The effect of single dose smoking on function and autoantibody levels against thyroid

Sigara içiminin tiroid fonksiyonları üzerine pek çok farklı etkisi vardır. Ancak insanlarda akut tek doz sigara içiminin serum tiroid hormon ve antikor seviyelerine etkisi olup olmadıgı hakkında literatür bilgisi yoktur. Bu çalısmada amaç ötiroid hasta grubunda tek sefer sigara içiminin serum serbest Triiodotironin (sT3), serbest Tiroksin (sT4), Tiriot stimülan hormon (TSH) düzeyi ile serum Anti-tiroglobulin antikor (anti Tg) ve Anti-tiroid peroksidaz antikor (antiTPO) düzeylerine etkisini belirlemekti. Çalısmaya ultrasonografik, biyokimyasal tetkikler ile sT3, sT4 veTSH degerleri normal sınırlarda olan; 24'ü kadın, 7'si erkek 31 hasta dahil edildi. Bu hastaların 21'inin kronik sigara kullanım öyküsü varken 10'i hiç sigara kullanmamıstı. Çalısma grubunda yer alan gönüllülerden sigara öncesi ve tek sefer sigara içimi sonrası sT3, sT4,TSH, antiTg ve antiTPOdüzeyleri için kan alındı. Sigara içen ve içmeyen gruplarda kendi grupları içinde baslangıç ve sigara sonrası tiroid hormon düzeyleri ve antikor ölçüm degerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıstır (p>0.5). Sigara içen hastaların içmeyen hastalara göre baslangıç ve sigara sonrası anti TPO degerlerinin yüksek oldugu görülmüstür. Tek doz sigara içimi öncesi antiTPO degerleri sigara içen ve içmeyen grup arasında anlamlı olarak farklıdır (p<0.04).Tek doz sigara içimi sonrası da anti TPO degerleri farklıdır (p<0.01). Ancak anti Tg degerlerinde istatistiksel olarak farklılık bulunmamıstır (p>0.5). Tiroid fonksiyonları üzerine sigara içiminin etkileri hakkındaki görüsler tartısmalıdır. Elde ettigimiz bulgular neticesinde; (i) ötiroid sigara içen hasta grubunda anti TPO degerleri sigara içmeyenlere göre, hem sigara öncesi hem de sonrası yüksek bulunmustur. Anti TPO, anti Tg'e göre otoimmun tiroid hastalıgının hassas bir göstergesidir ve yüksek olması tiroid bezinde henüz yıkımsürecinin baslamadıgına isaret etmektedir. (ii) Tek sefer sigara içiminin tiroid hormon düzeylerine, antiTg ve antiTPOölçüm degerlerine etkisi saptanmamıstır.Cigarette smoking has multiple different effects on thyroid function. However, there is no literature data whether acute one dose cigarette smoking effect on the thyroid hormone and antibody levels. The aim of this study was to see whether one dose smoking affect serum free triiodothyronine (fT ), free thyroxine (fT ), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid autoantibody levels in euthyroid patient population. We studied 31 euthyroid patients, 24 women and 7 men. Of these patients, 21 were ex-smokers, and 10 were non-smokers. Serum fT , fT ,TSH and thyroid autoantibody levels were examined pre- and post-one dose cigarette smoking in each patient. Between ex-smokers and non-smokers groups, thyroid hormone and autoantibodies levels were not affected by one dose smoking (p>0.5). In ex-smokers, antithyroid peroxidase antibody were higher than the nonsmokers, and there was a significant difference between ex-and non-smokers in pre- or post-smoking (p<0.04). In ex-smokers, antithyroid peroxidase antibody was significantly different after single dose smoking (p<0.01). In ex-and non-smokers, there was no significant difference at antithyroglobulin antibody levels between pre-and post-smoking (p>0.5). The association between smoking and thyroid abnormalities is controversial.According to our findings: (i) significant higher antithyroid peroxidase antibody with normal levels of antithyroglobulin antibody in ex-smokers suggests that smoking habit increase tendency of autoimmune thyroid disease. Therefore this elevation points out the absence of destruction in thyroid tissue and (ii) one dose cigarette smoking does not affect thyroid hormone and autoantibody levels

The Effect of Early Rehabilitation on COVID-19: A Prospective, Observational Study

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on the course of the disease, respiratory functions, physical activity, fatigue, and discharge time in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.Method:A total of 31 patients (20 females, 11 males) with COVID-19 confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction who were admitted to the ICU were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. Physical activity, dyspnea, and fatigue of all patients were evaluated before and after PR program. All patients were evaluated on the day of PR in the ICU, the day of discharge from ICU to the ward, and on the day of discharge from hospital. Functional status was evaluated using the functional disability questionnaire (FDQ), the ambulation status using the functional ambulation classification (FAC), dyspnea using the modified Borg scale (MBS), and fatigue using the fatigue severity scale.Results:The mean length of ICU and hospital stay was 17.93±11.54 days and 18.29±8.41 days, respectively. The mean number of sessions was 8.87±7.66. The mean time from hospitalization to recovery was 13.00±9.62 days. Median FDQ and MBS scores were significantly higher during the ICU stay than the ward stay and at the time of discharge (p<0.05). Median FAC scores were significantly higher at the time of discharge than the ward and ICU scores (p<0.05). There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the FDQ scores during the ward stay and C-reactive protein (CRP) values during the ICU stay (r=0.382, p=0.034) and CRP values during the ward stay (r=0.379, p=0.035). There was a negative and statistically significant correlation between the FDQ scores at the time of discharge and ferritin levels during the ICU stay (r=-0.421, p=0.018). A positive and statistically significant correlation was observed between MBS scores at the time of discharge and CRP values during the ward stay (p=0.418, p=0.019).Conclusion:Our study suggests that PR is an effective and safe approach with improved physical and functional results and COVID-19 survivors should undergo a PR program in an individualized manner using a multidisciplinary approach to improve short- and long-term outcomes

An overview of burst, buckling, durability and corrosion analysis of lightweight FRP composite pipes and their applicability

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The main aim of this review article was to address the performance of filament wound fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite pipes and their critical properties, such as burst, buckling, durability and corrosion. The importance of process parameters concerning merits and demerits of the manufacturing methods was discussed for the better-quality performance. Burst analysis revealed that the winding angle of ±55° was observed to be optimum with minimum failure mechanisms, such as matrix cracking, whitening, leakage and fracture. The reduction of buckling effect was reported in case of lower hoop stress value in the hoop to axial stress ratio against axial, compression and torsion. A significant improvement in energy absorption was observed in the hybrid composite pipes with the effect of thermal treatment. However, the varying winding angle in FRP pipe fabrication was reported as an influencing factor affecting all the aforementioned properties. Almost 90% of the reviewed studies was done using E-glass/epoxy materials for the composite pipe production. By overcoming associated limitations, such as replacing synthetic materials, designing new material combinations and cost-benefit analysis, the production cost of the lightweight FRP composite pipes can be decreased for the real-time applications.Peer reviewe

Fazla kısıtlı mekanizmaların kinematik ve kuvvet analizleri.

This thesis comprises a study on the kinematic and force analyses of the overconstrained mechanisms. The scope of the overconstrained mechanisms is too wide and difficult to handle. Therefore, the study is restricted to the planar overconstrained mechanisms. Although the study involves only the planar overconstrained mechanisms, the investigated methods and approaches could be extended to the spatial overconstrained mechanisms as well. In this thesis, kinematic analysis is performed in order to investigate how an overconstrained mechanism can be constructed. Four methods are used. These are the analytical method, the method of cognates, the method of combining identical modules and the method of extending an overconstrained mechanism with extra links. This thesis also involves the force analysis of the overconstrained mechanisms. A method is introduced in order to eliminate the force indeterminacy encountered in the overconstrained mechanisms. The results are design based and directly associated with the assembly phase of the mechanism.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Ateş böceği algoritması destekli aşırı öğrenme makinesi ile göğüs kanseri veri kümelerinin sınıflandırılması

The Breast cancer is the second cancer type which causes death of women. The premature detection of cancer and the suitable treatment applied to cancer cells can reduce the deadly risk. The medical doctors can make faults in diagnosis of the cancer disease. The performance of artificial intelligence methods (AIMs) containing increased thanks to rapid improvements in the technologies of the computer hardware. AIMs can be used regarding the enhancement of diagnostic accuracy. Standard Gradient–Based back propagation artificial neural networks (BP–ANN) has been commonly utilized in the diagnosis of the breast cancer disease. Even though BP–ANN are good performance in the diagnosis of cancer disease, it has some limitations such as possible to be trapped in local minima and long time in the training process. In this study, the extreme learning machine assisted by heuristic firefly algorithm (FF–ELM) is proposed for diagnoses of breast cancer disease on the Breast Cancer Wisconsin Dataset. The diagnostic performance of proposed FF–ELM was compared with the standard ELM and BP–ANN methods. The results show that FF–ELM provides a meaningful enhancement regarding the classification performance and it can be used as a powerful technique for the medical problems.Göğüs kanseri hastalığı, kadınların ölümüne neden olan ikinci kanser türüdür. Kanser hastalığının erken teşhisi ve kanser hücrelerine uygulanan uygun ve doğru tedavi hastalığın ölümcül riskini azaltabilir. Tıp doktorları, kanser hastalığının teşhisinde zaman, zaman hata yapabilmektedirler. Yapay zeka tekniklerinin (YZT) performansı, bilgisayar donanım teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmeler sayesinde artmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak, kanser hastalığının tanı doğruluğunun arttırılması ile ilgili olarak YZT’ler kullanılabilir. Standart Eğime Dayalı Geri Yayılım Yapay Sinir Ağları (GY–YZT), göğüs kanseri hastalığının tanısında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. GY–YZT, kanser hastalığının teşhisinde iyi bir performans sergilese de, yerel minimum ve eğitim sürecinde uzun süre takılma gibi bazı sınırlamaları vardır. Bu çalışmada, Göğüs Kanseri Wisconsin veri kümesinde göğüs kanseri hastalığının teşhisi için, sezgisel ateş böceği algoritması tarafından desteklenen aşırı öğrenme makinesi (AB–AÖM) önerilmiştir. Önerilen AB–AÖM’nin hastalık tanı üzerindeki performansı standart AÖM ve GY–ANN yöntemleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Sonuçlar, AB–AÖM’nin sınıflandırma performansıyla ilgili anlamlı bir gelişme sağladığını ve tıbbi problemler için güçlü bir teknik olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir

A triple-objective optimization scheme using butterfly-integrated ABC algorithm for design of multilayer RAM

WOS:000546927200057A triple-objective scheme with a novel enhanced artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is presented for fully optimized design of multilayer radar-absorbing material (MRAM). The exploitation ability of ABC is further enhanced by integrating with butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), denoted as butterfly-integrated ABC (BiABC). The performance of BiABC is well verified through three multiobjective benchmark functions. A triple-objective electromagnetic (EM) model is constituted, which involves the total reflection (TR), total thickness (TT), and number of layers (NL). Pareto optimality is employed to explore the global optimal designs within the three-dimensional objective space by simultaneously determining the design variables for synchronously minimizing the three objectives by assuring tradeoff among the objectives. The model is verified via a full-wave EM simulator. Five fully optimized broadband and broad-angle MRAMs (BBMs) operating at different frequency bands for 0 degrees - 75 degrees are then designed using an artificial material database, and thus, the proposed scheme is corroborated by comparing them with the state-of-the-art designs. Furthermore, a fully optimized BBM designed using a composite-based real material database is validated through a successful comparison. Therefore, the TT is reduced as 65% and the NL is decreased while the bandwidth is widened thanks to the proposed robust and versatile triple-objective scheme with BiABC

Bandwidth enhancement of rectangular microstrip antenna with a rectangular slot by using a novel hybrid optimization method based on the ABC and DE algorithms

WOS:000442849000028In this study, the bandwidth of the rectangular microstrip antenna is improved by using a new integrated technique consisting of a novel hybrid optimization algorithm (HOA) and HyperLynx (R) 3D electromagnetic platform based on the method of moments (MoM). The novel HOA is developed by integrating the powerful mutation and crossover strategies of the differential evolution algorithm with onlooker bee stage of the artificial bee colony algorithm. The main objective of the design is to enhance bandwidth of the rectangular microstrip antenna by the etching rectangular slot on the antenna ground plane. The optimal position and sizes of the slot are determined by using the integrated optimization technique. The simulation and measurement results indicated a high improvement in the bandwidth of the rectangular microstrip antenna over 45% by using the proposed slot etching method on the ground plane. Additionally, in order to evaluate performance of the HOA, eight benchmark functions having multi or unimodal characteristics were used. The experimental results show that the performance of the HOA was better than both artificial bee colony and differential evolution algorithms

Surrogate-based computational analysis and design for H-shaped microstrip antenna

A conceptual Kriging surrogate model (KSM) for the computational analysis and design of H-shaped microstrip antennas (HMAs) is proposed in this study. A dataset contains 216 simulated HMAs with different physical/electrical parameters of the HMAs and the respective resonant frequency (RF) values are employed in construction and test processes of the KSM. The performance of the KSM is tested and verified through 20 and 13 HMAs by an extensive comparison with the state-of-the-art models. The results illustrate that KSM computes the most accurate RF values of 20 and 13 HMAs with absolute percent error (APE) of 0.48% and 0.76%, respectively. Moreover, a miniaturized HMA is optimally designed through the KSM as 27% smaller than the smallest design in the dataset for operating at about 2.40 GHz. Therefore, the performance of the proposed method is validated by means of the fabrication of the miniaturized HMA

Adaptive flower pollination algorithm based on spatial dispersal

4th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies, ISMSIT 2020 -- 22 October 2020 through 24 October 2020 -- -- 165025An adaptive flower pollination algorithm (AFPA) is evolved with respect to the accuracy and stability performance. AFPA is developed by modifying both global and local search operators. The exploration and exploitation abilities of the algorithm are thus improved by integrating a spatial dispersal mechanism adapting with the number of iterations to the global search and the best solution to the local search. Its performance is well corroborated through several benchmark functions with respect to various measuring parameters. AFPA is exhibited the distinguished accuracy and stability performance better than FPA for most benchmark functions. The obtained results show that AFPA has the better global and local search abilities over FPA. © 2020 IEEE

Dual-objective design of multilayer radar absorbing composite material using butterfly optimization algorithm

WOS:000646632500017A Multilayer Radar Absorbing Material (MRAM) based on composite is designed using a dual-objective optimization method butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA). The two objective functions regard Total Reflection (TR) involving sub-reflection at the inner layers and Total Thickness (TT). In order to make the MRA material more applicable for real applications; first, Mean Oblique Incidence (MOI) of TR in the range of 0-60 degree with polarizations TE/TM and then the average of MOI-TR in the range of 2-18 GHz is taken for achieving MOI-TRavg. The design variables, i.e. the thickness and material specimens for each layer from a material database including 21 composite specimens is optimally determined for synchronously minimizing the two objectives. Thus, a Global optimum MRAM (GMRAM) is picked out within the distributed candidate optimal solution set through Pareto optimality. Therefore, a five-layer GMRAM effectively absorbing at 7-18 GHz is successfully determined with the objectives of -10.85 dB MOI-TRavg and 4.2493 mm TT by considering the trade-off between the two objectives. The GMRAM is compared with a respective design in the literature to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed optimization method. The TT is reduced as 66% by keeping the TR performance almost the same thanks to the effective and versatile dual-objective optimization with BOA