Bose-Einstein Condensation and Casimir Effect of Trapped Ideal Bose Gas in between two Slabs

We study the Bose-Einstein condensation for a 3-d system of ideal Bose gas which is harmonically trapped along two perpendicular directions and is confined in between two slabs along the other perpendicular direction. We calculate the Casimir force between the two slabs for this system of trapped Bose gas. At finite temperatures this force for thermalized photons in between two plates has a classical expression which is independent of $\hbar$. At finite temperatures the Casimir force for our system depends on $\hbar$. For the calculation of Casimir force we consider only the Dirichlet boundary condition. We show that below condensation temperature($T_c$) the Casimir force for this non-interacting system decreases with temperature($T$) and at $T\gtrsim T_c$, it is independent of temperature. We also discuss the Casimir effect on 3-d highly anisotropic harmonically trapped ideal Bose gas.Comment: 4 page

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE PADA MATERI KENAMPAKAN ALAM WILAYAH INDONESIA (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas V SD Negeri Pamoyanan Kecamatan Pacet Kabupaten Bandung)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model example non example pada pembelajaran IPS pokok bahasan kenampakan alam wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas V SDN Pamoyanan dan dilatar belakangi keadaan siswa yang kurang menunjukkan minat belajar , sehingga masih banyak siswa yang memiliki nilai di bawah KKM karena guru hanya menggunakan metode ceramah yang cenderung monoton dan belum menggunakan model example non example . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan sistem siklus yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksa naan, observasi, analisis dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus dengan 2 pertemuan pada setiap siklusnya dan menerapkan model pembelajaran example non example yang terdiri dari beberapa fase, yaitu stimulus/pemberian rangsangan, pernyataan/identifikasi masalah, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, pembuktian, menarik kesimpulan/generalisasi. Penilaian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teknik tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa , penilaian aktivitas dan lembar observasi untuk mengetahui kegiatan guru dan siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Kesimpulan dari h asil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai rata- rata dari penilaian hasil tes belajar. Pada penilaian hasil belajar siklus 1 rata-rata nilai mencapai 6 0 , 71 sedangkan penilaian hasil belajar siklus 2 rata-rata nilai mencapai 76, 04. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model example non example dapat meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPS pokok bahasan kenampakan alam wilayah Indonesia di kelas V SDN Pamoyanan . Dengan demikian, penggunaan model example non example dapat dijadikan salah satu model pembelajaran untuk diterapkan pada pembelajaran IPS dengan pokok bahasan yang lainnya. Kata kunci : Example non example , minat dan prestasi belajar . vi

Variance according to seasonal change in the living function of aged patients with Parkinson’s disease who live in snowy areas

目的：在宅で生活している高齢パーキンソン病患者の生活機能において，冬季・夏季という気候条件による差異を調査し，積雪地域における高齢パーキンソン病患者の生活支援のあり方について示唆を得ることを目的とした． 方法：在宅療養中の65歳以上のパーキンソン病患者を対象にし、冬季・夏季の2時点で同一の調査票を用いて生活機能の調査を行い、季節差を比較した。患者の属性や診断名については、A保健所に提出された診断書から情報収集を行った。研究のデザインは同一対象群に対して冬季・夏季の2回の調査を行い，比較検討する実態調査研究（比較研究）である． 用語の定義：本研究における生活機能とは，ICFの枠組みを参考にし，患者が，一年を通じて地域社会とのつながりを維持し，自立的に張りのある暮らしを営むことであり，①身体面の不具合と症状（心身機能・身体構造），②日常生活動作（ADL）能力と手段的日常生活動作（IADL）（活動）能力，③社会参加（参加）の相互作用によってかたちづくられるもの，と操作的に定義した． 倫理的配慮：新潟県立看護大学の倫理委員会で承認を受けた後、A保健所長へ研究の主旨を口頭と文書で説明し、機関として研究協力の同意を得た．その後、A保健所を通じて対象者へ①研究協力と②診断書の閲覧・転記について依頼し、①と②ともに同意の得られた者を調査対象者とした。また，研究者から個人情報の匿名性，研究公表時の配慮，データの保護・管理，研究対象者に害・不利益を与えないことへの配慮，研究協力機関への害・不利益を与えないことへの配慮，研究協力への自由意思についての配慮にを対象者に文書で説明し，調査対象者あてに個人情報の保護に関する研究者の誓約書を提出した． 結果：調査対象者は、研究協力の同意ならびに診断書の閲覧の許可が得られた189名とし、夏季，冬季の2回の有効回答者85名（有効回答率45.0％）を分析対象とした。性別は，男性46名（54.1％），女性39名（45.9%）、平均年齢は74.9（SD±6.20）歳で，パーキンソン病の重症度を示すHoehn&Yahrの重症度は，Ⅲ度が33名（38.8％），Ⅳ度が36名（42.4％），Ⅴ度が16名（18.8％）とⅣ度の者が最も多かった．冬季と夏期の季節比較において、「手足の冷えを感じる」と「汗をたくさんかく」の症状に有意な差がみられた。また，Hoehn&Yahrの重症度Ⅲ度の群において「手足の冷えを感じる」「方向転換しにくい」と答えた者は，冬季が夏季に比べ有意に多く，「汗をたくさんかく」は，冬季に比べ夏季が有意に多く、運動器の機能に関する項目については、冬季より夏季の方が有意に機能の向上がみられた．Ⅳ度、Ⅴ度と重症度が上がるにつれ、有意差が見られる項目は減少した。口腔機能に関する項目についは、年齢階級別にみると，70歳から74歳では，冬季より夏季の方が有意に結果であった．また、冬季の平均転倒回数は6.58（SD±30.78）回、最大転倒回数は240回であり，夏季の平均転倒回数は2.51（SD±7.42）回であったが有意差はみられなかった． 考察：生活機能全体に対する季節の影響は，パーキンソン病が軽症の群ほど「汗をたくさんかく」「手足の冷えを感じやすい」といった自律神経症状に季節差がみられ，「方向転換しにくい」といった体の動きにくさに関する自覚症状が夏に有意に減少がみられたことから，冬季は身体機能への支障が出やすい傾向にあることがいえる．Hoehn＆Yahrの重症度Ⅲ度の軽症な群において季節差がみられた自覚症状の一つに「方向転換しにくい」があり，冬季にその割合が高かったことから，軽症な患者ほど特に冬場において，歩行時のバランスに着目して支援を行う必要があることがいえる． 結論：高齢パーキンソン病患者の生活機能全体に対する季節の影響は，Hoehn＆Yahrの重症度のⅢ度の群が，Ⅳ度，Ⅴ度の群に比べ，「汗をたくさんかく」「手足の冷えを感じやすい」といった自律神経症状に季節差がみられた．また，「方向転換しにくい」といった体の動きにくさに関する自覚症状が冬季に有意に多かったことから，冬季は身体機能への支障が出やすい傾向にあることがいえる．平成22年度修了 新潟県立看護大学大学院看護学研究科 修士課程 地域生活看護学領域老年看護学 学位授与年月日:平成23年3月18日master thesi

The Missing Odderon

In contrast to theoretical expectations, experimental results at sqrt(s)=200 GeV for the reaction gamma p --> pi0 X show no evidence for odderon exchange. The upper limit on the cross section is an order of magnitude smaller than the theoretical estimate. It is argued that chiral symmetry leads to a large suppression, taking the thoeretical estimates well below the data. Two additional arguments are presented which may decrease the theoretical estimate further. The calculations are more sensitive to the assumptions made in evaluating the hadronic scattering amplitude than in the processes considered previously and lattice gauge calculations indicate that the odderon intercept may be appreciably lower than usually assumed. These two latter effects are particularly relevant for the reactions gamma p --> f2(1270)X and gamma p --> a2(1320)X for which the data upper limits are also below the theoretical predictions, but not so dramatically as for gamma p --> pi0 X.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

A new gamma*-p / pbar-p factorization test in diffraction, valid below Q^2 about 6 GeV^2

One of the key experimental issues in high energy hadron physics is the extent to which data from the diffractive interaction mechanism may be described by a factorized formula which is the product of a universal term describing the probability of finding a Pomeron in a proton (loosely referred to as the "Pomeron flux-factor") and a term decribing the Pomeron's interaction with the other incident proton. In the present paper, after demonstrating that existing data on diffractive gamma*-p and pbar-p interactions show that the Pomeron flux-factor is not universal, we present the results of a new test of factorization in these interactions which does not rely on universality of the flux-factor. The test is satisfied to within ~20% for 1 < Q^2 ~ 6 GeV^2 and beta < 0.2 in the gamma*-p interactions, suggesting that the resons for non-universality of the flux-factor have a limited effect on the factorization itself. However, a clear breakdown of this test is observed at larger Q^2. Kharzeev and Levin suggest that this can be attributed to the onset of QCD evolution effects in the Pomeron's structure. The breakdown occurs in a Q^2 region which agrees with their estimates of a small Pomeron size.Comment: 20 pages, 7 Encapsulated Postscript figures, LaTex, submitted to European Phisical Journal

Geometric Phase in Entangled Bipartite Systems

The geometric phase (GP) for bipartite systems in transverse external magnetic fields is investigated in this paper. Two different situations have been studied. We first consider two non-interacting particles. The results show that because of entanglement, the geometric phase is very different from that of the non-entangled case. When the initial state is a Werner state, the geometric phase is, in general, zero and moreover the singularity of the geometric phase may appear with a proper evolution time. We next study the geometric phase when intra-couplings appear and choose Werner states as the initial states to entail this discussion. The results show that unlike our first case, the absolute value of the GP is not zero, and attains its maximum when the rescaled coupling constant $J$ is less than 1. The effect of inhomogeneity of the magnetic field is also discussed.Comment: 5 pages and to be published in Euro. Phys. J.

A search for the fourth SM family quarks at Tevatron

It is shown that the fourth standard model (SM) family quarks can be observed at the Fermilab Tevatron if their anomalous interactions with known quarks have sufficient strength.Comment: 7 pages, 2 tables, 4 figure

Confinement from new global defect structures

We investigate confinement from new global defect structures in three spatial dimensions. The global defects arise in models described by a single real scalar field, governed by special scalar potentials. They appear as electrically, magnetically or dyonically charged structures. We show that they induce confinement, when they are solutions of effective QCD-like field theories in which the vacua are regarded as color dielectric media with an anti-screening property. As expected, in three spatial dimensions the monopole-like global defects generate the Coulomb potential as part of several confining potentials.Comment: RevTex4, 7 pages, 1 figure. Version to appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Glycine cleavage system in neurogenic regions

The glycine cleavage system (GCS) is the essential enzyme complex for degrading glycine and supplying 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate for DNA synthesis. Inherited deficiency of this system causes non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, characterized by severe neurological symptoms and frequent association of brain malformations. Although high levels of glycine have been considered to cause the above-mentioned problems, the detailed pathogenesis of this disease is still unknown. Here we show that GCS is abundantly expressed in rat embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells in the neuroepithelium, and this expression is transmitted to the radial glia-astrocyte lineage, with prominence in postnatal neurogenic regions. These data indicate that GCS plays important roles in neurogenesis, and suggest that disturbance of neurogenesis induced by deficiency of GCS may be the main pathogenesis of non-ketotic hyperglycinemi