142 research outputs found
Augmented Interface Systems for the Darcy-Stokes Problem
In this paper we study interface equations associated to the Darcy-Stokes problem
using the classical Steklov-Poincaré approach and a new one called augmented. We compare
these two families of methods and characterize at the discrete level suitable preconditioners
with additive and multiplicative structures. Finally, we present some numerical results to assess
their behavior in presence of small physical parameters
Aplicación de pruebas paralelas de medición, en sectores laterales de arcos dentarios inferiores primarios, en una población de niños escolares.
Los análisis de predicción en dentición mixta, posibilitan determinar, aún antes de la erupción de caninos y premolares permanentes, el espacio necesario para éstos dentro del arco dental, facilitando un diagnóstico
precoz y planificación adecuada del tratamiento. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la confiabilidad y validez de dos métodos de medición de los diámetros mesio-distales de piezas dentarias primarias de arcos dentarios inferiores. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 80 niños de 6 – 8 años, concurrentes a la Cátedra de Odontopediatría de la FOUNNE, a quienes se les realizó historia clínica, impresiones y modelos de estudio. Las mediciones se realizaron en boca (método directo) y en modelos de estudio (método indirecto), utilizando en ambos casos, un compás de punta seca. Los resultados obtenidos no arrojaron diferencias significativas, demostrando que ambos métodos poseen igual grado de validez Y confiabilida
Domain decomposition methods for domain composition purpose: Chimera, overset, gluing and sliding mesh methods
Domain composition methods (DCM) consist in
obtaining a solution to a problem, from the formulations of the same problem expressed on various subdomains. These methods have therefore the opposite objective of domain
decomposition methods (DDM). Indeed, in contrast to
DCM, these last techniques are usually applied to matching
meshes as their purpose consists mainly in distributing the
work in parallel environments. However, they are sometimes
based on the same methodology as after decomposing,
DDM have to recompose. As a consequence, in the
literature, the term DDM has many times substituted DCM.
DCM are powerful techniques that can be used for different
purposes: to simplify the meshing of a complex geometry
by decomposing it into different meshable pieces; to perform
local refinement to adapt to local mesh requirements;
to treat subdomains in relative motion (Chimera, sliding
mesh); to solve multiphysics or multiscale problems, etc.
The term DCM is generic and does not give any clue about
how the fragmented solutions on the different subdomains
are composed into a global one. In the literature, many
methodologies have been proposed: they are mesh-based,
equation-based, or algebraic-based. In mesh-based formulations,
the coupling is achieved at the mesh level, before the governing equations are assembled into an algebraic
system (mesh conforming, Shear-Slip Mesh Update,
HERMESH). The equation-based counterpart recomposes
the solution from the strong or weak formulation itself, and
are implemented during the assembly of the algebraic
system on the subdomain meshes. The different coupling
techniques can be formulated for the strong formulation at
the continuous level, for the weak formulation either at the
continuous or at the discrete level (iteration-by-subdomains,
mortar element, mesh free interpolation). Although
the different methods usually lead to the same solutions at
the continuous level, which usually coincide with the
solution of the problem on the original domain, they have
very different behaviors at the discrete level and can be
implemented in many different ways. Eventually, algebraic-
based formulations treat the composition of the
solutions directly on the matrix and right-hand side of the
individual subdomain algebraic systems. The present work
introduces mesh-based, equation-based and algebraicbased
DCM. It however focusses on algebraic-based
domain composition methods, which have many advantages
with respect to the others: they are relatively problem
independent; their implicit implementation can be hidden
in the iterative solver operations, which enables one to
avoid intensive code rewriting; they can be implemented in
a multi-code environment
Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer
This Review was sponsored and funded by the International Society of Cancer Prevention (ISCaP), the European Association of Urology (EAU), the National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI) (grant number 1R13CA171707-01), Prostate Cancer UK, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) (grant number C569/A16477), and the Association for International Cancer Research (AICR
Fasting blood glucose, glycaemic control and prostate cancer risk in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer
BACKGROUND: Diabetic men have lowered overall risk of prostate cancer (PCa), but the role of hyperglycaemia is unclear. In this cohort study, we estimated PCa risk among men with diabetic fasting blood glucose level. METHODS: Participants of the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC) were linked to laboratory database for information on glucose measurements since 1978. The data were available for 17,860 men. Based on the average yearly level, the men were categorised as normoglycaemic, prediabetic, or diabetic. Median follow-up was 14.7 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for prostate cancer overall and separately by Gleason grade and metastatic stage. RESULTS: In total 1,663 PCa cases were diagnosed. Compared to normoglycaemic men, those men with diabetic blood glucose level had increased risk of PCa (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.31-1.75). The risk increase was observed for all tumour grades, and persisted for a decade afterwards. Antidiabetic drug use removed the risk association. Limitations include absence of information on lifestyle factors and limited information on BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated diabetic fasting blood glucose level may be a prostate cancer risk factor.Peer reviewe
Current opinion on the role of testosterone in the development of prostate cancer: a dynamic model
Background: Since the landmark study conducted by Huggins and Hodges in 1941, a failure to distinguish between the role of testosterone in prostate cancer development and progression has led to the prevailing opinion that high levels of testosterone increase the risk of prostate cancer. To date, this claim remains unproven.
Presentation of the Hypothesis: We present a novel dynamic mode of the relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer by hypothesizing that the magnitude of age-related declines in testosterone, rather than a static level of testosterone measured at a single point, may trigger and promote the development of prostate cancer.
Testing of the Hypothesis: Although not easily testable currently, prospective cohort studies with population-representative samples and repeated measurements of testosterone or retrospective cohorts with stored blood samples from different ages are warranted in future to test the hypothesis.
Implications of the Hypothesis: Our dynamic model can satisfactorily explain the observed age patterns of prostate cancer incidence, the apparent conflicts in epidemiological findings on testosterone and risk of prostate cancer, racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence, risk factors associated with prostate cancer, and the role of testosterone in prostate cancer progression. Our dynamic model may also have implications for testosterone replacement therapy
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