Solitonic State in Microscopic Dynamic Failures

Onset of permanent deformation in crystalline materials under a sharp indenter tip is accompanied by nucleation and propagation of defects. By measuring the spatio-temporal strain field nearthe indenter tip during indentation tests, we demonstrate that the dynamic strain history at the moment of a displacement burst carries characteristics of formation and interaction of local excitations, or solitons. We show that dynamic propagation of multiple solitons is followed by a short time interval where the propagating fronts can accelerate suddenly. As a result of such abrupt local accelerations, duration of the fast-slip phase of a failure event is shortened. Our results show that formation and annihilation of solitons mediate the microscopic fast weakening phase, during which extreme acceleration and collision of solitons lead to non-Newtonian behavior and Lorentz contraction, i.e., shortening of solitons characteristic length. The results open new horizons for understanding dynamic material response during failure and, more generally, complexity of earthquake sources

Graph Theoretical Analysis of the Dynamic Lines of Collaboration Model for Disruption Response

The Dynamic Lines of Collaboration (DLOC) model was developed to address the Network-to-Network (N2N) service challenge found in e-Work networks with pervasive connectivity. A variant of the N2N service challenge found in emerging Cyber-Physical Infrastructures (CPI) networks is the collaborative disruption response (CDR) operation under cascading failures. The DLOC model has been validated as an appropriate modelling tool to aid the design of disruption responders in CPIs by eliciting the dynamic relation among the service team when handling service requests from clients in the CPI network

Neighbor Isolated Tenacity of Graphs

The tenacity of a graph is a measure of the vulnerability of a graph. In this paper we investigate a refinement that involves the neighbor isolated version of this parameter. The neighbor isolated tenacity of a noncomplete connected graph G is defined to be NIT(G) = min {|X|+ c(G/X) / i(G/X), i(G/X) ≥ 1} where the minimum is taken over all X, the cut strategy of G , i(G/X)is the number of components which are isolated vertices of G/X and c(G/X) is the maximum order of the components of G/X. Next, the relations between neighbor isolated tenacity and other parameters are determined and the neighbor isolated tenacity of some special graphs are obtained. Moreover, some results about the neighbor isolated tenacity of graphs obtained by graph operations are given

Statistical Mechanics and Information-Theoretic Perspectives on Complexity in the Earth System

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Global Constructive Optimization of Vascular Systems

We present a framework for the construction of vascular systems based on optimality principles of theoretical physiology. Given the position and flow distribution of end points of a vascular system, we construct the topology and positions of internal nodes to complete the vascular system in a realistic manner. Optimization is driven by intravascular volume minimization with constraints derived from physiological principles. Direct optimization of a vascular system, including topological changes, is used instead of simulating vessel growth. A good initial topology is found by extracting key information from a previously optimized model with less detail. This technique is used iteratively in a multi-level approach to create a globally optimized vascular system. Most of this work was completed at Fraunhofer MeVis during the summer of 2004