1,087,254 research outputs found
Towards Social Information Seeking and Interaction on the Web
User generated content is one of the key concepts of the social web (a. k. a “Web 2.0”) and enables users to search and interact with information that has been created (e.g. blogs) or annotated by other users (e.g. in tagging systems). Consequently, information seeking and interaction have been extended by a social dimension. The interaction can be social in so far that user generated content is searched and retrieved or, in a more direct manner that social interactions are carried out before, during or after search by communicating through Web 2.0 features like (micro-)blog posts, comments, and ratings. This paper focuses on social interactions during the search process by combining a model introduced by Shneiderman (2002) which attempts to describe human motivation for collaboratively using computers with an explorative model for social search by Evans and Chi (2008)
Associated Charm Production in Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions
In this paper a search for associated charm production both in neutral and
charged current -nucleus interactions is presented. The improvement of
automatic scanning systems in the {CHORUS} experiment allows an efficient
search to be performed in emulsion for short-lived particles. Hence a search
for rare processes, like the associated charm production, becomes possible
through the observation of the double charm-decay topology with a very low
background. About 130,000 interactions located in the emulsion target
have been analysed. Three events with two charm decays have been observed in
the neutral-current sample with an estimated background of 0.180.05. The
relative rate of the associated charm cross-section in deep inelastic
interactions, has been
measured. One event with two charm decays has been observed in charged-current
interactions with an estimated background of 0.180.06 and the
upper limit on associated charm production in charged-current interactions at
90% C.L. has been found to be .Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Incremental embodied chaotic exploration of self-organized motor behaviors with proprioceptor adaptation
This paper presents a general and fully dynamic embodied artificial neural system, which incrementally explores and learns motor behaviors through an integrated combination of chaotic search and reflex learning. The former uses adaptive bifurcation to exploit the intrinsic chaotic dynamics arising from neuro-body-environment interactions, while the latter is based around proprioceptor adaptation. The overall iterative search process formed from this combination is shown to have a close relationship to evolutionary methods. The architecture developed here allows realtime goal-directed exploration and learning of the possible motor patterns (e.g., for locomotion) of embodied systems of arbitrary morphology. Examples of its successful application to a simple biomechanical model, a simulated swimming robot, and a simulated quadruped robot are given. The tractability of the biomechanical systems allows detailed analysis of the overall dynamics of the search process. This analysis sheds light on the strong parallels with evolutionary search
Why People Search for Images using Web Search Engines
What are the intents or goals behind human interactions with image search
engines? Knowing why people search for images is of major concern to Web image
search engines because user satisfaction may vary as intent varies. Previous
analyses of image search behavior have mostly been query-based, focusing on
what images people search for, rather than intent-based, that is, why people
search for images. To date, there is no thorough investigation of how different
image search intents affect users' search behavior.
In this paper, we address the following questions: (1)Why do people search
for images in text-based Web image search systems? (2)How does image search
behavior change with user intent? (3)Can we predict user intent effectively
from interactions during the early stages of a search session? To this end, we
conduct both a lab-based user study and a commercial search log analysis.
We show that user intents in image search can be grouped into three classes:
Explore/Learn, Entertain, and Locate/Acquire. Our lab-based user study reveals
different user behavior patterns under these three intents, such as first click
time, query reformulation, dwell time and mouse movement on the result page.
Based on user interaction features during the early stages of an image search
session, that is, before mouse scroll, we develop an intent classifier that is
able to achieve promising results for classifying intents into our three intent
classes. Given that all features can be obtained online and unobtrusively, the
predicted intents can provide guidance for choosing ranking methods immediately
after scrolling
Emergence of symmetry from random n-body interactions
An ensemble with random n-body interactions is investigated in the presence
of symmetries. A striking emergence of regularities in spectra, ground state
spins and isospins is discovered in both odd and even-particle systems. Various
types of correlations from pairing to spectral sequences and correlations
across different masses are explored. A search for interpretation is presented.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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Search for Eccentric Binary Black Hole Mergers with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo during Their First and Second Observing Runs
When formed through dynamical interactions, stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) may retain eccentric orbits (e > 0.1 at 10 Hz) detectable by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. Eccentricity can therefore be used to differentiate dynamically formed binaries from isolated BBH mergers. Current template-based gravitational-wave searches do not use waveform models associated with eccentric orbits, rendering the search less efficient for eccentric binary systems. Here we present the results of a search for BBH mergers that inspiral in eccentric orbits using data from the first and second observing runs (O1 and O2) of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We carried out the search with the coherent WaveBurst algorithm, which uses minimal assumptions on the signal morphology and does not rely on binary waveform templates. We show that it is sensitive to binary mergers with a detection range that is weakly dependent on eccentricity for all bound systems. Our search did not identify any new binary merger candidates. We interpret these results in light of eccentric binary formation models. We rule out formation channels with rates ⪆100 Gpc-3 yr-1 for e > 0.1, assuming a black hole mass spectrum with a power-law index ≲2
Exchange Interactions in Paramagnetic Amorphous and Disordered Crystalline CrN-based Systems
We present a first principles supercell methodology for the calculation of
exchange interactions of magnetic materials with arbitrary degrees of
structural and chemical disorder in their high temperature paramagnetic state.
It is based on a projection of the total magnetic energy of the system onto
local pair clusters, allowing the interactions to vary independently as a
response to their local environments. We demonstrate our method by deriving the
distance dependent exchange interactions in vibrating crystalline CrN, a
TiCrN solid solution as well as in amorphous CrN. Our method
reveals strong local environment effects in all three systems. In the amorphous
case we use the full set of exchange interactions in a search for the
non-collinear magnetic ground state.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Non-Abelian Fractional Chern Insulators from Long-Range Interactions
The recent theoretical discovery of fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) has
provided an important new way to realize topologically ordered states in
lattice models. In earlier works, on-site and nearest neighbor Hubbard-like
interactions have been used extensively to stabilize Abelian FCIs in systems
with nearly flat, topologically nontrivial bands. However, attempts to use
two-body interactions to stabilize non-Abelian FCIs, where the ground state in
the presence of impurities can be massively degenerate and manipulated through
anyon braiding, have proven very difficult in uniform lattice systems. Here, we
study the remarkable effect of long-range interactions in a lattice model that
possesses an exactly flat lowest band with a unit Chern number. When spinless
bosons with two-body long-range interactions partially fill the lowest Chern
band, we find convincing evidence of gapped, bosonic Read-Rezayi (RR) phases
with non-Abelian anyon statistics. We characterize these states through
studying topological degeneracies, the overlap between the ground states of
two-body interactions and the exact RR ground states of three- and four-body
interactions, and state counting in the particle-cut entanglement spectrum.
Moreover, we demonstrate how an approximate lattice form of Haldane's
pseudopotentials, analogous to that in the continuum, can be used as an
efficient guiding principle in the search for lattice models with stable
non-Abelian phases.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. As publishe
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