LOCAL WISDOM IN JAVANESE PROVERBS (A COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC APPROACH)

Proverbs are expressions representing views and values in creating harmonious and successful life. This paper is to investigate the local wisdom in Javanese proverbs. Nonparticipant observation method with note-taking technique is used to collect the data. To analyze the data, I used distributional, identity, and inferencial methods. From the analysis, I found that there are some values among other things related with the Javanese views on social and cultural diversity, self control and management in individual, social, and spiritual life. There are four levels of meaning the proverbs convey, i.e literal, cognitive, literary, and cultural, since they represent concepts for conceptualizing. The concepts are related with nature, body organ, building, motion, space, visual experience, habit, cosmology, number, family relationship, country, God, container, shape. This implies that language in this case Javanese proverbs can preserve human’s experiences and habits that may lose in another decade due to social dynamicity and natural changes. The loss may happen along with the loss of the language. Therefore, there must be some efforts to preserve the language upholding them

EMBODIED EXPERIENCES IN METAPHORS IN BAHASA INDONESIA

Metafora merupakan sistem konsep yang memiliki dua aspek, yaitu: ranah target dan sumber. Ranah sumber yang cenderung menunjukkan kategori konkrit digunakan untuk menjelaskan ranah target yang cenderung abstrak. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan faktor yang memotivasi konsep dalam ranah sumber yang memperjelas konsep ranah target. Data yang berupa ungkapan metaforis diambil dengan menggunakan purposive sampling techniques, dari wacana surat pembaca koran harian berbahasa Indonesia yang dipilih secara acak. Metode referencial, distributional, abductive inferencial, dan reflective introspective digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metafora merefleksikan pengalaman yang dirasakan oleh tubuh dan panca indera yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi pengalaman visual, fisik, indera pengecapan (lidah), dan indera penciuman. Ini mengimplikasikan bahwa bahasa digunakan untuk menunjukkan pengalaman yang terekam dalam manah yang diperoleh dari kehidupan sehari-hari ketika melakukan interaksi dan komunikasi dengan orang lain

MIXED JAVANESE IN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS’ UTTERANCES AS A SYMPTOM OF LANGUAGE SHIFT (POLITENESS AND EMBODIMENT PERSPECTIVES)

Javanese as the biggest local language in Indonesia may lead to shift to mixed Indonesian and Javanese alternative speech level . This paper aims at finding out how Javanese is getting to shift to Indonesian and an alternative speech level. To investigate this phenomenon, I used DCT (Discourse Completion Task) and recording techniques to collect the data i.e the utterances produced by the English Department Students of Diponegoro University batch 2013/2014, whose mother tounge is Javanese. I used referential and distributional methods to analyze the data. The results indicate that the English Department Students’ utterances can be identified as congruent Javanese speech level, Indonesian, Indonesian mixed with Javanese items, Javanese mixed with Indonesian items, incongruent Javanese speech levels, and alternative Javanese speech levels. These result from some factors that can be studied from politeness and embodiement perspectives

ATTITUDES TOWARDS JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND ITS MAINTENANCE BY THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY

English Department Students of Undip whose parents are Javanese have been exposed to at least three languages namely Javanese, Indonesian, and English. Some of them are learning other foreign languages such as Korean, Japanese, and French. As a local language, Javanese has a certain position in its users. The position can be influenced by its users’ attitudes towards the language. I will show the students’ attitudes towards Javanese and their roles in maintaining Javanese language. I used questionnaires, DCT (Discourse Completion Tasks), non-participant observation, and interview to present the data. To analyze them, I used inferential, distributional, and translational methods. The result indicates that the English Department Students of Undip have positive attitudes towards Javanese and its maintenance. However, there is a tendency that the Javanese language used is shifting. The shift is characterized by various code system namely Indonesian, Basa, Ngoko, sometimes Krama, and even English

METAPHORS AS A DYNAMIC ARTEFACT OF SOCIAL VALUES EXPRESSED IN LETTERS TO EDITORS

Metaphor discussed in this paper is an expression formulated from metaphoric expressions used by the writer of letters to editors of Suara Merdeka daily newspaper. This paper aims at elaborating how metaphoric expressions used in letters to editors of Suara Merdeka Daily Newspaper become a dynamic artefact of social values. To achieve the goal, this research uses nonparticipant observation for collecting data and purposive sampling techniques for selecting and choosing samples. The samples are the metaphoric expressions found in the letters to editors of Suara Merdeka Daily Newspaper written in the period of general elections of House of Representative Members (Pileg) in 2009. To analyze the data, this research uses referential method and abductive inferencial technique. Referential method is used to show and interpret the concepts represented by the metaphoric expressions, while the abductive inferencial technique is used to show the social values formulated in the concepts of the metaphors. The result shows that the social values inferenced from the metaphoric expressions that became the artefacts are related with what people do or behave, perceive, and experience in the connection with the general elections conducted, House of Representative candidate‘s personality and behavior, the role of the political parties, the fund to run the elections, campaign, people aspiration and voice, vote gathering, the fixed list of the voter, general elections committee. The dynamicity of the artefact is shown horizontally and vertically. The horizontal dynamicity is shown by the arrangement of different words representing experience, thought, and feeling in connection with what people experience in general election in 2009, while the vertical dynamicity is shown by the choice of the different words in the same category representing their experience related to the election. The experience changes through time leading to the dynamicity of the expressions used

Convex and Concave Soft Sets and Some Properties

In this study, after given the definition of soft sets and their basic operations we define convex soft sets which is an important concept for operation research, optimization and related problems. Then, we define concave soft sets and give some properties for the concave sets. For these, we will use definition and properties of convex-concave fuzzy sets in literature. We also give different some properties for the convex and concave soft sets

"Implicature-Laden" Elicitations in Talk Radio Shows

Indirect elicitations in talk radio programmes on BBC Radio are not uncommon, notwithstanding, misunderstanding between the host and his conversational partner is not frequent. Investigating some of the reasons this paper focuses on how the socio-cultural and cognitive factors of the context interweave in discourse. The author suggests that valid interpretation and appropriate response to inferred elicitations can be best explained within the framework of Relevance Theory, and more specifically, with the presumption of accessibility of schemas obtained from the cognitive environment of the discourse partners. Through examples of empirical research the paper aims to reveal how the mutual knowledge of the participants controls discourse via the mental processes occurring in the interaction of two minds

Endogenous capital depreciation and technology shocks

I examine the dynamic impact of capital maintenance on key aggregates through the depreciation rate. I find that two factors are crucial for the short-run effects of Total Factor Productivity and Investment-Specific shocks: (i) the marginal efficiency of maintenance and its connection with the rate of utilization, and (ii) the interplay between the intertemporal effect of maintenance and the substitution effect between maintenance and utilization. The latter is expressed by the relative size of the elasticity of maintenance to the Hicksian elasticity of complementarity between maintenance and utilization. These theoretical results suggest that to match the observed responses of the macroeconomic aggregates the sign of the cross derivative should be negative and that the relative size of the Hicksian elasticity should be smaller than the maintenance elasticity of marginal depreciation. Finally, the model suggests that the main macroeconomic aggregates react procyclically, with the exception of maintenance, the behavior of which depends on the type of the shock