建国初私立高校转为公立高校的必然性探析

建国初所有私立高校转为公立高校,看似偶然实属必然。本文从国外因素的影响、国内经济条件的促进、政治因素的加速和私立高校自身难以维系等几个方面,分析了这一事件发生与发展的必然

美国高等教育规模扩张中的“关系论”——布鲁贝克的《高等教育哲学》读书报告

任何事物的发展都离不开各种关系的处理,高等教育的发展更是如此。本文从政府与高校的关系、高校内学术权力与行政权力的关系、学生与大学自治和学术自由的关系以及高等教育研究中应该处理好的关系出发,对布鲁贝克的《高等教育哲学》进行了解读

The Study of Carrying Out Condition about Autonomous Management of Newly-Founded Local Institutions in Fujian Province

高校拥有一定的办学自主权，不仅是国际高等教育管理体制改革的趋势，是我国政府的职能转变和市场经济发展的要求，而且是高等教育发展规律和高校发展的要求。福建新建地方性本科院校，实行“省市共建，以市为主”的管理体制，由福建省级和（学校所在地区）市级学校主管部门共同建设与管理。由于“新建”、“地方性”和“向本科过渡”等特点，此类学校在办学自主权方面的矛盾和问题比较突出。正如布鲁贝克所说“教育实践中矛盾错综复杂之时，就是检验这些实践的理论基础之日”。本文从理论的角度、法律法规的角度、实践的角度对福建新建地方性本科院校办学自主权做了论述和总结。除序言之外，论文由四章内容构成：第二章，在对大学自治和学术自由简...Autonomous management of institutions of higher learning is not only a reforming trend in international higher education system, a requirement of changing of function to Chinese government and developing market economy, but also a requirement 0f development of Higher Education and institutions development. Newly-founded local institutions in Fujian province apply the management system of "manag...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：教育研究院_教育经济与管理学号：20041703

黄土高原森林植被理水机理及其水文效应研究

该项研究得出的各项结论，正是黄土高原，甚至“三北”地区生态经济型防护林体系建设需要迫切解决的重大问题，如水土保持森林的建造和经营技术术，区域性防护林建设效益的评价，林分与水的关系等，因此，该项成果在黄土高原和“三北”地区有广阔的推广应用前景。该项成果还定量研究了油松和山杨林林冠对年降水再分配及其与林分密度的关系，得出了林冠截留使林内降雨功能增大的结论。该研究结果还表明，尽管采伐地上层林木而不清除迹地草灌，不大可能引起严重水土流失，但清除林内枯技落叶层可引起水土流失，毁林开荒可引起严重水土流失。观测结果表明，覆盖度为90%以上的森林小流域，其水文特征值很小，且间伐强度为50%时，对水文特征值无明显影响，这些结论为合理开发利用森林植被提供了理论依据

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies