Boundary value problem for PDEs and some clases of L^p bounded pseudodifferential operators

In recent years much attention has been extended in the study of differential equations of non-classical types. These articles need, on one hand, fluid mechanics, hydro-and gas dynamics and other applied disciplines, and on the other hand, the actual needs of the mathematical sciences. One of the most important classes of equations of non-classical type is the third-order equation with multiple characteristics which is a generalization of linear Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation, special cases which occur in the dissemination of waves in weakly dispersive media, the propagation of waves in a cold plasma, magneto-hydrodynamics, problems of nonlinear acoustics, the hydrodynamic theory of space plasma. A pioneering work in the theory of odd order partial differential equations with multiple characteristics was done by E.Del Vecchio, H.Block, in which they studied the technique of constructing fundamental solutions of these equations. Consequently, the theory of equations with multiple characteristics has been greatly developed by the Italian mathematician L.Cattabriga. In the first part of Ph.D thesis we develop and study boundary value problems for third-order equations with multiple characteristics in areas with curved boundaries, as well as some properties of the fundamental solutions of the equations, when the transition line is a curve. In addition, we construct a solution of the Cauchy problem in the classes of functions growing at infinity, depending on the behaviour of the right-hand side of the equation. Our thesis explores both linear and nonlinear boundary value problems for linear and non-linear third-order equation with multiple characteristics in the domain with curved boundaries. The main result of the first chapter is to prove the unique solvability of the general boundary value problem for the third-order equation with multiple characteristics in curved domains. The proof of the uniqueness theorem of the solution, we use the method of energy integrals. For the existence theorem, we find equivalent systems of Volterra second type integral equations. The next chapter consists of three sections and it investigates the problem with nonlinear boundary conditions for linear and non-linear equations of the third order with multiple characteristics. To prove the existence and uniqueness theorems, we will use methods of integral energy and theory of integral equations. In the last part of the thesis we analyze basic properties of pseudodifferential operators, such as the behaviour of products and adjoins of such operators, their continuity on L^2, L^p and Sobolev spaces. In the thesis we study the L^p - boundedness of vector weighted pseudodifferential operators with symbols which have derivatives with respect to x only up to order k, in the Holder continuous sense

Aplicaciones de las desigualdades con pesos a ecuaciones diferenciales

Esta tesis se centra en estudiar la desigualdad de Poincaré mejorada con pesos y aplicaciones del Análisis Armónico a las ecuaciones diferenciales. En primer lugar obtenemos un teorema general que nos provee condiciones que deben cumplir dos pesos para que valga la desigualdad de Poincaré mejorada en dominios acotados y de John. Gracias a este teorema podemos proveer varios ejemplos de pesos que no están en la clase de Muckenhoupt Ap, en el caso particular de un peso. Para obtener aplicaciones a las ecuaciones diferenciales estudiamos la descomposición de una función de promedio cero como suma de funciones soportadas en cubos y de promedio cero. Esta descomposición está relacionada con la desigualdad de Poincaré mejorada y nos resultará útil para obtener la resolubilidad de la divergencia en espacios de Sobolev con pesos y así también para probar la desigualdad de Fefferman-Stein con pesos, en ambos casos para una clase de pesos más general que la clase de Muckenhoupt Ap. Damos un teorema general para que valga la resolubilidad de la divergencia en espacios de Sobolev. Por último estudiamos estimaciones a priori de soluciones de sistemas uniformemente elípticos en espacios con pesos en la clase de Muckenhoupt Ap. Damos una prueba más simple de la ya obtenida. Para ello necesitamos utilizar la desigualdad de Fefferman-Stein y una estimación puntual que involucra la función maximal sharp y la función maximal de Hardy-Littlewood. Además obtenemos como depende del peso la constante de las estimaciones a priori y probamos que está constante es sharp. En la línea de los sistemas elípticos obtenemos estimaciones a priori con dos pesos. En el caso particular del problema de Dirichlet para potencias del laplaciano damos una condición necesaria sobre el peso para que valgan las estimaciones a priori.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Some Large-Scale Regularity Results for Linear Elliptic Equations with Random Coefficients and on the Well-Posedness of Singular Quasilinear SPDEs

This thesis is split into two parts, the first one is concerned with some problems in stochastic homogenization and the second addresses a problem in singular SPDEs. In the part on stochastic homogenization we are interested in developing large-scale regularity theories for random linear elliptic operators by using estimates for the homogenization error to transfer regularity from the homogenized operator to the heterogeneous one at large scales. In the whole-space case this has been done by Gloria, Neukamm, and Otto through means of a homogenization-inspired Campanato iteration. Here we are specifically interested in boundary regularity and as a model setting we consider random linear elliptic operators on the half-space with either homogeneous Dirichlet or Neumann boundary data. In each case we obtain a large-scale regularity theory and the main technical difficulty turns out to be the construction of a sublinear homogenization corrector that is adapted to the boundary data. The case of Dirichlet boundary data is taken from a joint work with Julian Fischer. In an attempt to head towards a percolation setting, we have also included a chapter concerned with the large-scale behaviour of harmonic functions on a domain with random holes assuming that these are 'well-spaced'. In the second part of this thesis we would like to provide a pathwise solution theory for a singular quasilinear parabolic initial value problem with a periodic forcing. The difficulty here is that the roughness of the data limits the regularity the solution such that it is not possible to define the nonlinear terms in the equation. A well-posedness result, therefore, comes with two steps: 1) Giving meaning to the nonlinear terms and 2) Showing that with this meaning the equation has a solution operator with some continuity properties. The solution theory that we develop in this contribution is a perturbative result in the sense that we think of the solution of the initial value problem as a perturbation of the solution of an associated periodic problem, which has already been handled in a work by Otto and Weber. The analysis in this part relies entirely on estimates for the heat semigroup. The results in the second part of this thesis will be in an upcoming joint work with Felix Otto and Jonas Sauer