Urban pollution and ecosystem services

Urban pollutants can degrade and inhibit ecological functions and processes. Those natural processes provide vital benefits and services to humans. The ‘services’ range from food and water provision, to aesthetics, cultural benefits, health and recreation opportunities, and also climate regulation (including water and air quality regulation and flood regulation). These services are referred to collectively as ecosystem services (ES). To understand the impacts of urban pollution, and the opportunities for mitigating its effects, it is important to explore the relationship between pollution and ES. This can lead to better decision-making for urban infrastructure and spaces and can provide increased opportunities for gaining multiple ES from urban environments

DNA Renaturation at the Water-Phenol Interface

We study DNA adsorption and renaturation in a water-phenol two-phase system, with or without shaking. In very dilute solutions, single-stranded DNA is adsorbed at the interface in a salt-dependent manner. At high salt concentrations the adsorption is irreversible. The adsorption of the single-stranded DNA is specific to phenol and relies on stacking and hydrogen bonding. We establish the interfacial nature of a DNA renaturation at a high salt concentration. In the absence of shaking, this reaction involves an efficient surface diffusion of the single-stranded DNA chains. In the presence of a vigorous shaking, the bimolecular rate of the reaction exceeds the Smoluchowski limit for a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled reaction. DNA renaturation in these conditions is known as the Phenol Emulsion Reassociation Technique or PERT. Our results establish the interfacial nature of PERT. A comparison of this interfacial reaction with other approaches shows that PERT is the most efficient technique and reveals similarities between PERT and the renaturation performed by single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins. Our results lead to a better understanding of the partitioning of nucleic acids in two-phase systems, and should help design improved extraction procedures for damaged nucleic acids. We present arguments in favor of a role of phenol and water-phenol interface in prebiotic chemistry. The most efficient renaturation reactions (in the presence of condensing agents or with PERT) occur in heterogeneous systems. This reveals the limitations of homogeneous approaches to the biochemistry of nucleic acids. We propose a heterogeneous approach to overcome the limitations of the homogeneous viewpoint

習慣的消費と合理的中毒性

消費の習慣化は,消費を通じて消費を学習していき,学習が進むにつれ,享受される喜びの度合が増していく過程を意味するとされる。そこでは,過去の消費経験の蓄積が,一種の資本ストックとなって,以後の所定の消費からの効用水準に影響力を発揮するものとされる。 かかる所定の消費からの効用水準の変化は,時間経過にともなう選好の変化であり,一方で,外部の好情報,すなわち社会契約,広告を通じたデモンストレーション効果の作用にともなう変化であり,他方で,社会的,物理的相互依存性の作用にともなうそれであるとみなされ,とりわけ,後者は,喫煙,飲酒がその例として言及されてきたごとくである。 しかるに,かかる変化のあり方を左右する要素として,効用函数の(非)定常性,割引函数の形状が指摘される。定常的効用函数,指数的割引函数の想定は,喫煙,飲酒,薬物等の消費にともなう中毒性をも合理的選択理論の枠組の中で議論され得る合理的中毒性に導く。 以下では,まず,合理的中毒性の議論に分析的基礎を与える異時点間の効用依存性の下での最適定常経路のあり方と,その安定性に関するRyder=Heal の議論を展望し,次いで,合理的中毒性のあり方を,1財の消費が2種類の消費資本をもたらす場合における最適消費経路の周期的行動の発生可能性,さらに,1財の消費資本ストックが現行消費を抑制する負のフィード・バック効用が併せ作用する場合における最適消費経路の周期的行動の発生可能性を安定的領域の特定化を通じて検討する。departmental bulletin pape

Acting consultation Public Health Nurse at Health center support community health services in city, town and village.

本研究は、保健所保健婦が市町村保健活動に対してコンサルテーション機能を果たすための能力や職場の体制整備について検討するため、市町村保健婦のコンサルテーションニーズとその実態を明らかにすることを目的とした。結果を以下に示す。1.市町村保健婦の約9割はコンサルテーション機能を保健所保健婦に「果たして欲しい」と考え、約8割は実際にコンサルテーションを求めたことがある。2.コンサルテーションプロセスの実施状況をみると、各プロセスにおいて共通する36項目のうち35項目において保健所保健婦が実施したという回答よりも、市町村保健婦の実施してもらったという回答の割合が低かった。3.コンサルテーションプロセスで実施度の低かった項目「問題の原因・要因の明確化」、 「問題解決時期の明確化」、 「問題状況の変化の観察」は、今後、意識的に実施していく必要がある。The purpose of this study is to clarify consultation needs of public health nurses at government offices of city, town and village, and realties of consultation and effects of consultation that public health nurses at health center acted. And we examined abilities and working system that public health nurses at health center. The results indicated the foliowings: 1. Nearly 90% of public health nurses at government offices of city, town and village think to want to carry out function of consultation to public health nurses at health center. And nearly 80% of public health nurses at government offices of city, town and village consulted public health nurses at health center. 2. About acting to the types of working tasks that are involved in each of these phases, public health nurses at government offices of city, town and village are lower than public health nurses at health center in the rate of the answers with almost all types of working tasks. 3. Few public health nurses at health center acted of these types of working tasks - "Identifying the cause of problem" and "Clarifying time of solving problems", "Observing the change of situation" For acting the effect of consultation, it is important to be conscious them in future.departmental bulletin pape

Clinical trials for Alzheimer disease and perspectives

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and may account for 60 - 70% of dementia cases. Senile plaques are a hallmark of AD, and their major constituent is amyloid β-protein (Aβ) 42. Aβ is produced via endoproteolysis by beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which cleaves β-amyloid precursor protein at the extracellular domain, followed by cleavages by presenilin/γ-secretase. Aβ accumulation in the brain is thought to occur decades before disease onset, and pathological changes such as synaptic dysfunction and tau accumulation gradually proceed. Most candidates for disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for AD have targeted either inhibition of Aβ generation with secretase inhibitors or removal of produced and aggregated Aβ with anti-Aβ antibodies. None of them has been approved for clinical practice. Moreover, application of BACE inhibitors and γ-secretase inhibitors in several clinical studies caused paradoxical cognitive impairment. However, early AD patients treated with aducanumab, a monoclonal anti-Aβ antibody, showed a significant reduction in cognitive decline and its clinical use is awaiting approval by the FDA in 2020. In this review, we present a brief summary of DMTs that target Aβ and perspectives for future AD therapy.Review Articleothe

Thermal Decomposition of Alkali Earth Metal Oxalates

13KJ00003571834論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape

Inhibition of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat model by the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan

鳥取大学博士(医学)thesi

日・米・韓 三国の枠組みから見たこれからの日朝関係－その課題と日本の政策－

東京財団 研究推進部research repor

The Significance and Evaluation of Jinjiro Matsuda's Rural Social Projects

論文(Article)departmental bulletin pape

A Study on the Discourses of Martial Arts as Teaching Material for Women : Focusing on the Description in the Books about Physical Education in the 1920's

Article群馬県立女子大学紀要　44,(1)-(8),2023departmental bulletin pape