27,205 research outputs found
Symbol Emergence in Robotics: A Survey
Humans can learn the use of language through physical interaction with their
environment and semiotic communication with other people. It is very important
to obtain a computational understanding of how humans can form a symbol system
and obtain semiotic skills through their autonomous mental development.
Recently, many studies have been conducted on the construction of robotic
systems and machine-learning methods that can learn the use of language through
embodied multimodal interaction with their environment and other systems.
Understanding human social interactions and developing a robot that can
smoothly communicate with human users in the long term, requires an
understanding of the dynamics of symbol systems and is crucially important. The
embodied cognition and social interaction of participants gradually change a
symbol system in a constructive manner. In this paper, we introduce a field of
research called symbol emergence in robotics (SER). SER is a constructive
approach towards an emergent symbol system. The emergent symbol system is
socially self-organized through both semiotic communications and physical
interactions with autonomous cognitive developmental agents, i.e., humans and
developmental robots. Specifically, we describe some state-of-art research
topics concerning SER, e.g., multimodal categorization, word discovery, and a
double articulation analysis, that enable a robot to obtain words and their
embodied meanings from raw sensory--motor information, including visual
information, haptic information, auditory information, and acoustic speech
signals, in a totally unsupervised manner. Finally, we suggest future
directions of research in SER.Comment: submitted to Advanced Robotic
Information decomposition of symbolic sequences
We developed a non-parametric method of Information Decomposition (ID) of a
content of any symbolical sequence. The method is based on the calculation of
Shannon mutual information between analyzed and artificial symbolical
sequences, and allows the revealing of latent periodicity in any symbolical
sequence. We show the stability of the ID method in the case of a large number
of random letter changes in an analyzed symbolic sequence. We demonstrate the
possibilities of the method, analyzing both poems, and DNA and protein
sequences. In DNA and protein sequences we show the existence of many DNA and
amino acid sequences with different types and lengths of latent periodicity.
The possible origin of latent periodicity for different symbolical sequences is
discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure
The Mechanics of Embodiment: A Dialogue on Embodiment and Computational Modeling
Embodied theories are increasingly challenging traditional views of cognition by arguing that conceptual representations that constitute our knowledge are grounded in sensory and motor experiences, and processed at this sensorimotor level, rather than being represented and processed abstractly in an amodal conceptual system. Given the established empirical foundation, and the relatively underspecified theories to date, many researchers are extremely interested in embodied cognition but are clamouring for more mechanistic implementations. What is needed at this stage is a push toward explicit computational models that implement sensory-motor grounding as intrinsic to cognitive processes. In this article, six authors from varying backgrounds and approaches address issues concerning the construction of embodied computational models, and illustrate what they view as the critical current and next steps toward mechanistic theories of embodiment. The first part has the form of a dialogue between two fictional characters: Ernest, the �experimenter�, and Mary, the �computational modeller�. The dialogue consists of an interactive sequence of questions, requests for clarification, challenges, and (tentative) answers, and touches the most important aspects of grounded theories that should inform computational modeling and, conversely, the impact that computational modeling could have on embodied theories. The second part of the article discusses the most important open challenges for embodied computational modelling
Mapping Big Data into Knowledge Space with Cognitive Cyber-Infrastructure
Big data research has attracted great attention in science, technology,
industry and society. It is developing with the evolving scientific paradigm,
the fourth industrial revolution, and the transformational innovation of
technologies. However, its nature and fundamental challenge have not been
recognized, and its own methodology has not been formed. This paper explores
and answers the following questions: What is big data? What are the basic
methods for representing, managing and analyzing big data? What is the
relationship between big data and knowledge? Can we find a mapping from big
data into knowledge space? What kind of infrastructure is required to support
not only big data management and analysis but also knowledge discovery, sharing
and management? What is the relationship between big data and science paradigm?
What is the nature and fundamental challenge of big data computing? A
multi-dimensional perspective is presented toward a methodology of big data
computing.Comment: 59 page
Quantifying knowledge exchange in R&D networks: A data-driven model
We propose a model that reflects two important processes in R&D activities of
firms, the formation of R&D alliances and the exchange of knowledge as a result
of these collaborations. In a data-driven approach, we analyze two large-scale
data sets extracting unique information about 7500 R&D alliances and 5200
patent portfolios of firms. This data is used to calibrate the model parameters
for network formation and knowledge exchange. We obtain probabilities for
incumbent and newcomer firms to link to other incumbents or newcomers which are
able to reproduce the topology of the empirical R&D network. The position of
firms in a knowledge space is obtained from their patents using two different
classification schemes, IPC in 8 dimensions and ISI-OST-INPI in 35 dimensions.
Our dynamics of knowledge exchange assumes that collaborating firms approach
each other in knowledge space at a rate for an alliance duration .
Both parameters are obtained in two different ways, by comparing knowledge
distances from simulations and empirics and by analyzing the collaboration
efficiency . This is a new measure, that takes also in
account the effort of firms to maintain concurrent alliances, and is evaluated
via extensive computer simulations. We find that R&D alliances have a duration
of around two years and that the subsequent knowledge exchange occurs at a very
low rate. Hence, a firm's position in the knowledge space is rather a
determinant than a consequence of its R&D alliances. From our data-driven
approach we also find model configurations that can be both realistic and
optimized with respect to the collaboration efficiency .
Effective policies, as suggested by our model, would incentivize shorter R&D
alliances and higher knowledge exchange rates.Comment: 35 pages, 10 figure
The efficiency of individual optimization in the conditions of competitive growth
The paper aims to discuss statistical properties of the multi-agent based
model of competitive growth. Each of the agents is described by growth (or
decay) rule of its virtual "mass" with the rate affected by the interaction
with other agents. The interaction depends on the strategy vector and mutual
distance between agents and both are subjected to the agent's individual
optimization process. Steady-state simulations yield phase diagrams with the
high and low competition phases (HCP and LCP, respectively) separated by
critical point. Particular focus has been made on the indicators of the
power-law behavior of the mass distributions with respect to the critical
regime. In this regime the study has revealed remarkable anomaly in the
optimization efficiency
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