五氯化磷辅助下氨基酸的自组装成肽反应研究

L α 氨基酸和D α 氨基酸可与五氯化磷直接发生磷酰化反应 ,随后自组装成多肽 ,但 β 氨基酸不能成肽 ,DL α 氨基酸成肽困难 ;在SOCl2 存在下 ,α 氨基酸也不能成肽 .用电喷雾质谱研究了氨基酸的自组装反应 .反应过程中有五元环状的氨基酸五配位磷中间体生成 ,使用硅烷基保护的氨基酸 ,在 3 1PNMR中可观察到五配位磷中间体

传感信号在接入网中传输的技术分析

文章提出了光纤通信网与传感网融合的设想,即利用已有光纤接入网的通信信道,让传感网络发出的传感信号在光纤接入网中传输。首先分析了这种设想的可行性,然后提出了按固定帧复用的方式对传感信号和通信信号进行耦合,并根据已有光纤接入网的结构建立了该系统的网络基本结构,重点分析了传感信号与通信信号复用时的时隙及带宽分配问题

第四次工业革命背景下油气行业的发展路径

迄今为止，人类社会已经经历了三次工业革命，即18 世纪蒸汽机的应用、19 世纪电力的广泛使用以及20 世纪互联网和新能源体系革命的出现。而现在，第四次工业革命已经拉开序幕，除了智能互联的机器和系统以外，还包括从生物技术到纳米技术，从可再生能源到量子信息技术以及人工智能和机器人技术。还有各领域技术的突破和融合，以及他们横跨物理、数字和生物几大领域的互动。可再生能源技术作为核心之一，也将在这一次革命中加速发展，从而影响化石能源在能源结构中的占比。油气作为传统化石燃料中的重要组成部分，如果谋求更长远的可持续发展，就必须找准适合自己的发展路径。提高天然气在能源结构中的比重、加强数字化信息技术在油气的勘探开发中的应用、创新油气的勘探与开发技术、提高油气利用效率以及平衡好新能源与传统化石能源之间的替代关系，都是长久发展油气行业的重要路径。</p

第四次工业革命对我国能源的发展影响和启示

在当今社会，以人工智能、清洁能源、无人控制技术、量子信息技术、虚拟现实以及生物技术为主的第四次工业革命已经拉开序幕，在此次工业革命中，除了智能互联的机器和系统以外，还包括从生物技术到纳米技术，从可再生能源到量子信息技术，以及人工智能和机器人技术。还有各领域技术的突破和融合，以及他们横跨物理、数字和生物几大领域的互动。而纵观每一次工业革命，都与能源革命有密不可分的联系，能源革命带来下一次工业革命，而工业革命促进下一次能源革命。第四次工业革命将为能源行业的发展带来无限的机遇与挑战，中国想要踏上时代的浪潮，抓住机遇克服挑战，就必须找准适合自己的能源发展路径。提高天然气在能源结构中的比重、降低煤炭在能源结构中的所占比重、积极发展清洁能源及可再生能源、积极发展水电，使其成为我国绿色能源发展的支柱。</p

一种照明成像共光路显微成像系统

本发明提出了一种照明成像共光路显微成像系统，包括光源、显微物镜组件、照明聚光片以及分光片，显微物镜组件和分光片位于同一光轴上，光源和照明聚光镜、分光片位于同一光轴上，光源与显微物镜组件呈垂直设置。本发明的照明成像共光路显微成像系统，采用照明和成像共光路设计的方式，可以避免在物面附近设置辅助照明部件，从而使得显微镜可以工作与狭小空间

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel