Cone beam CT of the musculoskeletal system : clinical applications

Objectives: The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate the use of CBCT in a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders and to compare its diagnostic merit with other imaging modalities, such as conventional radiography (CR), Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Background: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has been widely used for dental imaging for over two decades. Discussion: Current CBCT equipment allows use for imaging of various musculoskeletal applications. Because of its low cost and relatively low irradiation, CBCT may have an emergent role in making a more precise diagnosis, assessment of local extent and follow-up of fractures and dislocations of small bones and joints. Due to its exquisite high spatial resolution, CBCT in combination with arthrography may be the preferred technique for detection and local staging of cartilage lesions in small joints. Evaluation of degenerative joint disorders may be facilitated by CBCT compared to CR, particularly in those anatomical areas in which there is much superposition of adjacent bony structures. The use of CBCT in evaluation of osteomyelitis is restricted to detection of sequestrum formation in chronic osteomyelitis. Miscellaneous applications include assessment of (symptomatic) variants, detection and characterization of tumour and tumour-like conditions of bone. Teaching Points: Review the spectrum of MSK disorders in which CBCT may be complementary to other imaging techniques. Compare the advantages and drawbacks of CBCT compared to other imaging techniques. Define the present and future role of CBCT in musculoskeletal imaging

Hubungan Antara Risiko Pekerjaan Manual Handling, Usia, dan Masa Kerja Dengan Risiko Gangguan Sistem Muskuloskeletal Pada Pekerja Bagian Perakitan Penulangan Besi Beton Di PT Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. Boyolali

Musculoskeletal system problem is skeletal muscles disturbance affecting a person ranging from very mild to severe complaints. This condition can also be exacerbated by posture of working such as unnatural body posture, workload, as well as individual factors (age and years of service). Workers of concrete steel assembly perform activity of lift-transport handling manually. Purpose of the study is to know correlation between risk of manual handling work, age, and tenure and risk of musculoskeletal system disturbances. It is an analytical-observational research with cross sectional approach. Sample of the research is 32 workers of lift-haul manual handling taken by using total sampling technique. Data analysis of the research uses Spearman-Rho with a significant level (α = 0.05). Results of Spearman-Rho showed a significant correlation between risk of manual handling jobs and risk of musculoskeletal system disturbances (p = 0.031) (r = 0.382) with a weak correlation and indicated a direction of positive correlation meaning that the higher the risk of manual work handling, the greater the risk of musculoskeletal system disorders. A significant correlation between age and risk of musculoskeletal system disorders (p = 0.018) (r = 0.413) with fairly strong and positive direction correlation meaning that the older age, the higher the risk of musculoskeletal system disturbance. While no correlation was found between tenure and the risk of musculoskeletal system disorder (p-value = 172)

Parasites and musculoskeletal system

Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Nephrology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, The 8th International Medical Congress for Students and Young Doctors, September 24-26, 2020Introduction. Musculoskeletal impairment in parasitic infections are rare diseases more found in tropical countries. With the migration and seasonal travel of the population, many diseases considered exotic are becoming frequent in our country. In Republic of Moldova, musculoskeletal disorders have been observed in infections caused by Toxocara canis, Giardia lamblia and Echinococcus granulosus. Although a large number of clinical cases of locomotor system involvement in parasitic infections are described in the literature, systematic researches are lacking in this field. Aim of the study. To analyse particularities of musculoskeletal impairment in parasitic infections. Materials and methods. We included in our study 40 patients with musculoskeletal disorders who were diagnosed positively with different parasites (toxocara canis (18 subjects), toxocara cati (4), echinococcus granulosus (10), giardia intestinalis (4), ascaris lumbricoides (2) and 2 patients ascaris lumbricoides (asocieted with toxocara canis). The study included 19 men (47.5%) and 21 women (52.5%). The age of the patients varies from 18 to 63, the average age being 39 years. Patients were investigated clinically and paraclinically for the exclusion of other causes of musculoskeletal impairment and for the evaluation of pathological changes. Results. In the group of analyzed subjects 27 patients (67,5%) presented diffuse myalgia; 26 patients (65%)-localized muscle pain; 36 patients (90%)–joint pain of which 19.4%- monoarthritis, 55.6%-oligoarthritis, 25%-polyarthritis; 14 patients (35%) had swollen joints; 8 patients (20%)-reduction of joint mobility; 20 patients (50%) experienced bone pain and 95% (38 patients) had marked fatigue. From the monitored laboratory tests we mention: Level of total immunoglobulin E was greater than 240 ng/ml in 29 (72,5%) of subjects; total protein C was greater than 5 mg/l in 32 (80%); ESR was increased in 24 (60%) patients; eosinophils with values greater than 5% were in 38 (90%) subjects. Conclusions. The pathology of the locomotor system is found in parasitosis having as substrate inflammatory, immune and allergic changes with various sites of musculoskeletal pathology. In cases of musculoskeletal impairment of non-elucidated etiology, parasitic investigation should be considered for prompt decision of therapeutic management

Musculoskeletal discipline science plan

Life sciences research in the musculoskeletal discipline must identify possible consequences of weightlessness on this system, understand the mechanisms of these effects, and develop effective and operationally practical countermeasures to protect crewmembers. The musculoskeletal system is highly plastic in that is possesses the inherent capability to adapt its structural and functional properties in accordance with the type and degree of stimuli imposed on it. Prolonged space travel is essentially a period of significant unloading of the musculoskeletal system. This results in adaptive responses in the structure and function of this system, placing it on the low end of a continuum from one of complete disuse to one of maximal use. There is a high probability that the musculoskeletal system is functionally impaired with increasing duration of weightlessness. The purpose of this Discipline Science Plan is to provide a conceptual strategy for NASA's Life Sciences division research and development activities in the area of musculoskeletal function. This document summarizes the current status of the program, outlines available knowledge, establishes goals and objectives, identifies science priorities, and defines research opportunities, which encompass critical questions in the subdiscipline areas (e.g., muscle, bone, and other musculoskeletal connective tissues). These science activities include ground-based and flight; basic, applied, and operational; and animal and human research and development. This document contains a general plan that will be used by both NASA Headquarters Program Offices and the field centers to review and plan basic, applied, and operational intramural and extramural research and development activities in this area

Ageing in the musculoskeletal system

The extent of ageing in the musculoskeletal system during the life course affects the quality and length of life. Loss of bone, degraded articular cartilage, and degenerate, narrowed intervertebral discs are primary features of an ageing skeleton, and together they contribute to pain and loss of mobility. This review covers the cellular constituents that make up some key components of the musculoskeletal system and summarizes discussion from the 2015 Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedic Symposium (AROS) (Regeneration in the Ageing Population) about how each particular cell type alters within the ageing skeletal microenvironment

Direct solution of the inverse optimization problem of load sharing between muscles

In the context the statically indeterminate muscular load sharing problem considered in biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, a method is suggested of constructing an additively separable and homogenous cost function based on a solution to a linearly constrained optimization problem involving this cost function. The construction makes use of the Koenigs solution of Schroeder's functional equation.Comment: 1 page, no figures, slightly longer version of contribution to 5th World Congress of Biomechanics, Munich, Germany, 200

Designing optimal controls by parameter optimization for a stance-control knee-ankle-foot orthosis

Inverse dynamics simulation is often used in robotic and mechatronic systems to track a desired trajectory by feed-forward control. Musculoskeletal multibody systems are highly overactuated and show a switching number of closed kinematical loops. The method of inverse dynamics is also successfully applied to overactuated systems by parameter optimization for two- and three-dimensional models of the human musculoskeletal system. The presented simulation approach is fully based on optimizationPostprint (published version

Skeletal Dysplasias Associated with Mild Myopathy—A Clinical and Molecular Review

Musculoskeletal system is a complex assembly of tissues which acts as scaffold for the body and enables locomotion. It is often overlooked that different components of this system may biomechanically interact and affect each other. Skeletal dysplasias are diseases predominantly affecting the development of the osseous skeleton. However, in some cases skeletal dysplasia patients are referred to neuromuscular clinics prior to the correct skeletal diagnosis. The muscular complications seen in these cases are usually mild and may stem directly from the muscle defect and/or from the altered interactions between the individual components of the musculoskeletal system. A correct early diagnosis may enable better management of the patients and a better quality of life. This paper attempts to summarise the different components of the musculoskeletal system which are affected in skeletal dysplasias and lists several interesting examples of such diseases in order to enable better understanding of the complexity of human musculoskeletal system