicina, el análisis del cuerpo transita entre la salud y la enfermedad, aquí se realiza una reflexión en torno al cuerpo, la hipermodernidad y la medicina

Diagnostic system failure functional fuel cells through virtual instrumentation and signal processing

Emilio Contreras, Universidad APEC, República Dominicana; Yrvin Rivera, Universidad APEC, República Dominicana; Alvin Rodríguez, Universidad APEC, República Dominicana.Este proyecto de investigación se fundamenta en las Celdas de Combustibles (CC) de membrana de intercambio protónico (PEM), como elemento de producción de energía renovable limpia. En este trabajo de investigación se espera desarrollar algoritmos y técnicas que permitan hacer diagnósticos sobre los fallos que presentan en su funcionamiento las celdas, los cuales no son predecibles. Se plantea que, mediante el uso de software y hardware, se puede caracterizar y generar un modelo capaz de simular el comportamiento electroquímico de la celda de combustible. Para lograr estos objetivos formulados se instalará una celda de 4.5 kW en un área dedicada exclusivamente para estudiar el comportamiento bajo condiciones controlables de los parámetros de funcionamiento de la celda. Los resultados de las pruebas serán capturados utilizando instrumentación virtual y registrada en una base de datos integrada a un sistema computacional, los cuales servirán para diseñar y validar el modelo que define la celda. Como estrategia metodología esta investigación se divide en tres etapas; de las cuales, este trabajo aborda las dos primeras etapas con sus resultados y se plantea la tercera como una expansión futura. Los resultados esperados son: la creación de un Centro de energía renovable localizado en el Campus de Ingeniería de la Universidad APEC, la instalación de la celda de combustible instalada y el diseño de la instrumentación virtual para la captura de información que permitan validar los hallazgos de los estudios sobre las fallas funcionales de la celda PEM. // Abstract: This research project is based on fuel cells (FC) of proton exchange membrane (PEM), as an element of production of clean renewable energy. In this research is expected to develop algorithms and techniques to make diagnoses on the failures that occur in the cells operation, which are not predictable. It is stated that by using software and hardware, can be characterized and generate a model that can simulate the electrochemical behavior of the fuel cell. To achieve these objectives formulated a cell of 4.5 kw will be installed on a dedicated exclusively to study the behavior under controlled conditions of the operating parameters of the cell area. The test results will be captured using virtual instrumentation and recorded in a database integrated with a computer system which will be used to design and validate the model that defines the cell. As a strategy this research methodology is divided into three stages, this paper addresses the first two stages with their results and the third is planned as a future expansion. Expected results at this stage are: the establishment of a Renewable Energy Center located on the campus of Engineering at the University APEC, the installation of the fuel cell, the design and installation of virtual instrumentation to capture information to validate the findings of studies on the functional failures of the PEM cell.Universidad APEC (UNAPEC)

Molecular characterization of autophagic and apoptotic signaling induced by sorafenib in liver cancer cells

Sorafenib is the unique accepted molecular targeted drug for the treatment of patients in advanced stage of hepatocellular carcinoma. The current study evaluated cell signaling regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) leading to autophagy and apoptosis induced by sorafenib. Sorafenib induced early (3–12 hr) ER stress characterized by an increase of Ser51P-eIF2α/eIF2α, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IRE1α, and sXBP1, but a decrease of activating transcription factor 6 expression, overall temporally associated with the increase of Thr183,Tyr185P-JNK1/2/JNK1/2, Thr172P-AMPKα, Ser413P-Foxo3a, Thr308P-AKt/AKt and Thr32P-Foxo3a/Foxo3a ratios, and reduction of Ser2481P-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR and protein translation. This pattern was related to a transient increase of tBid, Bim EL, Beclin-1, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, autophagy markers, and reduction of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression. The progressive increase of CHOP expression, and reduction of Thr308P-AKt/AKt and Ser473P-AKt/AKt ratios were associated with the reduction of autophagic flux and an additional upregulation of Bim EL expression and caspase-3 activity (24 hr). Small interfering-RNA (si-RNA) assays showed that Bim, but not Bak and Bax, was involved in the induction of caspase-3 in sorafenib-treated HepG2 cells. Sorafenib increased autophagic and apoptotic markers in tumor-derived xenograft model. In conclusion, the early sorafenib-induced ER stress and regulation of JNK and AMPK-dependent signaling were related to the induction of survival autophagic process. The sustained drug treatment induced a progressive increase of ER stress and PERK-CHOP-dependent rise of Bim EL, which was associated with the shift from autophagy to apoptosis. The kinetic of Bim EL expression profile might also be related to the tight balance between AKt- and AMPK-related signaling leading to Foxo3a-dependent BIM EL upregulation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2016‐75352‐PInstituto de Salud Carlos III PI15/00034, PI13/ 00021, PI16/00090, PI14/01349Ministerio de Educación FPU16/05127, FPU12/01433, FPU13/01237Junta de Andalucía CTS-6264, PI-00025-2013, PI-0127-2013, PI-0198-201

Impacto de la educación sexual en el nivel de conocimiento sobre métodos anticonceptivos en dos instituciones públicas en condición de semilibertad y abandono, Caracas, Venezuela

En la adolescencia se inician las relaciones sexuales, lo que conlleva el riesgo de un embarazo y contagio de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, por lo tanto, es importante evaluar el conocimiento sobre métodos anticonceptivos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo experimental longitudinal, donde se evaluó el impacto de la educación sexual sobre el nivel de conocimiento sobre métodos anticonceptivos, el uso de los mismos e inicio de actividad sexual en adolescentes en condición de semilibertad y abandono. Resultados: Se encuestaron 13 adolescentes, un 61,5% de sexo masculino y un 38,5% femenino, la edad promedio de los adolescentes fue 17 años, un 61,5% presentaba un nivel regular de conocimiento sobre anticonceptivos, un 69,2% ha iniciado actividad sexual, y un 44,4% ha utilizado algún método anticonceptivo. Discusión: Se observó que informar al adolescente sobre métodos anticonceptivos permite mejorar su nivel de conocimiento.In the adolescence the sexual relation starts. This carries the risk of pregnancy, and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, therefore, it is important to assess the knowledge about methods contraceptives. Methods: A descriptive, experimental, longitudinal study, that assesses the impact of sex education on the level of knowledge about methods contraceptives, the use of there and onset of sexual activity was performed. Results: Thirteen adolescents were surveyed, a 61.5% male and a 38.5% female. The average age of the adolescents was 17 years, a 61.5% had a regular level of knowledge about contraception, 69.2% initiated sexual activity, and 44.4% had used some method contraception. Discussion: It was observed that inform teens about contraception can improve their level of knowledge.http://revistas.utp.edu.co/index.php/revistamedic

Combination of DROOL rules and Protégé knowledge bases in the ONTO-H annotation tool

ONTO-H is a semi-automatic collaborative tool for the semantic annotation of documents, built as a Protégé 3.0 tab plug-in. Among its multiple functionalities aimed at easing the document annotation process, ONTO-H uses a rule-based system to create cascading annotations out from a single drag and drop operation from a part of a document into an already existing concept or instance of the domain ontology being used for annotation. It also gives support to the detection of name conflicts and instance duplications in the creation of the annotations. The rule system runs on top of the open source rule engine DROOLS and is connected to the domain ontology used for annotation by means of an ad-hoc programmed Java proxy

LAS TRANSFORMACIONES SOCIOCULTURALES DEL CONSEJO POPULAR GUAMO VIEJO DEL MUNICIPIO RIO CAUTO, A PARTIR DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE INICIATIVAS DEL DESARROLLO LOCAL (Original)

The idea of ​​the research emerged from different visits to the Guamo Viejo People's Council of Río Cauto municipality as part of the International Project on Food Sovereignty for Local Development aimed at vulnerable groups affected by natural disasters in Caribbean countries; It has among its lines of action the management of community development from the sociocultural dimension, aiming to: Strengthen community management through socio-cultural dynamization by promoting the training of skills and competencies in municipal social and cultural actors and promoting participation Of the population in local development processes. Its general objective is to propose a strategy of local development initiative that allows socio-cultural transformations in the Guamo Viejo People's Council of Río Cauto municipality. It is shown how in the conditions of the update of the Cuban economic model, actions can be managed from the local development, influencing the unmet demands in the popular councils, from the potentialities of the human being, from the man in his socio context - historical and natural; Creating in them skills, knowledge, to be able to engender cultural processes with their active participation.La idea de la investigación surgió a partir de diferentes visitas realizadas al Consejo Popular Guamo Viejo del municipio  Río Cauto como parte del Proyecto Internacional de Soberanía Alimentaría para el Desarrollo Local dirigido a grupos vulnerables afectados por desastres naturales en países del Caribe; el mismo tiene entre sus líneas de acción la gestión del desarrollo comunitario desde la dimensión sociocultural, teniendo como objetivo: Fortalecer la Gestión comunitaria a través de la dinamización sociocultural promoviendo la formación de capacidades y competencias en los actores municipales sociales y culturales e impulsando la participación de la población en los procesos de desarrollo local. Tiene como objetivo general proponer una estrategia de iniciativa de desarrollo local que permita transformaciones socioculturales en el Consejo Popular Guamo Viejo del municipio Río Cauto. Se demuestra como en las condiciones de la actualización de modelo económico cubano, pueden ser gestionadas acciones desde el desarrollo local, influyendo sobre las demandas no satisfechas en los consejos populares, a partir de las potencialidades del ser humano, desde el hombre en su contexto socio-histórico y natural; creando en ellos habilidades, saberes, hasta ser capaces de gestar procesos culturales con su participación activa

Conjunctival Melanoma: A New Clinical and Therapeutical Approach

Melanoma involving the conjunctiva is extremely rare. Graver prognosis has been reported with primary conjunctival melanoma than with their cutaneous counterparts [Collin et al.: Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1986;14:29–34]. Among conjunctival melanomas, two significant risk factors for tumour-related death have been identified: (i) age older than 55 years and (ii) unfavourable tumour location (caruncle, cornea, fornix, palpebral conjunctiva) [Werschnik and Lommatzsch: Am J Clin Oncol 2002;25:248–255]. Here we present a rare case of lentigo maligna involving the palpebral, bulbar conjunctiva and the caruncle. We describe dermoscopic patterns observed and the use of a novel ocular melanoma therapy with topical imiquimod

Disrupted functional connectivity in adolescent obesity

Background/objective: Obesity has been associated with brain alterations characterised by poorer interaction between a hypersensitive reward system and a comparatively weaker prefrontal-cognitive control system. These alterations may occur as early as in adolescence, but this notion remains unclear, as no studies so far have examined global functional connectivity in adolescents with excess weight. Subjects/methods: We investigated functional connectivity in a sample of 60 adolescents with excess weight and 55 normal weight controls. We first identified parts of the brain displaying between-group global connectivity differences and then characterised the extent of the differences in functional network integrity and their association with reward sensitivity. Results: Adolescent obesity was linked to neuroadaptations in functional connectivity within brain hubs linked to interoception (insula), emotionalmemory (middle temporal gyrus) and cognitive control (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) (pFWE < 0.05). The connectivity between the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex was reduced in comparison to controls, as was the connectivity between the middle temporal gyrus and the posterior cingulate cortex and cuneus/precuneus (pFWE < 0.05). Conversely, the middle temporal gyrus displayed increased connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex (pFWE < 0.05). Critically, these networks were correlated with sensitivity to reward (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that adolescent obesity is linked to disrupted functional connectivity in brain networks relevant to maintaining balance between reward, emotional memories and cognitive control. Our findings may contribute to reconceptualization of obesity as a multi-layered brain disorder leading to compromised motivation and control, and provide a biological account to target prevention strategies for adolescent obesity

Contribución de la radiología digital al mejoramiento de la calidad en el servicio de imagenología

Objective. This documentary study evaluates the optimal strategies of digital radiology (DR) in Radiology services in low and medium complexity hospitals in Colombia. Method. Exhaustive bibliographic review where the benefits were identified and compared with analog radiology, it was developed based on a sample of 32 scientific articles in different journals such as Dialnet, SciELO, Scopus, Springer Open, IOP Science. Result. X-ray imaging is a powerful and inexpensive technology that has been widely used in medical diagnosis. The technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high performance X-ray detectors and associated imaging applications. Therefore, medical imaging services propose effective strategies in the functionality of digital radiology, factors that interfere with the computer system process. Conclusion. Taking into account the technical and fundamental advances of X-ray detectors, the emergence of computed radiography (CR) (DR) has led to technological evolution for obtaining digital X-ray images with more accurate and instantaneous information, while its separate reading mechanism suffers from technical limitations, such as high radiation dose and a non-dynamic image, this allows imaging service providers to be motivated to invest in adequate technology to generate a more optimal use of resources and the service is provided to the patient with high quality.Objetivo. El presente estudio documental evalúa las estrategias óptimas de la radiología digital (DR) en los servicios de Radiología en los hospitales de baja y mediana complejidad en Colombia. Método. Revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva donde se identificó los beneficios y se hizo comparación con la radiología análoga, se desarrolló basado en una muestra de 32 artículos científicos en diferentes revistas como Dialnet, SciELO, Scopus, Springer Open, IOP Science. Resultado. La imagen por rayos X es una tecnología poderosa y de bajo costo que se ha utilizado ampliamente en el diagnóstico médico. La importancia tecnológica de las imágenes de rayos X ha llevado al rápido desarrollo de detectores de rayos X de alto rendimiento y las aplicaciones de imágenes asociadas. Por lo tanto, los servicios de imágenes médicas proponen estrategias efectivas en la funcionalidad de la radiología digital, factores que interfieren con el proceso del sistema informático. Conclusión. Teniendo en cuenta los avances técnicos y fundamentales de los detectores de rayos X, el surgimiento de la radiografía computarizada (CR) (DR) ha llevado a la evolución tecnológica para la obtención de imágenes de rayos X digitales con información más precisa e instantánea, mientras que su mecanismode lectura separado adolece de limitaciones técnicas, como una alta dosis de radiación y una imagen no dinámica, esto permite a los prestadores de servicio de imagenología se motiven a invertir en una tecnología adecuada para generar un aprovechamiento más óptimo de los recursos y el servicio sea prestado al paciente con alta calidad

SMS-Builder: An adaptive software tool for building systematic mapping studies

A Systematic Mapping Study is an instrument frequently used to carry out a search process, identification, and classification of studies in different fields. Researchers in front of this type of process have a challenge while managing the data about these studies. This paper presents a software tool that has been created to help those who need to build a systematic mapping study. In addition, this work follows the evidence-based software engineering approach and extends it through a software tool by including different ways of adapting this process