Changes in family members who have undergone family work

departmental bulletin pape

Archibald Loughrey -- Heirs of

35-1Private Land ClaimsReport : Claim of of J. Thompson and E. McBrier. [965] Campaign of 1781 against the Mohawks and Senecas in Ohio under Gen. Clark.1858-8

John Charles Fremont. (To accompany Bill H.R. No. 474.).

33-1Indian Affairs.Report : Memorial of J. Fremont. [744] Treaty Com'r to the California Indians in 1850-1851.1854-9

DNA Renaturation at the Water-Phenol Interface

We study DNA adsorption and renaturation in a water-phenol two-phase system, with or without shaking. In very dilute solutions, single-stranded DNA is adsorbed at the interface in a salt-dependent manner. At high salt concentrations the adsorption is irreversible. The adsorption of the single-stranded DNA is specific to phenol and relies on stacking and hydrogen bonding. We establish the interfacial nature of a DNA renaturation at a high salt concentration. In the absence of shaking, this reaction involves an efficient surface diffusion of the single-stranded DNA chains. In the presence of a vigorous shaking, the bimolecular rate of the reaction exceeds the Smoluchowski limit for a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled reaction. DNA renaturation in these conditions is known as the Phenol Emulsion Reassociation Technique or PERT. Our results establish the interfacial nature of PERT. A comparison of this interfacial reaction with other approaches shows that PERT is the most efficient technique and reveals similarities between PERT and the renaturation performed by single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins. Our results lead to a better understanding of the partitioning of nucleic acids in two-phase systems, and should help design improved extraction procedures for damaged nucleic acids. We present arguments in favor of a role of phenol and water-phenol interface in prebiotic chemistry. The most efficient renaturation reactions (in the presence of condensing agents or with PERT) occur in heterogeneous systems. This reveals the limitations of homogeneous approaches to the biochemistry of nucleic acids. We propose a heterogeneous approach to overcome the limitations of the homogeneous viewpoint

millefolium

Achillea millefolium Linnaeuscommon yarrow;yarrow;milfoilachillée millefeuille;herbe à dindes;herbe à dindonsAchillea millefoliumWestcastle; Gravenstafel Brookdamp brook draw530

americana

Veronica americana (Rafinesque) Schweinitz ex BenthamAmerican speedwell;American brooklime;brooklime speedwellvéronique d'Amérique;véronique américaineca. 1 1/2 mi e of Gallatin Beach, ca. 1/2 mi s of Eagle Lake, ca. 12 mi nw of Susanville.in creek in meadow5000 feetHypericum formosum var. scouleriAbundantCorolla blu

deltoides

Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshalleastern cottonwood;plains cottonwood;common cottonwood;match poplar;necklace poplarpeuplier deltoïdebetween Red Deer River and Matzhiwin Creeklow sandy hills2350 feetP. tremuloides & deltoide

arvensis

Veronica arvensis Linnaeuscorn speedwell;wall speedwell;common speedwell;rock speedwellvéronique des champsWildcat Canyon; flat of junction Madrone tributary & W. creek.Short grass